RU2304873C1 - Seed cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, technique used in apparatuses for cleaning and wiping of leguminous crop seeds, as well as seeds of other crops.

SUBSTANCE: seed-cleaning machine has feeding chamber adapted for feeding of seed material and equipped with seed material charging device, air system, screen shoe, seed material charging device and device for discharging of light, coarse, small-sized contaminants, hulls and clean seeds. Screen shoe has upper, middle and lower screens. During cleaning procedure, hulls are discharged from middle screen into device for discharging thereof into wiping device, and after treatment it is delivered by means of discharging conveyor into feeding chamber, thereafter it is subjected to cleaning procedure in conjunction with main seed material.

EFFECT: increased efficiency by providing complete treatment of seed material and separation into fractions of cleaned seeds and waste.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to devices for cleaning and wiping seeds of legumes and other crops.

A known seed cleaning machine containing a receiving chamber, an air system, a sieve mill with upper and lower sieves, a device for inputting seed material and outputting its fractions (K-523/1 seed pre-cleaner from Petkus. Service manual. Wutha, 1986).

The disadvantage of the seed cleaning machine is the inability to separate pyzhin (clover seeds in the shell) from pure seeds. The reason for this is a sieve mill having only two sieves. Large impurities are separated on the upper sieve, and small ones on the lower sieve. The descent from the lower sieve contains clean and unbroken clover seeds.

The closest in technical essence and the technical result achieved is a seed cleaning machine including a receiving chamber, an air system, a sieve mill containing upper, middle, lower sieves, input devices for seed and output light, large, small impurities, pyzhin and cleaned seeds (Seed cleaning Petkus Selektra K-218/1 machine. Service manual. Wutha, 1986). Machine K-218/1, having three tiers of sieves, separates the pyzhin from clean seeds and displays them separately.

The disadvantage of this machine is that it does not wipe clover seeds from the shells (beans). For their wiping, special machines are used - clover grass, which increases the cost of processing seeds.

The problem that needs to be solved is to expand the technological capabilities of the seed cleaning machine by performing an additional function - wiping and reducing the cost of processing the seeds of legumes.

The problem is solved using a seed cleaning machine, including a receiving chamber, an air system, a sieve mill containing upper, middle, lower sieves, input devices for seed and output light, large, small impurities, pyzhin and cleaned seeds, while it is equipped with a wiping device with a shipping conveyor, the wiping device being connected to a pygmy output device, and the shipping conveyor to a receiving chamber.

The presence of a wiping device connected to the pyzhin output device and a shipping conveyor connected to the receiving chamber expand the technological capabilities of the machine and reduce the cost of processing the seeds of legumes, because after processing the seed on a new machine, a special expensive machine is not required - clover and mechanisms transporting pygins.

The drawing shows a diagram of a seed cleaning machine.

The seed cleaning machine consists of a receiving chamber 1, an air system 2, a sieve mill 3, a wiping device 4 with a shipping conveyor 5, a seed input device 6, light impurity output devices 7-9, large and small impurity output devices 10 and 11, devices 12 and 13 output of pyrzha and peeled seeds. The receiving chamber 1 is equipped with a agitator 14 and a shutter 15. The air system has first 16 and second 17 pneumatic separating channels, the first 18 and second 19 sedimentary chambers equipped with adjusting shutters 20 and 21, the fan 22 with the chaff 23. The sieve mill contains the upper 24, middle 25 , lower 26 sieves with mechanisms 27, 28 for cleaning them.

Seed cleaning machine operates as follows.

Seed material from the receiving chamber 1 by means of a tedder 14 and input device 6 enters under the pneumatic separating channel 16 onto the upper sieve 24. Light impurities are sucked out of the material by the air stream created by the centrifugal fan 22, deposited in the first sedimentation chamber 18 and removed from the machine by the device 7.

The seeds of the main culture and small impurities fall through the holes of the upper 24 and middle 25 sieves and enter the lower sieve 26. Large impurities go from the upper sieve 24 to the output device 10. Pyzhina leaves the middle sieve 25 to the output device 12, then to the wiping device 4 , processed in it, by a shipping conveyor 5 is fed into the receiving chamber 1 and is cleaned on a machine with the main seed material. On the lower sieve 26, small impurities are sifted and the device 11 is removed from the machine, and the cleaned seeds are removed from the sieve, in the pneumatic separating channel 17 they are blown repeatedly by air flow, cleaned of remaining light impurities and punctured seeds and removed by the device 13 from the machine. Light impurities and puny seeds are deposited in the second sedimentary chamber 19 and the device 9 is removed from the machine.

The exhaust air from the sedimentation chambers 18 and 19 passes through the chaffer 23, the fan 22 and is removed into a centralized air system for additional dust removal. Light impurities (chaff), trapped from the air by chaffer 23, enter the device 8.

When preparing the machine for operation, the material supply is controlled by the shutter 15, the air flow rate in the pneumatic separating channels 16 and 17 by the shutters 20 and 21. The sieves 24-26 are selected and the cleaning mechanisms 27, 28 are adjusted in accordance with the physicomechanical properties of the seed material.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is the possibility of complete processing of seed material with separation into fractions of purified seeds and waste. There is no need for clover grass and the mechanism for transporting pygins, which will reduce the cost of processing seeds of legumes and reduce their injury.

Claims (1)

A seed cleaning machine including a receiving chamber, an air system, a sieve mill comprising an upper, middle, lower sieve, seed input and output devices for light, large, small impurities, pyzhin and cleaned seeds, characterized in that it is equipped with a wiping device with a shipping conveyor, moreover, the wiping device is connected to the output device pyzhin, and the shipping conveyor with the receiving chamber.