RU2412764C1 - Disintegrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for crushing various materials and may be used in production of construction materials and other industries. Disintegrator comprises cylindrical housing with axial loading and tangential discharging branch pipes, top and bottom horizontal plates revolving in opposite direction and supporting impact elements rigidly fixed thereon, each being arranged between impact elements of opposite plate. It comprises also ejecting branch pipes arranged at the angle to loading branch pipe outlet. Separating cone is rigidly fitted at loading branch pipe outlet on revolving shaft and coupled with lateral walls of ejecting branch pipes by means of accelerating vanes. Lower surface of ejecting branch pipes carry venting vanes rigidly fixed thereon. Note here that gap between outer face of venting vanes and impact elements on the first inner line makes 0.1Ç0.3 d, where d is minimum grain size of crushed material. ^ EFFECT: higher efficiency. ^ 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for grinding various materials and can be used in the production of building materials, as well as in other industries.

A known design of a disintegrator comprising a cylindrical body with axial loading and unloading nozzles, horizontally arranged disks with shock elements fixed along concentric circles. The lower disk is equipped with a number of tangentially located shock elements, which together with the perforated ring of the upper disk form an annular chamber loaded with grinding media (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1526821, class V02C 13/14, 1988).

A disintegrator is also known, comprising a housing in which horizontal disks are coaxially placed one above the other, the shock elements of which are mounted on the sides of the squares with a common center (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1694211, class V02C 13/22, 1989).

The disadvantages of the known designs are the lack of efficiency of the grinding process and low productivity.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a disintegrator containing a cylindrical body with axial loading and tangential unloading nozzles and with upper and lower horizontal disks placed in a cylindrical body with the possibility of counter rotation, with shock elements fixed along concentric circles, each of which is located between the shock elements of the opposite drive. At the exit of the axial loading nozzle, at an angle to the upper horizontal disk, scattering nozzles are installed, bent in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the upper disk, and at the end of each of the spreading nozzles a diffuser is fixed with a smaller base, the larger diameter D of which is (0.6-0, 8) h, where h is the height of the shock elements, and the angle of inclination α of the spreading pipes is greater than the angle of repose of the material being crushed, while the distance between the ends of the diffusers and the shock elements flushes the maximum size of ground particles, in addition, on the lower horizontal disc at the spreading nozzles fixedly installed apparatus for the uniform distribution of the material on the perimeter of the working chamber (RF patent №2291745, V02S 13/22).

However, this disintegrator is characterized by a low efficiency of the grinding process due to the insufficient speed of particles of the crushed material from the center of rotation of the spreading nozzles to the periphery of the grinding chamber, which generally reduces the disintegrator performance in the finished class of crushed material.

The invention is aimed at improving the efficiency of the grinding process.

This is achieved by the fact that in a disintegrator containing a cylindrical body with axial loading and tangential unloading nozzles and with upper and lower horizontal disks placed in a cylindrical body with the possibility of counter rotation with shock elements rigidly fixed along concentric circles, each of which is located between the shock elements of the opposite discs, scattering nozzles installed at an angle at the outlet of the axial loading nozzle, according to the proposed solution on for rotation, at the outlet of the loading nozzle, a separation cone is rigidly fixed, connected to the side walls of the spreading nozzles by means of accelerating blades, ventilation blades are rigidly fixed on the lower surface of the spreading nozzles, while the technological gap between the outer end of the ventilation blades and the shock elements of the first inner row is b = 0 , 1 ... 0,3d, where d is the minimum particle size of the crushed material.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a grinding chamber of the disintegrator, a cross section aa; figure 2 - camera grinding disintegrator, a longitudinal section BB.

The disintegrator consists of a cylindrical housing 1, in the lateral part of which a discharge device is installed in the form of a tangential discharge pipe 2, and in the center on the upper part of the cylindrical housing 1 is installed, for example, in a bearing support (not shown), mounted on the cylindrical housing 1 with a bolt connection, the axial loading pipe 3 rotatably, while the rotation of the axial loading pipe receives from the electric motor through a V-belt transmission (not shown). To the lower end of the axial loading nozzle 3 is rigidly fixed, for example by bolting, the upper horizontal disk 4, which contains the shock elements 5 located along its concentric circles.

In the lower part of the cylindrical housing 1, a lower horizontal disk 6 is mounted rotatably on a shaft 7 mounted in a bearing assembly (not shown) mounted on the lower surface of the outer side of the cylindrical housing 1, for example, by a bolted connection. The lower horizontal disk 6 receives rotation from the electric motor through a V-belt drive (not shown).

