RU2275002C2 - Seed cleaning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: seed cleaning unit has feeding hopper, charging bucket elevator, primary, secondary and final cleaning machines, hoppers for forage and cleaned seeds. Primary cleaning machine has air-cleaning part and four sieve shoes. Secondary cleaning machines have air-cleaning parts and sieve shoes with three tiers of sieves. Transverse chutes of second sieve trays for primary cleaning machine are connected through conveyor apparatus with charging bucket elevator. Tails sieves of middle tier sieves of each secondary cleaning machine are coupled to final cleaning machine of one line, and tails sieves of lower tier sieves are coupled to additional hopper for cleaned seeds or to final cleaning machine of other line.

EFFECT: increased yield of seed material and cleaned seeds.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be applied in agriculture and the processing industry for cleaning grain and seeds.

A known unit for cleaning grain. It consists of a receiving hopper, a loading elevator of air-sieve machines for the primary cleaning of triers (AS No. 1230534).

The disadvantages of this unit are the low productivity and yield of purified seeds in the presence of low-level impurities in the starting material and an increased amount of seeds of small weeds.

The decrease in productivity is caused by the fact that when the content of small weed seeds in the initial grain material is increased, they do not have time to get into the sieve passage at a nominal supply of the grain mixture. Therefore, the specific load on the line should be reduced, which leads to a decrease in productivity. In the presence of low-grade impurities in the starting material, the yield of grain of the required purity is reduced due to the lack of working bodies that allow to separate the grain mixture according to a set of physical and mechanical properties, including density.

The closest technical solution and the technical result achieved is a seed cleaning unit based on ZAV-10A with the prefix SP-10B, including a receiving hopper, loading elevator, primary cleaning machine OZS-50/25/10, consisting of an air-cleaning part with the first and second pneumatic channels of four sieve mills having three successively installed sieves with pallets, the pallets of the first sieves being connected via transverse trays to the waste bin, and the transverse trays of pallets of the second sieves of each mill - with a feed grain hopper, trieers, two lines of sequentially connected secondary and final cleaning machines, waste bins, fodder and cleaned seeds, the secondary cleaning machines having air-cleaning parts with pre-sieve and post-sieve aspiration channels, three-tier mills, descents from the middle tiers of which connected by grain guides to the machines for final cleaning of the first and second lines or to the hopper of peeled seeds, and the descents from the lower tiers are connected to the feed hopper (prospectus of OJSC Zernoochistka, Grain cleaner ZAV-10A unit. Manual. Voronezh, GSKB "Grain cleaning". 2002).

The disadvantages of the unit are low productivity and seed yield in the presence of low-level impurities in the starting material and an increased content of small weed seeds.

Low productivity is caused by the fact that when separating a grain mixture having a high content of small weed impurities, for a more complete separation of them into the passage of the first and second sieves of each tier of the primary cleaning machine, it is necessary to reduce the flow of the grain mixture.

The decrease in seed yield occurs because the whole grain flow is passed through the final cleaning machines in the existing aggregate, without preliminary separation into fractions. Due to the high losses in feed waste of high-quality seeds, the yield of seed is reduced on vibropneumatic separators.

The technical result is to increase productivity and seed yield.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the proposed unit, the transverse trays of pallets of the second sieves of the primary cleaning machine are connected by a conveying device to the loading elevator, the descents of the middle tiers of the sieves of each of the secondary cleaning machines are connected to the final cleaning machine of one line, and the descents of the lower tiers with an additional hopper peeled seeds or with another line final cleaning machine.

The conveyor device connecting the transverse trays of the pallets of the second sieves of the primary cleaning machine with the loading elevator is necessary for more complete separation of small weed impurities into the passage of the first sieves due to the multiple passage of the passage fractions of the second sieves having enlarged openings.

The combination of the middle tiers of the sieves of each secondary cleaning machine with the final cleaning machine of one line, and the lower tiers of the lower tiers with an additional seed hopper or the final cleaning machine of another line, is necessary to reduce the waste of the main crop to waste. In the first case, they are reduced due to the shortened seed cleaning cycle on one line, and in the second, due to the preliminary separation of the seed flow into fractions and their separate processing in final cleaning machines.

The above symptoms lead to an increase in productivity and yield of purified seeds.

The drawing shows a diagram of the unit.

