RU2819437C1 - Alfalfa seeds cleaning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: unit for cleaning alfalfa seeds includes in-series installed receiving hopper with bucket elevator, air-sieve fractional separator of primary cleaning, double-aspiration air-sieve separator of secondary cleaning, photo-separator of final cleaning, feeding bucket elevators and receiving hoppers for collection of seeds and wastes. Air-sieve separator of primary cleaning is made with possibility of separation of incoming heap on screen mill into three fractions and provides separation of unthreshed alfalfa beans into a separate outlet, where a gravity seed duct is installed, which directs the mass to the clover thresher. Clover thresher is installed between the primary cleaning air-sieve fractional separator and the secondary cleaning double-aspiration air-sieve separator, as well as under the primary cleaning air-sieve separator. Mass wiped out on the clover thresher is directed by gravity from it into the loading bucket of secondary cleaning in parallel to the main fraction.

EFFECT: higher degree of cleaning of alfalfa seeds with possibility of more complete removal of seeds of quarantine weeds with considerable efficiency of seed cleaning unit and minimum losses at all stages of cleaning.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to units for post-harvest processing of alfalfa seeds, and can be used to clean a combine heap of other small-seeded crops.

There are known technological lines for post-harvest cleaning of agricultural seeds, which include receiving and storage bins, transport elevators, air-sieve machines for primary and secondary cleaning, as well as pneumatic tables and trier blocks. An example of such units is presented by RF patents No. 2275002 (Unit for seed cleaning), No. 2173586 (Mechanized production line for seed treatment), No. 2352099 (Method of post-harvest processing of grain seeds and line for its implementation), etc. A significant disadvantage of such seed cleaning lines is when when sorting a heap of alfalfa contaminated with seeds of the quarantine weed dodder, is their inability to separate the seeds of the quarantine weed and carry out high-quality cleaning of the alfalfa seed material.

The well-known technological line is represented by RF patent No. 2551091 (Universal grain and seed cleaning unit), in addition, the alfalfa seed cleaning line of Smart-Grade LLC is known, which includes an air-sieve grain cleaning machine as primary cleaning, a vibrating-pneumatic table for secondary cleaning and a photo sorter for final cleaning of alfalfa seeds. They differ in the quantity and configuration of auxiliary and transport equipment. The main disadvantage of such seed cleaning lines when processing alfalfa seeds is the large losses of good seeds, mainly contained in unthreshed beans (from 4 to 10% of the total number of seeds), and on the working bodies of sorting machines. In addition, taking into account the composition of the combine heap of alfalfa entering post-harvest sorting, where from 50 to 60% of the heap’s mass consists of organic impurities having various characteristics, and the content of quality seeds does not exceed 35-40% of the total mass, sorting such a heap on presented lines occurs with a significant decrease in productivity, and often with low results, which can also be attributed to the main disadvantages.

The closest combination of features is the seed cleaning unit, represented by RF patent No. 2580359. The seed cleaning unit includes a receiving device, a primary cleaning department, where two air-sieve machines are installed in parallel in a line for cleaning the grain heap, a department with silos for storing cleaned grain and a department for secondary grain cleaning on a photo sorter. The main disadvantage of this scheme is that at the primary cleaning stage there will be irreversible losses of high-quality alfalfa seeds in unthreshed beans, due to the lack of post-threshing devices.

The problem to which this invention is aimed is the preparation of high-quality alfalfa seed material at the stage of post-harvest processing of the combine heap with a reduction in losses of quality seeds, and also solves the problem of releasing alfalfa seeds from unthreshed beans

The technical result that can be obtained by its implementation is to increase the degree of purification of alfalfa seeds with the possibility of more complete removal of quarantine weed seeds with significant productivity of the seed cleaning unit and minimal losses at all stages of purification.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the unit for cleaning alfalfa seeds, including a sequentially installed receiving hopper with a bucket elevator, an air-sieve fractional separator for primary purification, a double-aspiration air-sieve separator for secondary purification, a final purification photo separator, feed elevators and receiving bins for collecting seeds and waste , characterized in that the air-sieve primary purification separator is designed to separate the incoming heap into three fractions and ensures the separation of unthreshed alfalfa beans into a separate outlet, where a gravity seed pipe is installed directing the mass to the clover grater, which in turn is installed in such a way that it is wiped on it the mass was sent to the secondary purification loading elevator parallel to the main fraction.

