AU2002214996B2

AU2002214996B2 - Crystalline monohydrate, method for producing the same and the use thereof in the production of a medicament

Info

Publication number: AU2002214996B2
Application number: AU2002214996A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Rolf Banholzer; Manfred Ludwig August Graulich; Christian Kulinna; Andreas Mathes; Helmut Meissner; Peter Sieger; Peter Specht; Michael Trunk
Original assignee: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc
Current assignee: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2000-10-12
Filing date: 2001-09-28
Publication date: 2007-03-15
Anticipated expiration: 2021-09-28
Also published as: JP2004526668A; HK1060567A1; EA200300457A1; SK4362003A3; JP3764422B2; YU27303A; HRP20030276A2; RS50218B; EP1326862A1; CZ301841B6; KR20030042008A; MY126931A; CA2425539C; NO328465B1; AP1572A; OA12403A; CR6938A; AU1499602A; AR068527A2; KR100823860B1

Description

au-fil COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 IN THE MATTER of a Patent Application by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG VERIFICATION OF TRANSLATION Patent Application No.: PCT/EP01/11225 I, JANE ROBERTA MANN, of Frank B. Dehn Co., 59 St Aldates, Oxford OX1 1ST, am the translator of the documents attached and I state that the following is a true translation to the best of my knowledge and belief of the specification as published of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP01/11225 of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG.

Signature of translator Dated: 12th March 2003 Case 1/1148-foreign BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMA KG 74400fft.204 Crystalline monohydrate, processes for the preparation thereof and the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition The invention relates to a crystalline monohydrate of (1 a,2,4p,5a,7p)-7-[(hydroxydi- 2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0 2 '4]nonane-bromide, processes for the preparation thereof, as well as the use thereof for preparing a pharmaceutical composition, particularly for preparing a pharmaceutical composition having an anticholinergic activity.

Background to the invention The compound (1a,2p,4p,5a,7)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02, 4 ]nonane-bromide is known from European Patent Application EP 418 716 Al and has the following chemical structure: Me Me'N

O

OH Br S 0 1/ OH

(I)

The compound has valuable pharmacological properties and is known by the name tiotropium bromide (BA679). Tiotropium bromide is a highly effective anticholinergic and can therefore provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of asthma or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Tiotropium bromide is preferably administered by inhalation. Suitable inhalable powders packed into appropriate capsules (inhalettes) may be used. Altematively, it may be administered by the use of suitable inhalable aerosols. These also include powdered inhalable aerosols which contain, for example, HFA134a, HFA227 or mixtures thereof as propellant gas.

The correct manufacture of the abovementioned compositions which are suitable for use for the administration of a pharmaceutically active substance by inhalation is based on various parameters which are connected with the nature of the active substance itself. Without being restrictive, examples of these parameters are the stability of effect of the starting material under various environmental conditions, stability during production of the pharmaceutical formulation and stability in the final medicament compositions. The pharmaceutically active substance used for preparing the abovementioned pharmaceutical compositions should be as pure as possible and its stability in long-term storage must be guaranteed under various environmental conditions. This is absolutely essential to prevent the use of pharmaceutical compositions which contain, in addition to the actual active substance, breakdown products thereof, for example. In such cases the content of active substance in the capsules might be less than that specified.

The absorption of moisture reduces the content of pharmaceutically active substance on account of the weight gain caused by the uptake of water. Pharmaceutical compositions with a tendency to absorb moisture have to be protected from damp during storage, e.g. by the addition of suitable drying agents or by storing the medicament in a damp-proof environment. In addition, the uptake of moisture can reduce the content of pharmaceutically active substance during manufacture if the medicament is exposed to the environment without being protected from damp in any way.

Uniform distribution of the medicament in the formulation is a critical factor, particularly when the medicament has to be given in low doses. To ensure uniform distribution, the particle size of the active substance can be reduced to a suitable level, e.g. by grinding. Another aspect which is important in active substances to be administered by inhalation, e.g. by means of a powder, arises from the fact that only particles of a certain size can be taken into the lungs by inhalation. The particle size of these lung-bound particles (inhalable fraction) is in the sub-micron range. In order to obtain active substances of a corresponding particle size, a grinding process (socalled micronising) is again required.

Since breakdown of the pharmaceutically active substance as a side effect of the grinding (or micronising) has to be avoided as far as possible, in spite of the hard conditions required during the process, it is absolutely essential that the active substance should be highly stable throughout the grinding process. Only if the active substance is sufficiently stable during the grinding process is it possible to produce a homogeneous pharmaceutical formulation which always contains the specified amount of active substance in reproducible manner.

