EP1468998A1 - Kristallines Monohydrat von Tiotropiumbromid und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung. - Google Patents
Kristallines Monohydrat von Tiotropiumbromid und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1468998A1 EP1468998A1 EP04016877A EP04016877A EP1468998A1 EP 1468998 A1 EP1468998 A1 EP 1468998A1 EP 04016877 A EP04016877 A EP 04016877A EP 04016877 A EP04016877 A EP 04016877A EP 1468998 A1 EP1468998 A1 EP 1468998A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tiotropium bromide
- crystalline
- bromide monohydrate
- preparation
- monohydrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- LERNTVKEWCAPOY-VOGVJGKGSA-N C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 LERNTVKEWCAPOY-VOGVJGKGSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229960000257 tiotropium bromide Drugs 0.000 title claims description 28
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001078 anti-cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- MQLXPRBEAHBZTK-SEINRUQRSA-M tiotropium bromide hydrate Chemical compound O.[Br-].C[N+]1(C)[C@H]2C[C@@H](C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)C(O)(c1cccs1)c1cccs1 MQLXPRBEAHBZTK-SEINRUQRSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 23
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013583 drug formulation Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012982 x-ray structure analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940121948 Muscarinic receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 compound tiotropium bromide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVLGAFRNYJVHBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydrobromide Chemical compound O.Br GVLGAFRNYJVHBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
- C07D451/06—Oxygen atoms
- C07D451/10—Oxygen atoms acylated by aliphatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g. atropine, scopolamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
- A61P11/16—Central respiratory analeptics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crystalline monohydrate of (1 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ ) -7 - [(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl) oxy] -9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo [3.3.1.0 2 , 4 ] nonane bromide, process for its preparation, and its use for the preparation of a medicament, in particular for the production of a medicament with anticholinergic activity.
- tiotropium bromide is preferably carried out by inhalation.
- suitable inhalable powders which can be introduced into suitable capsules (inhalettes) bottled be applied by means of appropriate powder inhalers are used come.
- an inhalative application by application appropriate inhalation aerosols done. These include powdered Inhalation aerosols, for example, HFA134a, HFA227 or their mixture as Propellant gas included.
- Proper preparation of the aforementioned compositions useful for the inhalative administration of a drug relies on various parameters associated with the nature of the drug itself. Without limitation, examples of these parameters are the effective stability of the starting material under various environmental conditions, stability in the course of preparation of the pharmaceutical formulation, and stability in the final compositions of the drug.
- the drug used to make the above drug compositions should be as pure as possible, and its long term storage stability must be ensured under various environmental conditions. This is absolutely necessary in order to prevent the use of pharmaceutical compositions in which, in addition to the actual active substance, for example, decomposition products thereof are contained. In such a case, an active ingredient content found in capsules could be lower than specified.
- the absorption of moisture reduces the content of drug due to the increase in weight caused by the absorption of water.
- Moisture-prone drugs must be protected from moisture during storage, for example by adding suitable drying agents or by storing the drug in a humidity protected environment.
- the ingestion of moisture may reduce the level of drug during manufacture if the drug is exposed to the environment without any protection from moisture.
- Uniform distribution of the drug in the formulation is a critical factor, especially if low dosage of the drug is required.
- Another aspect which is significant in the case of inhalation substances to be applied by means of a powder is due to the fact that only particles of a certain particle size enter the lung during the content of the substance.
- the particle size of these respirable particles (inhalable fraction) is in the submicron range.
- a milling process is also required.
- Another problem during the grinding process to produce the desired Drug formulation may occur as a result of this process Energy input and the load on the surface of the crystals. This can be done under Circumstances to polymorphic changes, to a transformation to amorphous Shape or lead to a change of the crystal lattice.
- the pharmaceutical grade of a drug formulation always the same crystalline Morphology of the drug must be guaranteed, are also ahead of this Background to the stability and properties of the crystalline drug increased To make demands.
- the stability of a drug is further in drug compositions important for determining the period of validity of the specialty drug; this duration is the one during which the drug is administered without any risk can be.
- a high stability of a drug in the aforementioned Pharmaceutical compositions under various storage conditions Therefore, for both the patients as well as for the manufacturer another advantage represents.