On the air-sieve separator of primary purification, fractional separation of the combine heap is carried out into waste that does not contain seeds and is discharged into the appropriate bunker, seed material, which is directly sent for secondary purification and a fraction with unthreshed alfalfa beans, from which high-quality alfalfa seeds are released using an installed clover grater . After wiping on a clover grater, the resulting mass, parallel to the main processed material, is sent for secondary cleaning.

Fractionation of the combine heap allows you to isolate most of the organic impurities using a primary cleaning machine and separate seeds and unthreshed beans into different fractions, without significantly reducing the productivity of the line and avoiding significant losses. In addition, on the secondary cleaning machine, due to a significant reduction in the contamination of the processed material, finer sorting occurs, as a result of which the purity of the seeds reaches 99.45%.

If there are seeds of particularly infectious weeds, the material purified during primary and secondary purification is sent to a photo sorter, where it reaches a purity of 99.99%.

A unit for cleaning alfalfa seeds, including sequentially installed: a receiving hopper with a bucket elevator, a double-aspiration air-sieve fractional separator for primary purification, a double-aspiration air-sieve separator for secondary purification, a clover grater installed between the air-sieve separators, a final cleaning photo separator, feed elevators and receiving bins for collecting seeds and waste.

According to the invention, to clean a combine heap of alfalfa, air-sieve separators in the unit are installed sequentially; first, for primary cleaning, the air-sieve separator separates the initial heap into fractions, removing the bulk of organic impurities as waste, after which the main material is supplied to the air-sieve separator for secondary cleaning. Also, from the air-sieve separator of primary purification, in addition to the main material and waste, a fraction is released containing the main share of unthreshed alfalfa beans, which is sent to the clover grinder installed in the unit, from where the wiped mass parallel to the main material is supplied for secondary purification.

To achieve a high degree of purification of alfalfa seeds, the operating modes and parameters of the working bodies must be adjusted so that during primary cleaning, a fraction less than 1.4 mm wide is fed to the next machine bypassing the clover grinder; during secondary cleaning, preliminary aspiration must be carried out by an ascending air flow at air speed equal to 3.5 m/s, and the air speed in the post-sieve aspiration channel was in the range of 4.5-5 m/s. Separation of large impurities on the sieve mill of the secondary purification separator on sieves with round holes with a diameter of 2 mm, and small impurities with a diameter of 1.1 mm. In addition, to isolate the majority of dodder seeds, it is necessary to isolate components less than 1.2 mm thick on a round sieve on sieves from seed material. After secondary cleaning with these parameters, the material will have a purity of 99.5% and loss of alfalfa seeds of less than 1%. Next, the alfalfa seeds go to a photo sorter, where the remaining foreign inclusions and damaged seeds are separated, after which the purity of the alfalfa seeds reaches 99.99%, and losses, including damaged seeds, will not exceed 2-3%.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a technological diagram of a unit for cleaning alfalfa seeds.

The unit for cleaning alfalfa seeds consists of a receiving hopper 1, made in the form of a dam pit, in the lower part of which there is a loading elevator 2 with a gravity grain pipeline 3, a fractional air-sieve separator for primary purification 4, a dual-aspiration air-sieve separator for secondary purification 5, which are installed sequentially. A clover grinder 6 is installed between the air-sieve machines for wiping unthreshed beans, from which the wiped mass flows by gravity into the loading elevator 7 for secondary cleaning. After air-sieve cleaning, an elevator 8 is installed, which loads the material into the storage hopper 9 of the photo separator 10. Under the air-sieve separators of primary and secondary cleaning, waste collection bins 11, 12 are installed. Feed parts from the secondary purification separator and the final purification photo separator are gravity fed through grain pipelines 13 are collected in a separate forage hopper 14. Cleaned alfalfa seeds enter the storage hopper 15.