Another problem which may arise in the grinding process for preparing the desired pharmaceutical formulation is the input of energy caused by this process and the stress on the surface of the crystals. This may in certain circumstances lead to polymorphous changes, to a change in the amorphous configuration or to a change in the crystal lattice. Since the pharmaceutical quality of a pharmaceutical formulation requires that the active substance should always have the same crystalline morphology, the stability and properties of the crystalline active substance are subject to stringent requirements from this point of view as well.

The stability of a pharmaceutically active substance is also important in pharmaceutical compositions for determining the shelf life of the particular medicament; the shelf life is the length of time during which the medicament can be administered without any risk. High stability of a medicament in the abovementioned pharmaceutical compositions under various storage conditions is therefore an additional advantage for both the patient and the manufacturer.

Apart from the requirements indicated above, it should be generally borne in mind that any change to the solid state of a pharmaceutical composition which is capable of improving its physical and chemical stability gives a significant advantage over less stable forms of the same medicament.

Advantageously, one or more aspects or embodiments of the invention may provide a new, stable crystalline form of the compound tiotropium bromide which meets the stringent requirements imposed on pharmaceutically active substances as mentioned above.

Detailed description of the invention It has been found that, depending on the choice of conditions which can be used when purifying the crude product obtained after industrial manufacture, tiotropium bromide occurs in various crystalline modifications.

It has been found that these different modifications can be deliberately produced by selecting the solvents used for the crystallisation as well as by a suitable choice of the process conditions used in the crystallisation process.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the monohydrate of tiotropium bromide, which can be obtained in crystalline form by choosing specific reaction conditions, meets the stringent requirements mentioned above and thus solves the problem on which the present invention is based. Accordingly the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate.

According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for preparing crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide. This preparation process is characterised in that tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example by the method disclosed in EP 418 716 Al, is taken up in water, the mixture obtained is heated and finally the hydrates of tiotropium bromide are crystallised while cooling slowly.

The present invention further relates to crystalline hydrates of tiotropium bromide which may be obtained by the above method.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a process for preparing crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is described in more detail hereinafter.

In order to prepare the crystalline monohydrate according to the present invention, a) tiotropium bromide is taken up in water, b) the mixture obtained is heated, c) activated charcoal is added and d) after the removal of the activated charcoal, tiotropium bromide monohydrate is slowly crystallised with slow cooling of the aqueous solution.

The method described below is preferably used according to the invention.

In a suitably dimensioned reaction vessel the solvent is mixed with tiotropium bromide, which has been obtained for example according to the method disclosed in EP 418 716 Al.

0.4 to 1.5 kg, preferably 0.6 to 1 kg, most preferably about 0.8 kg of water are used as solvent per mole of tiotropium bromide used. The mixture obtained is heated with stirring, preferably to more than 500C, most preferably to more than 600C. The maximum temperature which can be selected will be determined by the boiling point of the solvent used, i.e. water. Preferably the mixture is heated to a range from 900C.

Activated charcoal, dry or moistened with water, is added to this solution. 10 to 50 g, more preferably 15 to 35 g, most preferably about 25 g of activated charcoal are put in per mole of tiotropium bromide used. If desired, the activated charcoal is suspended in water before being added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide. 70 to 200 g, preferably 100 to 160 g, most preferably about 135 g water are used to suspend the activated charcoal, per mole of tiotropium bromide used. If the activated charcoal is suspended in water prior to being added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide, it is advisable to rinse with the same amount of water.

After the activated charcoal has been added, stirring is continued at constant temperature for between 5 and 60 minutes, preferably between 10 and 30 minutes, most preferably about 15 minutes, and the mixture obtained is filtered to remove the activated charcoal. The filter is then rinsed with water. 140 to 400 g, preferably 200 to 320 g, most preferably about 270 g of water are used for this, per mole of tiotropium bromide used.

The filtrate is then slowly cooled, preferably to a temperature of 20-25 0 C. The cooling is preferably carried out at a cooling rate of 1 to 10°C per 10 to 30 minutes, preferably 2 to 8 0 C per 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably 3 to 5 0 C per 10 to minutes, most preferably 3 to 5 0 C roughly per 20 minutes. If desired, the cooling to 20 to 25 0 C may be followed by further cooling to below 20 0 C, most preferably to to 15 0

C.

Once the filtrate has cooled, it is stirred for between 20 minutes and 3 hours, preferably between 40 minutes and 2 hours, most preferably about one hour, to complete the crystallisation.