- the object of the invention is thus to provide a new, stable Crystal form of the compound tiotropium bromide corresponding to the abovementioned high Requirements to be met by a drug substance are sufficient.
- the present invention relates to crystalline Tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a manufacturing method of crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide.
- This manufacturing method is characterized characterized in that tiotropium bromide, which, for example, after the in EP 418 716 A1 as disclosed in water is received, the resulting mixture is heated and finally the Hydrates of Tiotropiumbromids are crystallized with slow cooling.
- the present invention further relates to crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide, which are obtainable by the above procedure.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of producing crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate, which will be described in more detail below.
- crystalline monohydrate according to the present invention, it is necessary to take up tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained, for example, according to the preparation procedure disclosed in EP 418 716 A1, in water, to heat, to carry out a purification with activated carbon and, after separating off the activated carbon under a slow flow Cool the tiotropium bromide monohydrate slowly to crystallize.
- the preferred procedure according to the invention is as described below.
- the solvent is mixed with tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained, for example, according to the preparation procedure disclosed in EP 418 716 A1.
- tiotropium bromide which has been obtained, for example, according to the preparation procedure disclosed in EP 418 716 A1.
- 0.4 to 1.5 kg, preferably 0.6 to 1 kg, particularly preferably about 0.8 kg of water are used as solvents per mole of tiotropium bromide used.
- the resulting mixture is heated with stirring, preferably to more than 50 ° C, more preferably to more than 60 ° C.
- the maximum selectable temperature is determined by the boiling point of the solvent used water.
- the mixture is heated to a range of 80-90 ° C.
- Activated carbon, dry or moist with water, is introduced into this solution.
- the activated carbon is slurried in water before introduction into the tiotropium bromide-containing solution. 70 to 200 g, preferably 100 to 160 g, particularly preferably about 135 g of water are used for slurrying the activated carbon per tiotropium bromide used. If the activated carbon is slurried in water prior to introduction into the tiotropium bromide-containing solution, it is advisable to rinse with the same amount of water.
- stirring is continued for 5 to 60 minutes, preferably for 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably for about 15 minutes after the activated carbon has been added, and the resulting mixture is filtered to remove the activated carbon.
- the filter is then rinsed with water.
- 140 to 400 g, preferably 200 to 320 g, most preferably about 270 g of water are used per mole of tiotropium bromide used.
- the filtrate is then cooled slowly, preferably to a temperature of 20-25 ° C.
- the cooling is preferably carried out at a cooling rate of 1 to 10 ° C per 10 to 30 minutes, preferably 2 to 8 ° C per 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably 3 to 5 ° C per 10 to 20 minutes, most preferably 3 up to 5 ° C per approx. 20 minutes.
- a cooling rate of 1 to 10 ° C per 10 to 30 minutes, preferably 2 to 8 ° C per 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably 3 to 5 ° C per 10 to 20 minutes, most preferably 3 up to 5 ° C per approx. 20 minutes.
- After cooling to 20 to 25 ° C further cooling to below 20 ° C, particularly preferably 10 to 15 ° C followed.
- After cooling is stirred between 20 minutes and 3 hours, preferably between 40 minutes and 2 hours, more preferably about one hour to complete the crystallization.
- the resulting crystals are finally isolated by filtration or suction of the solvent. Should it be necessary to subject the crystals obtained to a further washing step, it is advisable to use water or acetone as the washing
- 0.1 to 1.0 L, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 L, particularly preferably about 0.3 L of solvent can be used per mole of tiotropium bromide used to wash the resulting tiotropium bromide monohydrate crystals.
- the washing step may be repeated.
- the product obtained is dried in vacuo or by means of heated circulating air until a water content of 2.5-4.0% is reached.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate, which is obtainable according to the procedure described above is.
- the tiotropium bromide monohydrate obtainable according to the procedure described above was subjected to examination by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry).
- the DSC diagram has two characteristic signals. The first, relatively broad, endothermic signal between 50-120 ° C is due to the dehydration of Tiotropiumbomid monohydrate to anhydrous form. The second, relatively sharp, endothermic maximum at 230 ⁇ 5 ° C is attributable to the melting of the substance ( Figure 1).