The upper horizontal disk 4, as well as the lower horizontal disk 6, contain percussion elements 5 and 8 arranged in concentric circles, and the percussion elements 5 of the upper horizontal disk 4 are located between the percussion elements 8 of the lower horizontal disk 6. The percussion elements of the first inner row have a circular transverse section, impact elements on subsequent rows have a flat working surface. The upper horizontal disk 4 and the lower horizontal disk 6 together with the inner surface of the housing 1 form a grinding chamber.

At the exit of the axial loading nozzle 3 under the upper horizontal disk 4 are rigidly fixed at an angle to it, for example, press-fit spreaders 9 are pressed in. The angle of inclination of the spreading nozzles 9 to the upper horizontal disk 4 is greater than the angle of repose of the material being ground, which facilitates the flow of material from the axial loading nozzle 3 to the drum percussion elements. The angle of the spreading nozzles 9 to the upper horizontal disk 4 may be 20-25 °. The distance α between the shock elements 8 of the first inner row and the ends of the spreading pipes 9 should be greater than the maximum particle size of the crushed material supplied to the disintegrator to prevent jamming of the material in the spreading pipes. For the same purpose, the inner diameter of the spreading pipe 9 should be larger than the maximum particle size of the crushed material. On the axis of rotation at the outlet of the loading nozzle, a separating cone 10 is fixedly fixed, connected to the side walls of the spreading nozzles 9 by means of accelerating blades 11. The separating cone 10 prevents the accumulation of crushed material at the outlet of the axial loading nozzle. The accelerating blades 11 provide an increase in the radial component of the speed of movement of the crushed material in the spreading nozzles 9. On the lower surface of the spreading nozzles, the ventilation blades 12 are rigidly fixed. If the ventilation blades are fixed on the lower horizontal disk, the efficiency of the disintegrator is reduced due to the fact that air swirls between the spreading nozzles and lower disc rotating in opposite directions.

If there are ventilation blades 12 on the lower surface of the spreading nozzles 9, an air flow is generated in the direction of the tangential discharge nozzle, which facilitates the movement of the crushed material through the shock elements, which generally increases the grinding efficiency. Since the gap between the ventilation blade and the lower horizontal disk is insignificant (δ = 0.1 ... 0.3d, where d is the minimum particle size of the crushed material), the ventilation blades act as a cleaning device and prevent the material from getting under the spreading nozzles. If the gap between the outer end of the ventilation blades and the shock elements of the first inner row is insignificant (b = 0.1 ... 0.3d), then the ventilation blades provide a re-supply of material particles beaten by the shock elements to the central part of the grinding chamber.

The disintegrator works as follows. The crushed material, for example limestone with a humidity of up to 4%, is sent, for example, by a screw feeder to the axial loading nozzle 3, under the influence of gravity it enters the separation cone 10 and the accelerating blades 11, after which it is sent to the spreading nozzles 9 and under the action of centrifugal forces, arising from the rotation of the spreading nozzles 9, is discarded to the first row of impact elements 8, where partial grinding occurs. After passing the first row of shock elements 8, the material falls into the second and third rows, in which the material is also subjected to intense shock and abrasion loads (figure 2). After passing through all the rows of shock elements, the finished product is discharged from the disintegrator through the tangential discharge pipe 2.

If there is no dividing cone at the exit of the axial loading nozzle, there is a possibility of accumulation of the crushed material in the central part before the accelerating blades and spreading nozzles, which complicates the passage of material from the loading nozzle to the rows of impact elements.

If there are no accelerating blades in the grinding chamber of the disintegrator, the crushed material is moved to the zone of operation of the spreading pipes with insufficient radial speed, which reduces the throughput of the spreading pipes, the concentration of material in the peripheral part of the grinding chamber and the performance of the cage as a whole.

If there are no ventilation blades on the bottom surface of the spreading nozzles, the ventilation effect is reduced and crushed material may fall under the spreading nozzles, which complicates the work of the disintegrator.

Thus, the use of spreading nozzles with the claimed design changes in connection with the other elements of the disintegrator allows you to increase the number of interactions of the particles of material between themselves and the shock elements, crushing force and to increase the effect of destruction of the material from the action of abrasive forces, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the grinding increase the productivity of the disintegrator in the finished class of crushed material.

Claims (1)

A disintegrator comprising a cylindrical body with axial loading and tangential unloading nozzles and with upper and lower horizontal disks placed in the cylindrical body with the possibility of counter rotation with shock elements rigidly fixed along concentric circles, each of which is located between the shock elements of the opposing disk, scattering nozzles installed at an angle at the exit of the axial loading nozzle, characterized in that on the axis of rotation at the exit of the loading pa the tube is rigidly fixed to the separation cone connected with the side walls of the spreading pipes by means of accelerating blades, ventilation blades are rigidly fixed on the lower surface of the spreading pipes, while the technological gap between the outer end of the ventilation blades and the shock elements of the first inner row is 0.1 ... 0.3d, where d is the minimum particle size of the crushed material.

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