The crystals formed are finally isolated by filtering or suction filtering the solvent. If it proves necessary to subject the crystals obtained to another washing step, it is advisable to use water or acetone as the washing solvent. 0.1 to 1.0 I, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 I, most preferably about 0.3 1 solvent are used, per mole of tiotropium bromide, to wash the tiotropium bromide monohydrate crystals obtained. If desired the washing step may be repeated.

The product obtained is dried in vacuo or using circulating hot air until a water content of 2.5 4.0 is obtained.

One aspect of the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which can be obtained using the method described above.

The tiotropium bromide monohydrate obtainable using the method described above was investigated by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The DSC diagram shows two characteristic signals. The first, relatively broad, endothermic signal between 50-120 0 C can be attributed to the dehydration of the tiotropium bromide monohydrate into the anhydrous form. The second, relatively sharp, endothermic peak at 230 5 0 C can be put down to the melting of the substance (Figure This data was obtained using a Mettler DSC 821 and evaluated using the Mettler STAR software package. The data was recorded at a heating rate of 10 K/min.

Since the substance melts with decomposition incongruent melting process), the melting point observed depends to a great extent on the heating rate. At lower heating rates, the melting/decomposition process is observed at significantly lower temperatures, e.g. at 220 5 °C with a heating rate of 3 K/min. It is also possible that the melting peak may be split. The split is all the more apparent the lower the heating rate in the DSC experiment.

6 The present invention is therefore directed to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised, according to Figure 1, by an endothermic peak at 230 0 C 5 0 C) at a heating rate of 10 K/min.

The tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterised by IR spectroscopy. The data was obtained using a Nicolet FTIR spectrometer and evaluated with the Nicolet OMNIC software package, version 3.1. The measurement was carried out with 2.5pmol of tiotropium bromide monohydrate in 300 mg of KBr.

The IR spectrum obtained is shown in Figure 2.

Table 1 shows some of the essential bands of the IR spectrum.

Table 1: Attribution of specific bands Wave number (cm- 1 Attribution Type of oscillation 3570, 410 O-H elongated oscillation 3105 Aryl C-H elongated oscillation 1730 C=O elongated oscillation 1260 Epoxide C-0 elongated oscillation 1035 Ester C-OC elongated oscillation 720 Thiophene cyclic oscillation Accordingly, the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised according to Figure 2 by an IR spectrum which has bands at wave numbers 3570, 3410, 3105, 1730, 1260, 1035 and 720 inter alia.

The tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention was characterised by X-ray structural analysis. The measurements of X-ray diffraction intensity were carried out on an AFC7R- 4-circuit diffractometer (Rigaku) using monochromatic copper K, radiation. The structural solution and refinement of the crystal structure were obtained by direct methods (SHELXS86 Program) and FMLQ-refinement (TeXsan Program). Experimental details of the crystalline structure, structural resolution and refinement are collected in Table 2.

7 Table 2: Experimental data on the analysis of the crystalline structure of tiotropium bromide monohydrate.

A. Crystal data Empirical formula

[CIH

2 2

NO

4 S] Br H 2 0 Weight of formula 472.43 18.00 colour and shape of crystals colourless, prismatic dimensions of crystals 0.2 x 0.3 x 0.3 mm crystal system monoclinic lattice type primitive space group P 2 1 /n lattice constants a 18.0774 A, b 11.9711 A c 9.9321 A 3 102.691° V 2096.96 A 3 formula units per elementary cell 4 B. Measurements of intensity Diffractometer X-ray generator wavelength current, voltage take-off angle crystal assembly crystal-detector gap detector opening temperature determining the lattice constants Scan Type Scan speed Scan width measured independent reflexes corrections Rigaku AFC7R Rigaku RU200 A= 1.54178A (monochromatic copper K.-radiation) 50kV, 100mA 6 o steam-saturated capillary 235mm 3.0 mm vertical and horizontal 18° 25 reflexes (50.8° 20 56.2') 8.0 32.07/min in w (0.58 0.30 tan 0) 120' 5193 3281 Rt=0.051) Lorentz polarisation Absorption (Transmission factors 0.56 1.00) crystal decay 10.47% decay C. Refinement Reflections (I 301) Variable ratio of reflections/parameters R-values: R, Rw 1978 254 7.8 0.062, 0.066 The X-ray structural analysis carried out showed that crystalline tiotropium bromide hydrate has a simple monoclinic cell with the following dimensions: a 18.0774 A, b 11.9711 A, c 9.9321 A, 0 102.691 V 2096.96 A3.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate which is characterised by the elementary cell described above.