- These data were obtained using a Mettler DSC 821 and evaluated with the Mettler STAR software package. The data were collected at a heating rate of 10 K / min.
- the present invention is directed to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which according to Firgur 1 is characterized by an endothermic peak at 230 ° C ( ⁇ 5 ° C) at a heating rate of 10K / min.
- the tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterized by means of IR spectroscopy.
- the data was collected using a Nicolet FTIR spectrometer and evaluated using the Nicolet OMNIC software version 3.1 software. The measurement was carried out with 2.5 ⁇ mol tiotropium bromide monohydrate in 300 mg KBr.
- the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which, according to Firgur 2, is characterized by an IR spectrum exhibiting, inter alia, wavenumbers 3570, 3410, 3105, 1730, 1260, 1035 and 720 cm -1 bands.
- the tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterized by X-ray structure analysis.
- the X-ray diffraction intensity measurements were performed on an AFC7R-4 circular diffractometer (Rigaku) using monochromatized copper K ⁇ radiation.
- the structural solution and refinement of the crystal structure was carried out by direct methods (program SHELXS86) and FMLQ-Vefeintechnik (program TeXsan). Experimental details on crystal structure, structure solution and refinement are summarized in Table 2.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate as a medicament due to the pharmaceutical activity of the hydrate according to the invention.
- a medicament which can be administered by inhalation in particular an inhalable powder which contains the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate described by the present invention, it is possible to proceed according to methods known in the prior art.
- another aspect of the present invention is directed to inhalation powders characterized by a content of tiotropium bromide monohydrate.
- another aspect of the present invention is directed to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases in which the application of an anticholinergic agent can produce a therapeutic benefit.
- Preferred is the corresponding use for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of asthma or COPD.
- tiotropium bromide 15.0 kg are introduced into 25.7 kg of water in a suitable reaction vessel. The mixture is heated to 80-90 ° C and stirred at a constant temperature until a clear solution is formed. Activated carbon (0.8 kg), moist with water, is slurried in 4.4 kg of water, this mixture is added to the tiotropium bromide-containing solution and rinsed with 4.3 kg of water. The resulting mixture is stirred for at least 15 minutes at 80-90 ° C and then filtered through a heated filter in a pre-heated to 70 ° C jacket temperature apparatus. The filter is rinsed with 8.6 kg of water.
- the contents of the apparatus are cooled at 3-5 ° C per 20 minutes to a temperature of 20-25 ° C. With cold water cooling, the apparatus is further cooled to 10-15 ° C and the crystallization is completed by at least one hour stirring.
- the crystals are isolated on a Nutschentrockner, washed the isolated crystal slurry with 9 L of cold water (10-15 ° C) and cold acetone (10-15 ° C). The resulting crystals are dried at 25 ° C for 2 hours in a stream of nitrogen. Yield: 13.4 kg of tiotropium bromide monohydrate (86% of theory)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Absorption von Feuchtigkeit vermindert den Gehalt an Arzneiwirkstoff wegen der durch die Wasseraufnahme verursachten Gewichtszunahme. Zur Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit neigende Arzneimittel müssen während der Lagerung vor Feuchtigkeit geschützt werden, beispielsweise durch Zusatz von geeigneten Trockenmitteln oder durch Lagerung des Arzneimittels in einer vor Feuchtigkeit geschützten Umgebung. Zudem kann die Aufnahme von Feuchtigkeit den Gehalt an Arzneiwirkstoff während der Herstellung vermindern, wenn das Arzneimittel der Umgebung ohne jeglichen Schutz vor Feuchtigkeit ausgesetzt wird.
Da als Begleiterscheinung des Mahlens (bzw. Mikronisierens) trotz der beim Verfahrensablaufs erforderlichen harten Bedingungen ein Abbau des Arzneimittelwirkstoffs weitestgehend vermieden werden muß, stellt eine hohe Stabilität des Wirkstoffs gegenüber dem Mahlvorgang eine unabdingbare Notwendigkeit dar. Nur eine ausreichend große Stabilität des Wirkstoffs beim Mahlvorgang erlaubt die Herstellung einer homogenen Arzneimittelformulierung, in der stets in reproduzierbarer Art und Weise die festgelegte Menge an Wirkstoff enthalten ist.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt wird wie nachfolgend beschrieben vorgegangen.
