RU2691564C1 - Method for disintegration of lump raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: disintegrators and crushing devices.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of fine grinding and can be used in chemical, construction and other industries when processing solid lumps. Method consists in supply of lump raw material into grinding chamber, inside of which there are two parallel discs. At opposite to each other planes of discs radially with gaps relative to each other are fixed destructing elements-beats for destruction of pieces of raw material by imparting its particles to centrifugal acceleration due to rotation of one of disks and their collision with working chamber side wall and destructive beating elements and extraction of disintegrated raw material from discharge pipe hole in working chamber. At that, pressure gradient is created in gaps between rows of destructive elements of beams of movable and fixed disks, for which in said gaps a high-speed air flow is increased, by means of which vacuum is initiated at the outlet of the loading opening and excess pressure in the discharge branch pipe of the working members. To this end, the surfaces of the movable and fixed discs facing each other are corrugated, wherein the corrugations are made in the form of Laval nozzles dissected in the longitudinal direction, which are uniformly located in the radial direction along the surface of the disks. Tapered part of nozzles is located in direction from loading opening to middle radial rows of beats, and divergent parts of nozzles are located from middle radial rows of beats to discharge hole located in peripheral part of disks. In order to reinforce the ventilation effect, gaps are additionally installed in the gaps, made on the rotor in the form of plates directed from the edges of the large base of the convergent part of the nozzles to the centre of the disc, at that, on the end of the movable disk the ventilation blades are fixed, which are made in the form of hollow cylinders, which are dissected at angle of 45 degrees relative to the direction of rotation of the movable disk. Discharge branch pipe is made in the form of a volute. Unloading channel of unloading branch pipe is made in the form of Laval nozzle directed tangentially to direction of rotation of movable disk. Disintegrated material from the discharge hole for pouring into the storage container is directed to the inner cavity of the collecting funnel made in the form of a truncated hollow cone.EFFECT: method increases efficiency of grinding process with simultaneous reduction of dispersity of raw material particles.1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for fine grinding, mixing, horizontal and vertical transportation, and mechanical activation of materials, including nanostructure, and can be used in chemical, construction and other industries for processing solid lumpy raw materials, in particular waste chemical industries, such as fluoroanhydrite, to the disintegration of lumpy rock mass, which contains particles of the useful component in a separate form, or in rock splices.

There is a method of enrichment of raw materials with metal inclusions. The method includes the supply of raw materials into the working chamber, which has a bottom part and a lid, the impact of destructive elements, the distribution of components that contain and do not contain metal (IM Kelina "Ore dressing", M .: Nedra, 1979 , p. 93).

The disadvantage of this method is its low productivity due to the cyclical nature of the technological cycle of disintegration. The method has limited application, as it allows you to separate the raw materials, which is characterized by low strength, or raw materials, which are represented by joints of strong and not strong components.

The method requires preliminary preparation of raw materials, which adversely affects the cost of the final commercial product.

There is a method of disintegration of lumpy raw materials, which is implemented in the method of enrichment of raw materials with metal inclusions.

The known method involves feeding lumpy raw materials into the limited space of the working chamber, exposing the raw materials in the bottom part to destructive elements, disintegrating the raw materials and imparting centrifugal acceleration to its particles before colliding with the side wall of the working chamber and its lid, removing the disintegrated raw material from the side opening in the working chamber and from its bottom part (Patent of Ukraine for invention №64672).

The disadvantage of this method is that during the disintegration of raw materials, which consists of high-strength particles, the process of their destruction takes a long period of time.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the method described in the patent (SU 1704821 A1, IPC WC 13/22, publ. 01/15/1991). A dismembrator that implements the prototype method comprises a housing within which a rotor and a fixed disk with concentrically mounted rows of pins, loading and unloading nozzles are vertically arranged. In this case, the pins, distributed on a movable disk around a circle located closer to the center of the disk, and made in cross-section in the form of a rectangular shape. The remaining pins mounted on a movable disk are distributed evenly along concentric circles distant from the central part of the disk made in the form of a trapezoidal shape with an angle of inclination of the working planes to the radial plane of 4-6 °. Pins located on concentric circles of a fixed disk are made in the form of an equilateral trapezoid with concave sides 9, the center of curvature of which is located above the smaller base at a distance equal to 0.6-0.8 of the height of the trapezium, and the radius is 2.5-3.0 its height.

