RU234877U1 - Hammer crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the processing industry, in particular to devices for grinding grain, and can be used in the grain processing industry. Field of application: grain processing industry and agriculture, where devices for grinding grain are used. In a hammer crusher comprising a housing in which a rotor with hammer packs is installed, cutoff valves forming channels made in the form of brachistochronic surfaces, a loading and unloading device, an air bleed channel, the upper forming channel is made in the form of convex profile guide elements creating channels expanding towards the outlet, and the lower forming channel is made in the form of a sieve and forms, together with the rear wall of the housing made with a brachistochronic surface, a separation channel communicated with the unloading device. Technical result: the quality of the grinding process is improved, the circulating load in the grinding chamber and the energy intensity of the process are reduced.

Description

The utility model relates to the processing industry, in particular to devices for grinding grain, and can be used in the grain processing industry.

Known are grain crushers comprising a housing in which a rotor with hammer packs, a rotating ribbed deck, a sieve, a rotary valve, cut-off devices, and loading and unloading devices are installed [USSR A.S. No. 1667923. Hammer crusher. IPC B02C 13/02 (Bulletin No. 29. 1991, USSR A.S. No. 1787530. Hammer crusher. IPC B02C 13/02. Bulletin No. 2. 1993).

The disadvantage of crushers is the presence of an air gap on the working faces of the hammers during the crushing process, which prevents their hard impact effect on the crushed material, which reduces the efficiency of the crushing process.

A hammer crusher is known, comprising a housing in which a rotor with hammer packs, cutters forming channels, loading and unloading devices, and an air bleed channel are installed (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2031711. IPC B02C 13/02. Published: 27.03.1995).

The disadvantage of a hammer crusher is the low efficiency of the crushing process, due to the irrational movement of the processed material and the air gap in the crushing chamber, which is characterized by the chaotic movement of the crushed material when it is hit by hammer blows.

A hammer crusher is known, selected as a prototype, containing a housing in which a rotor with hammer packs is installed, cutoff devices that form channels made in the form of brachistochronic surfaces, loading and unloading devices, an air bleed channel (Patent for Utility Model of the Russian Federation No. 228228. IPC B02C 13/00. Published: 20.08.2024, Bulletin No. 23).

The disadvantage of a hammer crusher is the low efficiency of the grinding process, due to the irrational movement of the processed material through the grinding chamber, characterized by chaotic movement of the crushed material when it is hit by hammers, which leads to over-grinding and a decrease in the quality of the resulting product.

The utility model is based on the task of improving a hammer crusher by modernizing the design of the working surfaces of the forming channels and installing a separation channel in the area of the forming channels, which ensures an increase in the quality of the grinding process and a decrease in the energy intensity of the process.

The stated problem is solved in that in a hammer crusher comprising a housing in which a rotor with hammer packs is installed, cut-off devices forming channels made in the form of brachistochronic surfaces, loading and unloading devices, an air bleed channel, according to the utility model, the upper forming channel is made in the form of convex profile guide elements creating channels expanding towards the outlet, and the lower forming channel is made in the form of a sieve and forms, together with the rear wall of the housing made with a brachistochronic surface, a separation channel communicating with the unloading device.

Such a combination of essential features as the execution of the upper forming channel in the form of guide elements of a convex profile, creating channels expanding towards the outlet and the execution of the lower forming channel in the form of a sieve with the formation, together with the rear wall of the housing, made with a surface of brachistochronic properties of the separation channel, communicated with the unloading device, will allow to exclude the entry of small particles into repeated grinding, their timely removal from the crushing zone, thereby increasing the productivity of crushing and reducing the energy intensity of the process.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings:

Fig. 1 shows the process flow diagram of a hammer crusher;

Fig. 2 – view A of the upper forming channel in Fig. 1.

The crusher comprises a working chamber (housing) 1, a rotor 2 with hammer packs 3, an air bleed channel 4, a loading device 5, an upper forming channel 6 with a surface 7 of brachistochronic property, a lower forming channel 8, cut-off valves 9, and a discharge device 10. The upper forming channel 6 is made in the form of guide elements 11 of a convex profile, creating channels 12 expanding towards the outlet. The lower forming channel 8 is made in the form of a sieve 13 and forms, together with the rear wall of the housing 1, made with a surface 14 of brachistochronic property, a separation channel 15, communicated with the discharge device 10.

The crusher operates as follows. After the crusher is started, the rotor 2 with the hammer packs 3 begins to rotate and move the air flow, which is in the working chamber 1. When one of the hammer packs approaches the air exhaust channel 4, the air, which is on the working faces of the hammers, is discharged through it into the atmosphere due to centrifugal force. The hammer pack at the next moment makes a hard impact on the crushed material, which comes out of the loading device 5. Having flown off from the hammer pack, the crushed particles of grain material are collected in the upper forming channel 6 and, being distributed in an even layer over the surface 7 of the brachistochronic property of the guide elements 11 of the convex profile, are removed from it at maximum speed. In this case, particles, the size of which is smaller than the size of the channel 12, are separated into the lower forming channel 8. Large particles, when leaving the forming channel 6, again fall under the impact action of the next hammer pack and are crushed. Having flown away from this package, the particles are collected in the lower forming channel 8 and are removed from it in a uniform layer over the surface of the sieve 13 of brachistochronic property. Here, additional separation of particles occurs through the openings of the sieve 13. Large particles, when leaving the sieve 13, are also directed at maximum speed under the impact action of the next package of hammers, after which the crushed material is fed into the unloading device 10. Small particles separated through the sieve 13 enter the separation channel 15 and are removed from the crusher through the unloading device 10. The next package of hammers, having been freed from air by means of the air outlet channel 4 and centrifugal force, interacts with the next part of the grain material, which comes out of the loading device 5, etc.

Thus, the implementation of the upper forming channel in the form of convex profile guide elements, creating channels that expand towards the outlet, and the forming channel in the form of a sieve, which together with the rear wall of the housing forms a separation channel, ensures a more uniform distribution of grain material in the grinding chamber. This is achieved due to the timely removal of small particles from the crushing zone. As a result, overgrinding is reduced, the quality of the process is improved and energy consumption is reduced.

Claims (1)

A hammer crusher comprising a housing in which a rotor with hammer packs is installed, cut-off devices that form channels made in the form of brachistochronic surfaces, a loading and unloading device, an air bleed channel, characterized in that the upper forming channel is made in the form of convex profile guide elements that create channels that expand toward the outlet, and the lower forming channel is made in the form of a sieve and forms, together with the rear wall of the housing made with a brachistochronic surface, a separation channel that communicates with the unloading device.