In einem geeignet dimensionierten Reaktionsgefäß wird das Lösemittel mit Tiotropiumbromid, welches beispielsweise nach der in der EP 418 716 A1 offenbarten Herstellungsvorschrift erhalten worden ist, gemischt.
Pro Mol eingesetztes Tiotropiumbromid werden 0,4 bis 1,5 kg, bevorzugt 0,6 bis 1 kg, besonders bevorzugt ca. 0,8 kg Wasser als Lösemittel verwendet.
Die erhaltene Mischung wird unter Rühren erwärmt, vorzugsweise auf mehr als 50°C, besonders bevorzugt auf mehr als 60°C. Die maximal wählbare Temperatur bestimmt sich durch den Siedepunkt des verwendeten Lösemittels Wasser. Vorzugsweise wird die Mischung auf einen Bereich von 80-90°C erhitzt.
In diese Lösung wird Aktivkohle, trocken oder wasserfeucht, eingebracht. Bevorzugt werden pro Mol eingesetztes Tiotropiumbromid 10 bis 50 g, besonders bevorzugt 15 bis 35 g, höchst bevorzugt etwa 25 g Aktivkohle eingesetzt. Gegebenenfalls wird die Aktivkohle vor Einbringen in die Tiotropiumbromid-haltige Lösung in Wasser aufgeschlämmt. Pro Mol eingesetztes Tiotropiumbromid werden zum Aufschlämmen der Aktivkohle 70 bis 200 g, bevorzugt 100 bis 160 g, besonders bevorzugt ca. 135 g Wasser verwendet. Wird die Aktivkohle vor Einbringen in die Tiotropiumbromid-haltige Lösung zuvor in Wasser aufgeschlämmt, empfiehlt es sich, mit der gleichen Menge Wasser nachzuspülen.
Bei konstanter Temperatur wird nach erfolgter Aktivkohlezugabe zwischen 5 bis 60 Minuten, bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 30 Minuten, besonders bevorzugt etwa 15 Minuten weitergerührt und die erhaltene Mischung filtriert, um die Aktivkohle zu entfernen. Der Filter wird anschließend mit Wasser nachgespült. Hierfür werden pro Mol eingesetztes Tiotropiumbromid 140 bis 400 g, bevorzugt 200 bis 320 g, höchst bevorzugt ca. 270 g Wasser verwendet.
Das Filtrat wird anschließend langsam abgekühlt, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur von 20-25°C. Die Abkühlung wird vorzugsweise mit einer Abklühlrate von 1 bis 10°C pro 10 bis 30 Minuten, bevorzugt von 2 bis 8°C pro 10 bis 30 Minuten, besonders bevorzugt von 3 bis 5°C pro 10 bis 20 Minuten, höchst bevorzugt von 3 bis 5°C pro ca. 20 Minuten durchgeführt. Gegebenenfalls kann sich nach dem Abkühlen auf 20 bis 25°C eine weitere Abkühlung auf unter 20°C, besonders bevorzugt auf 10 bis 15°C anschließen.
Nach erfolgter Abkühlung wird zwischen 20 Minuten und 3 Stunden, vorzugsweise zwischen 40 Minuten und 2 Stunden, besonders bevorzugt etwa eine Stunde zur Vervollständigung der Kristallisation nachgerührt.
Die entstandenen Kristalle werden abschließend durch Filtrieren oder Absaugen des Lösemittels isoliert. Sollte es erforderlich sein, die erhaltenen Kristalle einem weiteren Waschschritt zu unterwerfen, empfiehlt es sich als Waschlösemittel Wasser oder Aceton zu verwenden. Pro Mol eingesetztes Tiotropiumbromid können zum Waschen der erhaltenen Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat-Kristalle 0,1 bis 1,0 L, bevorzugt 0,2 bis 0,5 L, besonders bevorzugt etwa 0,3 L Lösemittel Verwendung finden. Gegebenenfalls kann der Waschschritt wiederholt durchgeführt werden.
Das erhaltene Produkt wird im Vakuum oder mittels erwärmter Umluft bis zum Erreichen eines Wassergehalts von 2,5 - 4,0 % getrocknet.