The disintegration of raw materials in the method prototype is as follows. The source material through the loading nozzle enters the working chamber, where it is successively crushed on concentrically mounted rows of rotor pins and pins of the fixed disk and is brought out through the unloading nozzle. When the working surfaces of the pins are worn, the rotation of the dismembrator rotor is reversed. The execution of the pins of the specified form and parameters provides a direct central impact with the particles of the comminuted material without sliding and abrasion, which contributes to an increase in the uniformity of the grinding product and the service life of the pins. The ability of the dismembrator to operate in reverse mode also significantly increases its service life. Direct impact leads to uniform wear of the working surfaces of the pins, which leaves the grinding quality unchanged throughout the life of the pins.

The disadvantage of this shredder is that according to the working hypothesis developed by I.A. Hint [Hint I. A. On the main problems of mechanical activation. Tallinn, 1977. Preprint 1.], the activation is determined by three parameters: the impact velocity, the number of impacts, and the time interval between subsequent impacts. Grinding elements with a circular cross section give the material the widest range of types of impact from direct impact to sliding with various angles of inclination, the material is activated in a wide range of power effects from pure compression forces to shear forces, in the direct impact zone the material is activated by compression forces, and the product predominantly coarse fraction is obtained, in the zone of sliding impact the material is activated by shearing forces, and the product is predominantly of the fine fraction. In the dismembrator that implements the prototype method, there is no slip and abrasion of the particles of the crushed raw materials, therefore it is impossible to achieve maximum grinding fineness.

These drawbacks are due to the fact that there are no circulation flows in the working chamber, which affect the speed of movement inside the grinding chamber of the raw material particles.

The significant duration of the processing of raw materials is due to the fact that the disintegration process is significantly affected by the rate of collision of the particles of the raw material with the destructive elements. In the prototype method, this speed is small, since the particles move through the gaps between the beams only under the influence of gravitational and centrifugal forces, which create minor dynamic forces and give the individual particles a relatively low acceleration in the direction from the loading opening to the discharge opening located in the peripheral part of the chamber grinding The loss of velocity of the particles during the movement requires multi-cycle dynamic effects for their grinding to the specified sizes.

When implementing a known method in a device for disintegrating mineral raw materials, it is difficult to create an overpressure inside the working chamber, which complicates the conditions for the removal of crushed particles and creates conditions for the deposition of these particles inside the working chamber.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the speed of movement of particles of disintegrated raw materials within the disintegrator and the intensification of the grinding process.

The solution of this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of disintegrating lumpy raw materials includes feeding lumpy raw materials into the limited space of the grinding chamber, inside of which there are two parallel disks vertically, on facing planes which are radially fixed, with gaps relative to each other, destructive elements (bily), the destruction of pieces of raw materials, by imparting to the particles centrifugal acceleration due to the rotation of one of the disks, and their collision with the side wall of the working chamber and destructive elements (bilami), and removing the disintegrated raw materials from the opening of the discharge pipe in the working chamber, additionally create a pressure gradient in the gaps between the rows of destructive elements (bilov) of the movable and fixed disks, for which they increase the speed of air in these gaps the vacuum at the outlet of the loading opening and the excess pressure in the discharge pipe of the working bodies, for this, the surfaces of the movable and fixed discs of the corrugation face each other comfort, and the corrugations are performed in the form of longitudinal nozzles Loval, which are evenly placed in the radial direction along the surface of the disk, while the narrowing part of the nozzles are located in the direction from the loading opening to the middle radial rows of beels, and the expanding parts of the nozzles are located from the middle radial rows bilings to the discharge opening located in the peripheral part of the discs, in addition, in order to enhance the ventilation effect arising in the gaps, additional ventilation holes are introduced These rotors are mounted on the rotor in the form of plates directed from the edges of the large base of an isosceles trapezoid to the center of the disk, and the fan blades are fixed at the end of the movable disk, which are cut in a 45-degree angle relative to the direction of rotation of the movable disk of hollow cylinders. This additionally accelerates the pre-crushed material at the outlet of the disintegrator, for which purpose the body of the grinding chamber is made in the form of a cochlea, in the head of which is placed the discharge nozzle, unloading duct of which is in the form Lovaglio nozzle directed tangentially to the rotor disk rotational direction, and disintegrated material from the discharge outlet is directed to the internal cavity of the collecting cup, which is performed in the form of a truncated hollow cone, of which the disintegrated material is poured into the holding tank.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a disintegrator implementing the inventive method.

FIG. 2. schematically shows a radial view of the corrugations on a fixed disk (stator), made in the form of a truncated Loval nozzle.

FIG. 3. Schematically shows a radial view of the corrugations on a movable disk (rotor), made in the form of a truncated Loval nozzle.

FIG. 4 schematically the process of finishing the operation of unloading disintegrated material.

FIG. 5 shows the size of the corrugations on the movable and fixed disks.

