RU2185900C1 - Apparatus for separating grain mixture into fractions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has charging hopper, first and second aspiration channels, sieve shoe, trays and grain pan. First and second aspiration channels are connected to settling chamber. Sieve shoe has upper, middle and lower tier sieves. Trays are located under upper tier sieve outlet part and under middle tier sieve inlet part. Grain pan connects leading end of lower tier sieve to tailing end of middle tier sieve. EFFECT: increased efficiency and improved quality of separating grain material into fractions. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to air-sieve grain cleaning machines, and can be applied in the food industry and in agriculture for cleaning seeds of agricultural crops.

 A device is known comprising a loading hopper, a deck, an umbrella with a fan, adjustment and drive mechanisms (Pneumatic sorting table SPS-5. Technical description and operating instructions. Voronezh. 1986).

 The disadvantage of this device is the low quality of the separation into fractions of a grain material containing air-separable, large, small, long, short, difficult to separate impurities.

 The decrease in the quality of the fractions during the separation of such a grain material occurs because this device requires preliminary preparation of the initial grain mixture, namely: separation of most of the impurities in size and aerodynamic properties.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result is a device containing a loading hopper, channels of the first and second aspiration communicating with the sedimentation chamber, a mill with three tiers of sieves and pallets under the sieves of the upper and middle tiers, and the sieve pan of the upper tier is located under its output part (a.s. 1189386, A 01 F 12/44, B 07 B 4/08. Device for separating grain mixtures).

 A disadvantage of the known device is the low quality of the separation of the grain mixture into fractions, which in its composition, along with air-separable, large, long, short impurities, an increased content of hardly separated and small weed impurities.

 The low quality of the separation of the grain material into fractions is due to the fact that when the grain material moves along the sieve of the middle tier, a large amount of difficult to separate (low-contour) impurities gets into its passage. These impurities clog the fraction coming off the sieve of the lower tier. When cleaning the grain mixture with a high content of small weed impurities, the latter do not have time to pass through the sieve of the lower tier and reduce the purity of the fraction coming off this sieve.

 The technical result consists in improving the quality of the separation of grain material into fractions.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device is equipped with a sloping board connecting the beginning of the sieve of the lower tier and the end of the sieve of the middle tier, and the pallet of the sieve of the middle tier is placed under its inlet.

 The installation of a ramp board and its connection with the beginning of the sieve of the lower tier and the end of the sieve of the middle tier is necessary for supplying a fraction that passes under the final part of the sieve of the middle tier and has a predominant content of short, small grain and weedy impurities at the beginning of the sieve of the lower tier. This leads to an increase in the degree of release of small weed and grain impurities.

 The placement of a mid-tier sieve pan under the inlet is necessary to remove fine weed impurities from the machine from a density-separated grain mixture moving along a sieve surface located above the pan.

 This leads to an increase in the quality of separation of the material into two fractions, differing in the specific composition of impurities.

 The drawing shows a device for separating a grain mixture into fractions.

 The device consists of a loading hopper 1, channels of the first 2 and second 3 suction connected to the sedimentation chamber 4, sieve mill 5 with upper 6, middle 7, lower 8 sieves, pallets 9 and 10 located respectively under the output part of the sieves upper and under the input middle tiers, pitched boards 11.

 The device operates as follows.

 A grain mixture consisting of seeds of the main culture, air-separable, large, small, long, short and difficult to separate (segments of wild radish, wild oats, etc.) of impurities is fed from the feed hopper 1 into the channel of the first aspiration 2, connected to the sedimentation chamber 4. After separation of the air-separable impurities in the channel 2 and their removal through the sedimentation chamber 4, the grain mixture enters the sieve 6, from which large and part of the difficult to separate impurities are released.

 The passage fraction of the initial sections of the sieve 6 goes to the beginning of the sieve of the middle tier 7. The initial part of the sieve of this tier has the shape and size of the holes through which small weed impurities are released. These impurities are discharged from the machine through a pallet 10 having a transverse tray.

 Under the influence of vibration of the sieve mill 5, the grain material moving along the initial section of the middle tier of the sieves 7 is distributed in layers by density. With further movement of the layered material along the final part of the sieve 7, which has round holes with a diameter greater than the width of the seeds of the main crop, grain material from the lower layers enters the passage. The composition of this fraction includes, along with the seeds of the main culture, short, small impurities and the permissible content of long and difficult to separate.

 The fraction formed from the grain material of the upper layers moves off the sieve 7. The composition of this fraction includes seeds of the main culture with a predominant content of long and difficult to separate impurities and an acceptable content of short impurities. The starting fraction of the sieve 7 enters the channel of the second aspiration 3 and is removed from the machine for further cleaning. The passage fraction of the final sections of the middle 7 tier of the sieves along the ramp board 11 is fed to the beginning of the sieve 8 to clean the remaining small weed impurities, as well as small and puny seeds of the main culture. The starting fraction of sieve 8 is fed for further purification.

 The proposed device allows to improve the quality of separation of the grain mixture into fractions, which then undergo differential cleaning on subsequent machines.

Claims (1)

 A device for separating grain mixtures into fractions containing a feed hopper, channels of the first and second aspiration communicating with the sedimentation chamber, a mill with three tiers of sieves and pallets under sieves of the upper and middle tiers, the sieve pan of the upper tier being located under its outlet part, characterized in that it is equipped with a ramp board connecting the beginning of the sieve of the lower tier and the end of the sieve of the middle tier, and the pallet of the sieve of the middle tier is located under its entrance.