Da die Substanz unter Zersetzung schmilzt (= inkongruenter Schmelzvorgang), hängt der beobachtete Schmelzpunkt sehr von der Heizrate ab. Bei geringeren Heizraten wird der Schmelz-/Zersetzungsvorgang bei deutlich niedrigeren Temperaturen beobachtet, so zum Beispiel mit einer Heizrate von 3 K/min bei 220 ± 5 °C. Es kann außerdem vorkommen, daß der Schmelzpeak aufgespalten vorliegt. Die Aufspaltung tritt umso stärker auf, je geringer die Heizrate im DSC-Experiment ist. Dementsprechend zielt die vorliegende Erfindung auf kristallines Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat, welches entsprechend Firgur 1 durch ein endothermes Maximum bei 230°C (± 5°C) bei einer Heizrate von 10K/min gekennzeichnet ist.
| Zuordnung von spezifischen Banden | ||
| Wellenzahl (cm-1) | Zuordnung | Schwingungstyp |
| 3570, 3410 | O-H | Streckschwingung |
| 3105 | Aryl C-H | Streckschwingung |
| 1730 | C=O | Streckschwingung |
| 1260 | Epoxid C-O | Streckschwingung |
| 1035 | Ester C-OC | Streckschwingung |
| 720 | Thiophen | Ringschwingung |
| Experimentelle Daten zur Kristallstrukturanalyse von Tiotropiumbromidmonohydrat. | |
| A. Kristalldaten | |
| Empirische Formel | [C19H22NO4S2] Br · H20 |
| Formelgewicht | 472.43 + 18.00 |
| Kristallfarbe, -gestalt | farblos, prismatisch |
| Kristallabmessungen | 0.2 x 0.3 x 0.3 mm |
| Kristallsystem | monoklin |
| Gittertyp | primitv |
| Raumgruppe | P 21/n |
| Gitterkonstanten | a = 18.0774 Å, b = 11.9711 Å c = 9.9321 Å β = 102.691° V = 2096.96 Å3 |
| Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle | 4 |
| B. Intensitätsmessungen | |
| Diffraktometer | Rigaku AFC7R |
| Röntgengenerator | Rigaku RU200 |
| Wellenlänge | λ= 1.54178Å (monochromatisierte Kupfer Kα-Strahlung) |
| Strom, Spannung | 50kV, 100mA |
| Take-off Winkel | 6° |
| Kristallmontage | wasserdampfgesättigte Kapillare |
| Kristall-Detektor-Abstand | 235mm |
| Detektor Öffnung | 3.0 mm vertikal und horizontal |
| Temperatur | 18° |
| Bestimmung der Gitterkonstanten | 25 Reflexe (50.8° < 2⊖ < 56.2°) |
| Scan Typ | ω - 2⊖ |
| Scan Geschwindigkeit | 8.0 32.0°/min in ω |
| Scan Breite | (0.58 + 0.30 tan ⊖) ° |
| 2⊖max | 120° |
| Messungen | 5193 |
| Unabhängige Reflexe | 3281 ( Rint=0.051) |
| Korrrektu ren | Lorentz-Polarisation Absorption (Transmissionsfaktoren 0.56 - 1.00) Kristall-decay 10.47% Abfall |
| C. Verfeinerung | |
| Reflexe (I > 3σI) | 1978 |
| Variable | 254 |
| Verhältnis Reflexe/Parameter | 7.8 |
| R-Werte: R, Rw | 0.062, 0.066 |
a = 18.0774 Å, b = 11.9711 Å, c = 9.9321 Å, β = 102.691 °, V = 2096.96 Å3.
Dementsprechend betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung kristallines Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat, welches durch vorstehend beschriebene Elementarzelle gekennzeichnet ist.