The atomic coordinates described in Table 3 were determined by the above X-ray structural analysis: Table 3: Coordinates Atom Br(1) S(1) S(2) 0(1) 0(2) 0(3) 0(4) N(1) C(1) C(2) C(3) C(4) C(6) C(7) C(8) C(9) C(11) C(12)

I

0.63938(7) 0.2807(2) 0.4555(3) 0.2185(4) 0.3162(4) 0.3188(4) 0.0416(4) 0.8185(5) 0.0111(4) 0.2895(5) 0.3330(5) 0.3004(5) 0.4173(5) 0.1635(5) 0.1435(5) 0.0989(6) 0.0382(5) 0.0761(6) 0.1014(6) 0.0785(5) -0.0632(6) 0.0490(1) 0.8774(3) 0.6370(4) 0.7372(6) 0.6363(8) 0.9012(5) 0.9429(6) 0.0004(8) 0.7607(6) 0.7107(9) 0.7876(8) 0.7672(8) 0.7650(8) 0.6746(9) 0.7488(9) 0.6415(8) 0.7325(9) 0.840(1) 0.8974(8) 0.8286(8) 0.826(1) z 0.2651(1) 0.1219(3) 0.4214(5) 0.4365(8) 0.5349(9) 0.4097(6) 0.3390(8) 0.2629(9) 0.4752(7) 0.4632(9) 0.3826(8) 0.2296(8) 0.4148(8) 0.497(1) 0.6085(9) 0.378(1) 0.3439(9) 0.315(1) 0.443(1) 0.5540(9) 0.444(1) u (eq) 0.0696(4) 0.086(1) 0.141(2) 0.079(3) 0.106(3) 0.058(2) 0.085(3) 0.106(3) 0.052(2) 0.048(3) 0.048(3) 0.046(3) 0.052(3) 0.062(3) 0.057(3) 0.059(3) 0.056(3) 0.064(3) 0.060(3) 0.053(3) 0.086(4) continuation of Table 3: Coordinates Atom C(13) C(14) 0(1 6) C(1 7) 0(1 8) C(1 9) H(1) H(2) H(3) H(4) H(6) H(7) H(8) H(9) H(1 0) H( 1) H(1 2) H(13) H(14) H(16) H(17) H(18) H(1 9) H(21) H(22) x, y, z: fractional x -0.0063(6) 0.4747(4) 0.2839(5) 0.528(2) 0.5445(5) 0.2552(6) 0.2507(6) -0.0767 -0.0572 -0.1021 -0.0210 -0.0463 0.0377 0.1300 0.1873 0.1190 0.0762 0.1873 -0.0025 0.1084 0.1498 0.0658 0.2906 0.2406 0.2328 0.4649 0.5729 0.5930 0.8192 0.7603 coordinates; Yz u (eg) 0.6595(9) 0.8652(9) 0.6644(9) 0.818(2) 0.702(2) 0.684(1) 0.792(1) 0.8453 0.8919 0.7810 0.6826 0.6178 0.6134 0.7026 0.7915 0.6284 0.5750 0.6082 0.7116 0.8383 0.9329 0.8734 0 .5927 0.6258 0.8191 0.9443 0.8656 0.6651 -0.0610 0.0105 0.554(1) 0.430(1) 0.1629(9) 0.445(2) 0.441(1) 0.019(1) -0.016(1) 0.5286 0.3949 0.3906 0.6359 0.4982 0.5781 0.6770 0.6490 0.2985 0.4016 0.5393 0.2699 0.2506 0.4626 0.6250 0.2065 -0.0469 -0.1075 0.4254 0.4660 0.4477 0.1619 0.2412 0.062(3) 0.030(2) 0.055(3) 0.22(1) 0.144(6) 0.079(4) 0.080(4) 0.102 0.102 0.102 0.073 0.073 0.073 0.069 0.069 0.069 0.069 0.073 0.066 0.075 0.071 0.063 0.065 0.094 0.097 0.037 0.268 0.165 0.084 0.084 U(eq) mean quadratic amplitude of atomic movement in the crystal; According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate as a medicament in the light of the pharmaceutical efficacy of the hydrate according to the invention, and a medicament characterised in that it contains tiotropium bromide monohydrate.

P \OPER\PDB\Spci2002214996 2 spa doc-2301/2007 -9A- The invention further provides use of crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases in which the administration of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic benefit, and a method of treating diseases in which the administration of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic effect which comprises administering an effective amount of crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to the invention.