The unit for cleaning alfalfa seeds operates as follows: a combine heap of alfalfa, brought by transport from the fields, is unloaded into the loading hopper 1, from where it is supplied by elevator 2 to the air screen separator for primary cleaning 3, and on the screen mill of the separator the initial heap is fractionally divided into large and small fractions. The fine fraction, which consists of alfalfa seeds with admixtures of small organic and mineral inclusions, as well as weed seeds, is directed by gravity into the loading elevator 7 along the grain pipeline 13. From the large fraction, unthreshed alfalfa beans with the seeds contained in them are separated in the primary purification separator. the remaining mass is discharged through the grain pipeline into waste collection hopper 11. The unthreshed beans separated by the primary cleaning machine are directed by gravity to the clover grater 6, located under the primary cleaning separator 4, where seeds are released from them, the bulk of which are high-quality material. The mixture of wiped beans and released seeds from the clover grinder 6 also flows by gravity into the elevator 7, parallel to the main processed mass. Next, the entire mass is loaded by gravity through a grain pipeline into a dual-aspiration air-sieve separator for secondary purification 5. The incoming heap on this separator is first cleaned in the preliminary aspiration channel, where the air flow separates lightweight impurities from the mixture, which differ significantly from alfalfa seeds in aerodynamic parameters. After sieve cleaning, large and small impurities are removed from the heap of alfalfa seeds on sieves, which also have significant differences in size with the main crop. Lightweight, large and small impurities, separated by the pre-sieve aspiration channel and on sieves, are removed from the machine 4 by gravity through the grain pipeline 13, into the waste collection hopper 12 installed under the separator. In addition, the sieves separate small seeds and impurities in the form of weed seeds, similar in size to small alfalfa seeds. Cleaned on sieves in a secondary processing separator, the heap enters the post-sieve aspiration channel, which is a vertical pneumatic separating channel with a sufficient height to ensure separation accuracy. In the final aspiration channel of the secondary cleaning machine, the remaining weed seeds, which have a soaring speed close to the parameters of alfalfa seeds, are removed from alfalfa seeds. The components removed by the post-sieve aspiration channel, together with small seeds separated on the sieve, are sent through a grain pipeline to the hopper for collecting the forage fraction 14. Having gone through all the stages of separation on the second air-sieve separator, the seeds are unloaded into the elevator 8 and fed into the storage hopper 9. From the storage hopper 9 the seeds flow uniformly to the photo sorter 10. In the final cleaning phase of the alfalfa seeds, the remaining foreign inclusions are separated out on the photo sorter, as well as damaged alfalfa seeds that differ in shape or color from the quality seeds, and are also discharged through the seed tube into the forage bin 14. The cleaned seeds Alfalfa seeds are accumulated in hopper 15.

Claims (1)

A unit for cleaning alfalfa seeds, including a sequentially installed receiving hopper with a bucket elevator, an air-sieve fractional separator for primary purification, a double-aspiration air-sieve separator for secondary purification, a final purification photo separator, feed elevators and receiving bins for collecting seeds and waste, characterized in that the air - the sieve separator for primary purification is designed to separate the incoming heap on the sieve mill into three fractions and ensures the separation of unthreshed alfalfa beans into a separate outlet, where a gravity seed line is installed, directing the mass to a clover grater installed between the air-sieve fractional separator for primary purification and the dual-aspiration air separator a sieve separator for secondary purification, as well as under an air-sieve separator for primary purification, and the mass wiped on the clover grater is directed by gravity from it into the loading elevator for secondary purification parallel to the main fraction.