Durch die vorstehende Röntgenstrukturanalyse wurden die in Tabelle 3 beschriebenen Atomkoordinaten bestimmt:
| Koordinaten | ||||
| Atom | x | y | z | u (eq) |
| Br(1) | 0.63938(7) | 0.0490(1) | 0.2651(1) | 0.0696(4) |
| S(1) | 0.2807(2) | 0.8774(3) | 0.1219(3) | 0.086(1) |
| S(2) | 0.4555(3) | 0.6370(4) | 0.4214(5) | 0.141 (2) |
| O(1) | 0.2185(4) | 0.7372(6) | 0.4365(8) | 0.079(3) |
| O(2) | 0.3162(4) | 0.6363(8) | 0.5349(9) | 0.106(3) |
| O(3) | 0.3188(4) | 0.9012(5) | 0.4097(6) | 0.058(2) |
| O(4) | 0.0416(4) | 0.9429(6) | 0.3390(8) | 0.085(3) |
| O(5) | 0.8185(5) | 0.0004(8) | 0.2629(9) | 0.106(3) |
| N(1 ) | 0.0111(4) | 0.7607(6) | 0.4752(7) | 0.052(2) |
| C(1) | 0.2895(5) | 0.7107(9) | 0.4632(9) | 0.048(3) |
| C(2) | 0.3330(5) | 0.7876(8) | 0.3826(8) | 0.048(3) |
| C(3) | 0.3004(5) | 0.7672(8) | 0.2296(8) | 0.046(3) |
| C(4) | 0.4173(5) | 0.7650(8) | 0.4148(8) | 0.052(3) |
| C(5) | 0.1635(5) | 0.6746(9) | 0.497(1) | 0.062(3) |
| C(6) | 0.1435(5) | 0.7488(9) | 0.6085(9) | 0.057(3) |
| C(7) | 0.0989(6) | 0.6415(8) | 0.378(1) | 0.059(3) |
| C(8) | 0.0382(5) | 0.7325(9) | 0.3439(9) | 0.056(3) |
| C(9) | 0.0761(6) | 0.840(1) | 0.315(1) | 0.064(3) |
| C(10) | 0.1014(6) | 0.8974(8) | 0.443(1) | 0.060(3) |
| C(11) | 0.0785(5) | 0.8286(8) | 0.5540(9) | 0.053(3) |
| C(12) | -0.0632(6) | 0.826(1) | 0.444(1) | 0.086(4) |
| C(13) | -0.0063(6) | 0.6595(9) | 0.554(1) | 0.062(3) |
| C(14) | 0.4747(4) | 0.8652(9) | 0.430(1) | 0.030(2) |
| C(15) | 0.2839(5) | 0.6644(9) | 0.1629(9) | 0.055(3) |
| C(16) | 0.528(2) | 0.818(2) | 0.445(2) | 0.22(1) |
| C(17) | 0.5445(5) | 0.702(2) | 0.441(1) | 0.144(6) |
| C(18) | 0.2552(6) | 0.684(1) | 0.019(1) | 0.079(4) |
| C(19) | 0.2507(6) | 0.792(1) | -0.016(1) | 0.080(4) |
| H(1) | -0.0767 | 0.8453 | 0.5286 | 0.102 |
| H(2) | -0.0572 | 0.8919 | 0.3949 | 0.102 |
| H(3) | -0.1021 | 0.7810 | 0.3906 | 0.102 |
| H(4) | -0.0210 | 0.6826 | 0.6359 | 0.073 |
| H(5) | -0.0463 | 0.6178 | 0.4982 | 0.073 |
| H(6) | 0.0377 | 0.6134 | 0.5781 | 0.073 |
| H(7) | 0.1300 | 0.7026 | 0.6770 | 0.069 |
| H(8) | 0.1873 | 0.7915 | 0.6490 | 0.069 |
| H(9) | 0.1190 | 0.6284 | 0.2985 | 0.069 |
| H(10) | 0.0762 | 0.5750 | 0.4016 | 0.069 |
| H(11) | 0.1873 | 0.6082 | 0.5393 | 0.073 |
| H(12) | -0.0025 | 0.7116 | 0.2699 | 0.066 |
| H(13) | 0.1084 | 0.8383 | 0.2506 | 0.075 |
| H(14) | 0.1498 | 0.9329 | 0.4626 | 0.071 |
| H(15) | 0.0658 | 0.8734 | 0.6250 | 0.063 |
| H(16) | 0.2906 | 0.5927 | 0.2065 | 0.065 |
| H(17) | 0.2406 | 0.6258 | -0.0469 | 0.094 |
| H(18) | 0.2328 | 0.8191 | -0.1075 | 0.097 |
| H(19) | 0.4649 | 0.9443 | 0.4254 | 0.037 |
| H(20) | 0.5729 | 0.8656 | 0.4660 | 0.268 |
| H(21) | 0.5930 | 0.6651 | 0.4477 | 0.165 |
| H(22) | 0.8192 | -0.0610 | 0.1619 | 0.084 |
| H(23) | 0.7603 | 0.0105 | 0.2412 | 0.084 |
| x, y, z: fraktionelle Koordinaten; | ||||
| U(eq) mittlere quadratische Amplitude atomarer Bewegung im Kristall; |
Zur Herstellung eines inhalativ applizierbaren Arzneimittels, insbesondere eines Inhalationspulvers, welches das durch die vorliegende Erfindung beschriebene kristalline Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat enthält, kann nach im Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren vorgegangen werden. Diesbezüglich wird beispielsweise auf die Lehre der DE-A-179 22 07 verwiesen. Dementsprechend zielt ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung auf Inhaltionspulver gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt von Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat.