To prepare a medicament which can be inhaled, particularly an inhalable powder, which contains the crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate described by the present invention, methods known from the prior art may be used. In this respect, reference is made, for example, to the teaching of DE-A-179 22 07. Accordingly a further aspect of the present invention relates to inhalable powders characterised in that they contain tiotropium bromide monohydrate.

In view of the anticholinergic effects of tiotropium bromide monohydrate a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of tiotropium bromide monohydrate for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases in which the use of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic benefit. It is preferably used for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating asthma or COPD.

The following example of synthesis serves to illustrate a method of preparing crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate carried out by way of example. It is to be regarded only as a possible method described by way of example, without restricting the invention to its contents.

Example of synthesis In a suitable reaction vessel 15.0 kg of tiotropium bromide are added to 25.7 kg of water. The mixture is heated to 80-90 0 C and stirred at constant temperature until a clear solution is formed. Activated charcoal (0.8 kg), moistened with water, is suspended in 4.4 kg of water, this mixture is added to the solution containing the tiotropium bromide and rinsed with 4.3 kg of water. The mixture thus obtained is stirred for at least 15 min at 80-90°C and then filtered through a heated filter into an apparatus which has been preheated to an outer temperature of 70 0 C. The filter is rinsed with 8.6 kg of water. The contents of the apparatus are cooled to a temperature of 20-25 0 C at a rate of 3-5 0 C per 20 minutes. The apparatus is further cooled to 10-15 C using cold water, and the crystallisation is completed by stirring for at least one hour. The crystals are isolated using a suction filter drier, the crystal slurry isolated is washed with 9 1 of cold water (10-15°C) and cold acetone 0 The crystals obtained are dried at 25 0 C for 2 hours in a nitrogen current.

Yield 13.4 kg of tiotropium bromide monohydrate (86 of theory) P:\OPERgc\2002214996 amnd doc- 17/O03 Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia.

Claims

18.0774 A, b 11.9711 A, c 9.9321 A, 3 102.691", V 2096.96 A 3 Process for preparing crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that a) tiotropium bromide is taken up in water, b) the mixture obtained is heated, c) activated charcoal is added and d) after the removal of the activated charcoal, tiotropium bromide monohydrate is slowly crystallised with slow cooling of the aqueous solution. 6) Process according to claim 5, characterised in that a) 0.4 to 1.5 kg of water are used per mole of tiotropium bromide put in, b) the mixture obtained is heated to more than 50 0 C, c) 10 to 50 g of activated charcoal are used per mole of tiotropium bromide used and after the activated charcoal has been added stirring is continued for between 5 and 60 minutes, d) the mixture obtained is filtered, the filtrate obtained is cooled to a temperature of 20-25 0 C at a cooling rate of 1 to 10°C per 10 to 30 minutes and the tiotropium bromide monohydrate is thus crystallised. 7) Medicament, characterised in that it contains crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to one of claims 1 to 4. 8) Medicament according to claim 6, characterised in that it is an P AOPERPDBSpiUO22I4996 2Vps dom.2301107 -12- inhalable powder. 9) Use of crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to one of claims 1 to 4 for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases in which the administration of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic benefit. Use according to claim 9, characterised in that the diseases are asthma or COPD. 11) Process for preparing crystalline monohydrate of tiotropium bromide, characterised in that tiotropium bromide is taken up in water, the mixture obtained is heated and finally the monohydrate of tiotropium bromide is crystallised with slow cooling. 12) Crystalline monohydrate of tiotropium bromide, obtained by the process according to claim 6 or 11. 13) Crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any of claims 1-4, for the amelioration or prevention of diseases in which the administration of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic effect. 14) Crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any of claims 1-4, for the amelioration or prevention of asthma or COPD. Method of treating diseases in which the administration of an anticholinergic agent may have a therapeutic effect which comprises administering an effective amount of crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any of claims 1-4. 16) Method of treating asthma or COPD in a subject which comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate according to any of claims 1-4. 17) Crystalline tiotropium bromide monohydrate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the example. P AOPER\PDBSpMIA20221 4996 2s d.23)01/207 13- 18) Process for the preparation of crystalline monohydrate of tiotropium bromide according to claim 5 or 11 substantially as hereinbefore described and/or exemplified. 19) A medicament according to claim 7 or a use according to claim 9 or a method according to claim 15 substantially as hereinbefore described and/or exemplified.