FIG. 1. introduced the following notation: 1 - the grinding chamber body, made in the form of a cochlea; 2 - loading opening; 3 - discharge opening; 4 - mobile disk; 5 - fixed disk; 6 - work items (bile) on a fixed disk; 7 - work items (bili) on a movable disk; 8 - ventilation blades; 9 - axis of the drive shaft; 10, 11 - ball bearing; 12 - loading pipe; 13 - ventilation plates; 14 - discharge pipe.

FIG. 2. the following notation is entered: 2 - loading opening; 5 - fixed disk (stator); 15 - corrugations, made in the form of a longitudinal-truncated Loval nozzle.

FIG. 3. introduced the following notation: 4 - movable disk (rotor); 13 - ventilation plates; 16 - corrugations, made in the form of a longitudinal-truncated Loval nozzle.

FIG. 4. introduced the following notation: 3 - discharge opening; 4 - movable disk (rotor); 9 - rotor axis; 17 - collecting funnel; 18 - cumulative capacity.

FIG. 5 the following notation is entered: З1, З2, З3 - sections in the loading section of the corrugations; b1, b2, b3 - sections in the discharge part of the corrugations; O is the diameter of the critical section of a Lovall nozzle.

FIG. 1, fig. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 serve to explain the essence of the invention.

The invention consists in the following. The source material (Fig. 1) through the loading nozzle 12 enters through the loading opening 2 into the working chamber 1, where it is successively crushed on concentrically installed rows of destructive elements (bilov) 7 of the rotor 4 and destructive elements (bilas) 6 of the fixed disk (stator), 5 and through the opening 3 of the discharge pipe 14 is output to the outside. The rotor 4 is driven by the drive, the axis of which 9 through the ball bearing 10, 11 is mechanically connected to the center of the rotor 4. The source material through the loading nozzle 12 and the loading opening 2 falls on the first row of destructive elements (bil) 7, 6 of the stator 5 and the rotor 4. As a result of the impact of these elements, the material particles are destroyed and thrown to the next destructive elements of the stator, and so on, until the crushed material is completely discharged through the discharge opening 3 of the discharge nipple 14. In the inventive method, displacement des integrated particles from the loading opening 2 in the discharge opening 3 occurs not only under the action of centrifugal and gravitational forces, as it is implemented in the prototype method, but also under the action of a pressure gradient arising between these openings. Creating a pressure gradient is as follows. The high speed of rotation of the rotor, with installed and on it bilami, with the help of ventilation plates 13 and ventilation blades 8 creates a stream of air moving from the loading opening 2 to the discharge opening 3. The ventilation plates 13 serve as not only an additional source of amplification of ventilation flow, but also serve to create directional movement of the incoming lumpy raw materials to the working elements of the disintegrator. In addition, they are an additional tool for crushing incoming raw materials. The ventilation blades 8 are made in the form of hollow cylinders, cut at an angle of 45 ° to the direction of movement of the rotor 4. This design and arrangement of the ventilation blades 8 contributes to a greater air flow in the disintegrator, which is achieved by increasing their surface compared to the possible flat blades. The generated air flow passes through the corrugations 15 (Fig. 2) of the stator 5, and the corrugations 16 (Fig. 3) of the rotor 4, made in the form of a Lival nozzle truncated in the longitudinal direction (narrowing - expanding nozzle) representing a channel narrowed in the middle . The nozzle of Laval serves to accelerate the gas stream passing through it, under certain conditions, up to speeds above the speed of sound. Since the corrugations 15 and 16 are made similar in shape and size not only in the stator, but also in the rotor, when the rotor rotates, when the corrugation overlaps, they form a complete Loval nozzle. The high-speed air flow in the corrugations creates a very strong vacuum inside the chamber, sucking the disintegrated particles and giving them high speeds, which significantly increases the intensity of disintegration and the degree of grinding (disintegration) of the particles of the raw material. The crushed material, reaching the last row of bils, is ejected at high speed into the channel of the discharge port 14. The discharge port 14 is made in the head of the grinding chamber, made in the form of a cochlea (Fig. 4). Channel discharge pipe 14 (Fig. 4) is also made in the form of a Laval nozzle and directed tangentially to the rotor 4 in the direction of the rotor movement (the direction of rotation is shown by the arrow). The crushed material, passing through the channel of the discharge nozzle 14, made in the form of a Laval nozzle, acquires additional acceleration, emerges at high speed through the discharge opening 3, and is directed to the surface of the collecting funnel 17 and is poured into the storage tank 18. At the same time, fresh material is continuously sucked into the pipe 12, maintaining a constant cycle of mixing, grinding and pumping.

