RU236811U1 - Hammer crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

Utility model object: hammer crusher. Application area: grain processing industry and agriculture, where grain crushing devices are used. The essence of the utility model: in a hammer crusher consisting of a housing, a loading neck, an air discharge pipe with a filter, an unloading pipe, a sieve, an engine, a crushing chamber with a hammer rotor located therein with a distribution cone and blades in the form of triangular prisms, the large sides of the base of which are facing the direction of movement of the rotor, the distribution cone is made with tautochronous guides made in the form of blades with a decreasing height towards the base of the cone, and the large sides of the base of the prism of the blades are made in the form of brachistochronous surfaces. Technical result: an increase in the quality of the crushing process and a decrease in the energy intensity of the process are ensured.

Description

The utility model relates to the processing industry, in particular to devices for grinding grain, and can be used in the grain processing industry and agriculture.

A vertical hammer crusher is known, containing loading pipes, a crushing chamber with a sieve inside which a rotor is located, consisting of a shaft, steel disks, axles, spacer bushings and hammers, which are rectangular metal plates with two axial holes at the ends [Patent RU No. 33877. IPC B02C 9/02. Vertical hammer crusher. / Published. 20.11.2003; Bulletin No. 32].

The disadvantage of this crusher design is that due to the small area of separation of the finished product through the sieve and the irrational movement of the processed material through the grinding chamber, the material is over-grinded, specific energy consumption increases and the throughput capacity decreases.

A crusher is known that contains a loading hopper, a housing, a hammer rotor located in a crushing chamber formed by a deck that completely encloses the hammer rotor along the perimeter, and a separator adjacent to the deck from the end surface [Patent RU No. 14015. IPC B02C 13/00. Crusher./Published 27.06.2000; Bulletin No. 18].

The disadvantage of this crusher design is that due to the uneven feed of the processed material into the grinding chamber, the material is over-grinded and the specific energy consumption increases.

A hammer crusher is known, selected as a prototype, consisting of a housing, a loading neck, an air discharge pipe with a filter, a discharge pipe, a sieve, an engine, a grinding chamber with a hammer rotor located in it with a distribution cone and blades in the form of triangular prisms, the large sides of the base of which are facing the direction of movement of the rotor [Patent RU No. 2716057. IPC B02C 13/00. Hammer crusher. / Published 05.03.2020; Bulletin No. 7].

The disadvantage of a hammer crusher is the low efficiency of the grinding process, due to the irrational movement of the processed material in the grinding chamber, which is characterized by the chaotic movement of the supplied and crushed material in the grinding zone. All this leads to increased energy consumption of the process and unevenness of the fractional composition of the crushed particles.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is based on the improvement of the hammer crusher due to the modernization of the design of the working surfaces of the distribution cone and rotor blades, which ensures an increase in the quality of the grinding process and a decrease in the energy intensity of the process.

The technical result is achieved in that in a hammer crusher consisting of a housing, a loading neck, an air discharge pipe with a filter, an unloading pipe, a sieve, a motor, a grinding chamber with a hammer rotor located therein with a distribution cone and blades in the form of triangular prisms, the large sides of the base of which are facing the direction of movement of the rotor, according to the utility model, the distribution cone is made with tautochronous guides made in the form of blades with a decreasing height towards the base of the cone, and the large sides of the base of the prism of the blades are made in the form of brachistochronous surfaces.

Such a combination of essential features as the implementation of the distribution cone with tautochrone guides in the form of blades with a decreasing height toward the base of the cone allows for uniform and simultaneous delivery of all particles of different fractions to the grinding zone regardless of where they hit the distribution cone, since tautochrone is a curve of equal times [Vasilenko P.M. Theory of particle motion on rough surfaces of agricultural machinery / P.M. Vasilenko. - Kyiv: Publ. UASKhN, 1960. - 283 p], while the implementation of blades with a decreasing height toward the base of the cone also ensures additional uniformity of delivery of all particles to the grinding zone, since with an increase in the diameter of the distribution cone, the rate of particle descent from the blades increases, and a decrease in the height of the blades toward the base of the cone allows for the alignment of the path of particle descent from the blades. In this case, the execution of the large sides of the base of the prism of the blades in the form of brachistochronic surfaces ensures the maximum speed of movement of crushed particles with minimal friction [Vasilenko P.M. Theory of particle motion on rough surfaces of agricultural machines / P.M. Vasilenko. - Kyiv: Publ. UAAShN, 1960. - 283 p], which makes it possible to increase the reliability and energy of the collision of uncrushed particles with the rotor hammers, due to which the quality of the crushing process is improved and the energy intensity of the process is reduced.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a general view of a hammer crusher;

Fig. 2 - top view of the distribution cone;

in Fig. 3 - a blade of a distribution cone;

Fig. 4 - diagram of the arrangement of a prism with a brachistochrone surface.

The hammer crusher consists of a housing 1, a loading neck 2, an air discharge pipe 3 with a filter 4, an unloading pipe 5, a grinding chamber 6 with a rotor 7 and hammers 8 located therein. The rotor 7 is driven by an engine 9. The grinding chamber 6 is formed by a sieve 10, a loading neck 2 and a housing 1. A distribution cone 11 and blades 12 in the form of triangular prisms are mounted on the disk of the rotor 7, the large sides of the base of which are facing the direction of movement of the rotor 7. The distribution cone 11 is made with tautochronous guides 13, made in the form of blades 14 with a decreasing height toward the base of the cone 11, and the large sides of the base of the prism of the blades 12 are made in the form of brachistochronous surfaces 15.

The hammer crusher operates as follows. The material is loaded into the loading throat 2 and fed to the cone 11. The cone 11 prevents the material from hanging in the loading throat 2, promotes uniform feeding of the crushed material along the perimeter of the rotor 7 and ensures uniform loading of all the blades 12 due to the presence of tautochronous guides 13 on its surface, made in the form of blades 14 with a decreasing height toward the base. Under the action of the blades 12, the material increases its radial velocity due to movement along the brachistochronous surfaces 15, is uniformly distributed along the height of the crushing chamber 6 and is subject to the action of the hammers 8 of the rotor 7. As a result of the repeated action of the hammers 8 on the material in the crushing chamber 6, the material is crushed. The air flow created by the rotor blades 12 of the hammer crusher evenly distributes the rotating air-product layer over the entire surface of the sieve 10. The crushed material is sifted not only through the sieve 10, which envelops the rotor 7, but also through the sieve 10, located in the upper part of the crushing chamber. The finished product is removed from the hammer crusher through the discharge branch pipe 5. The excess pressure of the air flow created by the rotor 7 is reduced by removing air through the air discharge branch pipe 3 with the filter 4. The grinding coarseness is regulated by the size of the openings of the sieve 10.

Claims (1)

A hammer crusher consisting of a housing, a loading neck, an air discharge pipe with a filter, a discharge pipe, a sieve, a motor, a grinding chamber with a hammer rotor located therein with a distribution cone and blades in the form of triangular prisms, the large sides of the base of which are facing the direction of movement of the rotor, characterized in that the distribution cone is made with tautochronous guides made in the form of blades with a decreasing height toward the base of the cone, and the large sides of the base of the prism of the blades are made in the form of brachistochronous surfaces.