The unit consists of a receiving hopper 1, a loading elevator 2, a primary cleaning machine 3 with an air-cleaning part 4 with the first 5 and second 6 pneumatic channels, four sieve mills 7 having sieves 8, 9, 10 with pallets 11, 12, 13 installed in series located, respectively, under the first 8, second 9, third 10 sieves, transverse trays 14 and 15, and the trays 14 are connected to the waste section 16, and the trays 15 are connected to the transporting device 17 with the loading elevator 2, the waste section 16, section 18 feed grain, Trier 19, two lines in series with single secondary cleaning machines 20 and 21, having air-cleaning parts with pre-sieve channels 22 and post-sieve 23 aspiration, with final cleaning machines 24 and 25, mills 26 with three tiers 27, 28, 29 sieves, hopper 30 of peeled seeds, additional hopper 31 , two-line elevator 32 of the cleaned seeds, elevator 33 of the fodder, hopper 34 fodder, weighing apparatus 35 and device 36 for packaging bags.

The unit operates as follows.

Grain mixture of conditioned humidity, after preliminary cleaning and drying from the receiving hopper 1 (Fig. 1) is fed by noria 2 to the primary cleaning machine 3. After separation of a part of large and small impurities, the grain material is divided into 4 parts and fed into 4 sieve mills 7 in series installed sieves 8, 9, 10 with pallets 11, 12, 13 under each sieve and transverse trays 14 and 15. Small trash are emitted on pallets 11 of each mill, which are sent along the transverse trays 14 to the waste section 16. On pallets 12 through sieves 9 sift the remaining small weedy impurities, part of the feed grain and seeds of the main crop, are smoked. Sieve 9 are installed with larger hole sizes. The pass fractions of the sieves 9 along the transverse trays 15 by means of the transported device 17 are sent to the loading elevator 2. This fraction is mixed with the initial grain material and fed again for separation into the machine 3. The remaining large impurities are released immediately after the sieves 10.

Passing fractions of the sieves 10, after cleaning in the second pneumatic channel 6 of the air-cleaning part 4 of the machine 3, are fed by the noriya into the trier 19 for cleaning from long and short impurities and then to the section of the purified grain bunker.

From the bunker of refined grain, the material is elevated by noriya to secondary machines 20 and 21. On these machines, after cleaning from light impurities in the channels 22 of the pre-sieve aspiration, the grain flow enters the upper sieves 27. In the initial sections of these sieves, the components are separated by density under the action of vibration. Low-level impurities, for example, segments of wild radish, float to the surface of the layer, and a denser grain of the main culture with heavy impurities is on the surface of the sieve 27.

Grain mixtures from the lower layers are sifted under the sieve 27 and fed along the inclined tray to the beginning of the middle tiers of the sieves 28, and large impurities going down the sieves 27 are discharged outside the machine.

When the grain mixture moves along the initial sections of sieves of 28 middle tiers, re-stratification of the components occurs in density, as in the upper tiers. Small heavy impurities are sifted under the initial sections of the sieves of the middle tier, fall on pallets and are removed outside the machine. The remaining stratified grain material enters the second part of the sieves 28 of the middle tiers.

Grain material from the lower layers gets into the aisle of these sieves having round-shaped openings with a diameter greater than the width but less than the length of the seeds of the main culture. The composition of this material includes the grain of the main culture with the remaining small heavy impurities and the acceptable content of low-circuit components. These fractions are fed through an inclined tray to the lower tier of sieves 29 for separating small and puny grains of the main culture, and then, after or without air cleaning, are sent by noriya 32 to an additional hopper 31 of cleaned seeds. With a high content of low-level impurities, the sieve fractions 29 are sent to the machine 25 for processing. The middle sieve fractions 28 containing seeds of the main culture with the predominant low-content impurities are fed to the post-sieve 23 aspiration channel and then sent to the final cleaning machine 24 for separation low-impurity impurities. Finished seeds noria 32 are fed into the hopper 30 of the cleaned seeds. Finished seeds, bypassing the bins 30 and 31, can be weighed on the weighing apparatus 35 and packaged in bags by the device 36. Feed waste noriya 33 is fed into the hopper 34.

The unit allows you to increase productivity and increase the yield of seeds of class 1.

Claims (1)

A unit for seed cleaning, including a receiving hopper, a loading elevator, a primary cleaning machine, consisting of an air-cleaning part with the first and second pneumatic channels, four sieve mills, each having three successively installed sieves with pallets, while the pallets of the first sieves are connected via transverse trays with a waste section, a trier, two lines of series-connected secondary and final cleaning machines, forage bins and cleaned seeds, and the secondary cleaning machines have an air-cleaning hour te with pre-sieve and post-sieve suction channels and mills with three tiers of sieves, characterized in that the transverse trays of the pallets of the second sieves of the primary cleaning machine are connected by a conveyor device to the loading elevator, the descents of the middle tiers of the sieves of each secondary cleaning machine are connected to the final cleaning machine of one line, and descents of the lower tiers - with an additional hopper of peeled seeds or with a final cleaning machine of another line.