An example of a specific implementation. Using the proposed method was carried out grinding fluoroanhydrite, which from the storage bin, the dosing screw is sent dosed for grinding granules in a hammer mill (dosing is performed by calibrating and maintaining the required frequency of rotation of the dosing screw with an electric drive). After the hammer mill, the fluoro-anhydrite enters the disintegrator (Fig. 1) through the inlet nozzle 12 and the inlet opening 2.

The disintegrator was made in the form of a movable (rotor) 4 and a fixed 5 (stator) discs. The diameter of both disks was the same (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) and was 513 mm. Each of the disks had 6 corrugations 15 and 16 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) uniformly made in the disks in the radial direction. Each of the corrugations consisted of a Loval nozzle truncated in the longitudinal direction. The cross-sectional dimensions of the corrugations and the angles of the bevels of the narrowing and expanding parts of the nozzle are indicated in FIG. five.

On movable and stationary disks on surfaces facing each other, 6 and 5 rows of impact elements (bilov) 7 and 6, respectively, were concentrically located. At the same time, a gap was formed between the rows of blades of the movable and fixed discs, which evenly changed from 26 mm closer to the center and up to 14 mm at the most distant radii. At the end of the movable disk (rotor), ventilation blades 8 were made in the form of truncated cylinders cut at an angle of 45 ° to the direction of movement of the rotor 4. With the help of the blades and ventilation plates 13 inside the grinding chamber, an air flow was created, which passing through corrugations made in the form of Loval's nozzles, it accelerated to high speeds, capturing disintegrated particles of raw materials and intensively destroying them to small sizes. The velocity of the particles of partially crushed material was directed to the channel of the discharge pipe 14, made in the head part of the dismembrator body, made in the form of a cochlea. Channel discharge pipe 14 was also made in the form of a nozzle Lyalya, which further increased the speed of the crushed particles of raw materials. The release at high speed of the crushed particles of raw materials from the discharge opening 3 and their collision with the surface of the collecting funnel 17 contributed to an even higher degree of disintegration of the particles. Collecting funnel 17 was made in the form of a hollow truncated cone. As a result of this execution of the collecting funnel 17, the crushed material did not fly apart in different directions, but was directed into cumulative capacity 18.

When using the proposed method, a productivity of 2100 kg / h was achieved. The average dispersion of ground fluoroanhydrite was 15 μm. When disintegrating the fluoro-anhydrite by the method of the prototype, the productivity did not exceed 1200 kg / h, and the average dispersion of the crushed fluoro-anhydrite did not decrease below 3.8 microns.

Thus, the inventive method compared with the method of the prototype allowed to increase 1.75 times, and the dispersion of particles of raw materials to reduce almost 4 times.

Claims (1)

The method of disintegrating lumpy raw materials, which includes feeding lumpy raw materials into the limited space of the grinding chamber, inside which there are vertically two parallel disks, on facing planes facing each other which are radially fixed with gaps relative to each other, destructive elements are beating, destroying pieces of raw materials by imparting it To particles of centrifugal acceleration due to the rotation of one of the disks and their collision with the side wall of the working chamber and destructive elements-beels and extraction of the disintegrar raw material from the opening of the discharge nozzle in the working chamber, characterized in that it additionally creates a pressure gradient in the gaps between the rows of destructive elements — the movable and fixed disks — for which, in the above-mentioned gaps, a high-speed air flow is increased, by means of which a vacuum is initiated at the outlet of the loading opening and excessive pressure in the discharge pipe of the working bodies, for this, the surfaces of the movable and fixed disks facing each other are corrugated, and the corrugations are performed as races Laval nozzles cut in the longitudinal direction, which are evenly placed in the radial direction over the surface of the disks, while the tapering part of the nozzles is located in the direction from the loading opening to the middle radial rows of blows, and the expanding parts of the nozzles are located from the middle radial rows of blows to the discharge opening located in the peripheral part of the discs, in addition, in order to enhance the ventilation effect arising in the gaps, additional ventilation blades are introduced, which are performed on the rotor in the form of plastic Tin directed from the edges of the large base of the tapered part of the nozzles to the center of the disk, and the ventilation blades are fixed at the end of the movable disk, which are performed in the form of 45 ° incisions dissected at an angle relative to the direction of rotation of the movable disk in the form of a cochlea , the discharge channel of which is performed in the form of a Laval nozzle, directed tangentially to the direction of rotation of the movable disk, and the disintegrated material from the discharge opening is directed to the inner The new cavity of the collecting funnel, which is carried out in the form of a truncated hollow cone, along which the disintegrated material is poured into the storage tank.

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