RU2340410C2 - Method for division of crops mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: method includes primary purification from light, big and small impurities in the air-and-screen cleaner. Secondary purification in the air-and-screen cleaner dividing into layers according to the density in the beginning parts of the scalping shoe; getting upper and lower layer products passed through the beginning of the upper layer screen. Oversize product out of the upper layer product is transferred for purification into the aspiration leg and further into certain lines of consecutively connected sifting cylinders and pneumotables. Low layer product, passed through the beginning of the upper layer screen is transferred for additional purification from small seeds of the main crop and remaining small impurities of foreign material on the lower layer of the screen and aspiration leg, and further transferred into other lines of consecutively connected sifting cylinders.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency of purification of seeds.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for the separation of grain mixtures and can be applied in agriculture and food industry.

A known method of separating grain mixtures, including primary cleaning, secondary cleaning of over-sieve products in parallel lines of serially connected air-sieve machines, indented blocks, final cleaning on pneumatic tables (Zakharchenko I.V. et al. Industrial technology for seed production in the Western Urals. Perm, Prince Publishing House 1985, Fig. 36 on p. 36).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning seeds obtained from grain heaps, which have in their composition hardly separated impurities, in particular segments of wild radish, wild oats, overwax, etc. Poor quality is due to the fact that the final cleaning of seeds on the pneumatic tables of the entire flow of treated seeds is associated with their large losses in waste.

A known unit for cleaning seeds, implementing a method of separating grain mixtures, including primary cleaning of light, large, small impurities in an air-sieve machine, secondary cleaning in an air-sieve machine with separation by layers in density in the initial sections of the upper sieve mill to obtain a product the upper layer and the product of the lower layer, passing through the beginning of the sieve of the upper tier (patent No. 2275002 C2, A01F 12/44, 04/27/2006, 6 S.).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of seed cleaning and, as a result, the decrease in productivity of the unit that implements this method. The decrease in the quality of separation is due to the fact that the separation of the grain mixture along the length is carried out in triers until the secondary cleaning of the seeds. Trier, having a lower specific productivity, compared with air-sieve machines, reduce the quality of work at high load, which leads to lower quality of the final product.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of seed cleaning.

The problem is solved by sending a supersize product from the upper layer and then to one line of successively connected triers and pneumatic tables for cleaning into the suction channel, and the product of the lower layer passing through the beginning of the sieve of the upper tier is sent for additional cleaning of small seeds of the main culture with the remaining small weeds impurities on the lower tier of the sieves and in the suction channel, with subsequent direction to other lines of series-connected triers.

The causal relationship between the set of essential features of the method and the achieved technical result is as follows.

Direction for cleaning into the suction channel of the supersize product from the top layer and then into the same lines of successively connected triers and pneumatic tables is necessary to separate impurities from this product having a higher coefficient of windage compared to the seeds of the main culture of this fraction, as well as to separate short and long impurities in sequentially connected trimers and difficult to separate - on a pneumatic table.

The direction of the product of the lower layer, passing through the beginning of the sieve of the upper tier, for additional cleaning of small seeds of the main culture with the remaining small weed impurities on the lower tier of the sieves and in the suction channel, with subsequent direction to other lines of series-connected triers, is necessary in order to isolate small seeds of the main culture with the remaining small weed impurities, as well as to isolate in the suction channel impurities having a higher coefficient of windage compared to the seeds of the main ultures, as well as short and long impurities in series-connected triers.

Thus, carrying out a technological operation to clean the oversize product from the upper layer in the suction channel and then in the same lines of the triers and pneumatic tables, and cleaning the product of the lower layer passing through the beginning of the sieve of the upper tier, on the lower tier of the sieves and in another line of series-connected triers to improve the quality of seed cleaning.

The method is implemented as follows.

The drawing shows a diagram of the method.

The initial grain mixture containing the seeds of the main culture and light, large, small, long, short, difficult to isolate (segments of wild radish, wild oats, overwigs, etc.), the impurities are sent for primary cleaning in an air-sieve machine 1, in which air the flow in the suction channel 2 separates light and partially difficult to separate impurities. In a mill, for example with two tiers of sieves, large impurities (over-sieve product) are separated on sieve 3. Small impurities are separated by the passage under the sowing sieve 4, and small and puny seeds of the main culture are separated by the passage under the sorting sieve 5. The grain mixture, which has passed the primary cleaning, is sent for secondary cleaning to an air-sieve machine 6, in which the remaining light impurities, puny seeds of the main culture with a part of difficult to separate impurities are separated in the suction channel 7.

On the sieve 8 of the first tier of the secondary cleaning machine 6, the grain mixture, for example, under the action of the directed vibration of the sieve 8, is additionally divided into layers by density. Oversize product from the upper layer - the seeds of the main culture, with the predominant content of difficult to separate impurities (segments of wild radish, wild oats, overwigs, etc.), after cleaning in the suction channel 9, are sent to one line of successively connected triers 10 and pneumatic tables 11, the first of which they carry out cleaning from short and long primal impurities, and the second from hard to separate. The product of the lower layer, sifted at the beginning of the sieve 8 of the first tier, enters the sieve 12 of the second tier, on which small seeds of the main culture are separated from it into the passage with the remaining small weed impurities, and he, after cleaning in the suction channel 13, is sent to other line of series-connected triers 14. This product contains seeds of the main culture with a predominant content of short impurities and an acceptable content of hardly separated. At the exit from the lines, finished products (seeds I, seeds II) are obtained.

The proposed method allows to improve the quality of seed cleaning due to the direction for cleaning in the suction channel of the oversize product from the upper layer and then into one line of serially connected triers and pneumatic tables, and the product of the lower layer, passing through the beginning of the sieve of the upper tier, is sent for additional cleaning of small seeds the main culture with the remaining small weed impurities on the lower tier of the sieves and in the suction channel, followed by direction to other lines of series-connected triers.

Claims (1)

The method of separation of the grain mixture, including its primary cleaning of light, large, small impurities in an air-sieve machine, secondary cleaning in an air-sieve machine with density separation in the initial sections of the upper sieve mill to obtain the product of the upper layer and the product of the lower layer passing through the beginning of the sieve of the upper tier, characterized in that the oversize product from the product of the upper layer is sent for cleaning to the suction channel, and then to the same lines of serially connected triers and air tables, and the product of the lower layer, passing through the beginning of the sieve of the upper tier, is sent for additional cleaning of small seeds of the main culture with the remaining small weed impurities on the lower tier of the sieves and in the suction channel, with subsequent direction to other lines of successively connected triers.