Aufgrund der anticholinergen Wirksamkeit von Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat zielt ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung auf die Verwendung von Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen, in denen die Applikation eines Anticholinergikums einen therapeutischen Nutzen entfalten kann. Bevorzugt ist die entsprechende Verwendung zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels zur Behandlung von Asthma oder COPD.
Ausbeute : 13,4 kg Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat (86 % d. Th.)
Claims (12)
- Kristallines Tiotropiumbromid-Monohydrat.
- Kristallines Tiotropiumbromid-Monohydrat nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein bei der thermischen Analyse mittels DSC auftretendes endothermes Maximum bei 230 ± 5°C bei einer Heizrate von 10K/min.
- Kristallines Tiotropiumbromid-Monohydrat nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch ein IR-Spektrum, das unter anderen bei den Wellenzahlen 3570, 3410, 3105, 1730, 1260, 1035 und 720 cm-1 Banden aufweist.
- Kristallines Tiotropiumbromid-Monohydrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, gekennzeichnet durch eine einfache monoklinische Zelle mit folgenden Dimensionen: a = 18.0774 Ä, b = 11.9711 Å, c = 9.9321 Å, β = 102.691 °, V = 2096.96 Å3.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von kristallinem Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1, 2, 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßa) Tiotropiumbromid in Wasser aufgenommen wird,b) die erhaltene Mischung erwärmt wird,c) Aktivkohle zugesetzt wird undd) nach Abtrennen der Aktivkohle Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat unter langsamem Abkühlen der wässrigen Lösung langsam kristallisiert wird.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßa) pro Mol eingesetztes Tiotropiumbromid 0,4 bis 1,5 kg Wasser verwendet werden,b) die erhaltene Mischung auf mehr als 50°C erwärmt wird,c) pro Mol eingesetztes Tiotropiumbromid 10 bis 50 g Aktivkohle eingesetzt werden und nach erfolgter Aktivkohlezugabe zwischen 5 bis 60 Minuten, weitergerührt wird,d) die erhaltene Mischung filtriert, das erhaltene Filtrat mit einer Abklühlrate von 1 bis 10°C pro 10 bis 30 Minuten auf eine Temperatur von 20-25°C abgekühlt und das Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat dabei kristallisiert wird.
- Arzneimittel gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an kristallinem Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4.
- Arzneimittel nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich um ein Inhalationspulver handelt.
- Verwendung von kristallinem Tiotropiumbromid-monohydrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen, in denen die Applikation eines Anticholinergikums einen therapeutischen Nutzen entfalten kann.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei den Erkrankungen um Asthma oder COPD handelt.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von kristallinen Hydraten des Tiotropiumbromids, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Tiotropiumbromid in Wasser aufgenommen wird, die erhaltene Mischung erwärmt wird und abschließend die Hydrate des Tiotropiumbromids unter langsamem Abkühlen kristallisiert werden.
- Kristalline Hydrate des Tiotropiumbromids, erhältlich durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 11.
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| US8759369B2 (en) | 2007-07-09 | 2014-06-24 | Norton Healthcare Ltd. | Inhalable solid amorphous particles comprising tiotropium bromide and a co-solid |
| US9655969B2 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2017-05-23 | Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. | Inhalable medicament comprising tiotropium |
| US10034866B2 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2018-07-31 | Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. | Inhalable medicament comprising tiotropium |
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