RU2236778C2 - Seed cleaning attachment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, farm crop seed cleaning equipment.

SUBSTANCE: seed cleaning attachment has pneumatic sorting table connected to air-sieving machine. Grain mixture is subjected to preliminary treatment and directed into air-sieving machine and fed by inlet device to feeding roll with further delivering into aspiration channel for cleaning of grain mixture before it is delivered onto screens. Light contaminants are separated in said channel and fed into settling chamber. Grain mixture is further fed onto three-sieve mill including upper, middle and lower sieves. Debris mixture is separated on upper sieves and discharged to the outside of machine. Additional sieve arranged between upper and middle sieves has surface formed at its leading part and made free of perforations. Undersize fraction of upper sieve is fed onto additional sieve and settled in layers on its surface free of perforations. Grain material of lower layers falls onto middle sieve and upper layer material is directed onto lower sieve. Upon treatment with air flow in second channel of aspiration device, tails fraction of middle sieve is directed onto pneumatic sorting table for further treatment.

EFFECT: improved quality of separation of grain mixture.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seed cleaning units, and can be applied in the food industry and in agriculture for cleaning seeds of agricultural crops.

Known seed prefix, the technological equipment of which includes two pairs of series-connected air-sieve machines SVU-5 and pneumatic sorting tables (Machines for post-harvest grain processing / B.S.Oknin, I.V. Gorbachev, A.A. Terekhin, V .M.Soloviev. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1987, p. 193; 44-45).

The disadvantage of the prefix is the low productivity and quality of the separation of the grain mixture in the presence of low-level impurities in the starting material.

The performance of the prefix is limited by the grain layer located on the sieve of the middle tier of the air-sieve machine. With an increase in the thickness of the grain layer, part of the seeds of the fine fraction does not fall into the sieve passage. As a result, the quality of cleaning low-contaminants on a pneumatic sorting table is deteriorating.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result is a device consisting of an air-sieve machine, including a grain mixture input device with a feed roller, a pre-suction suction channel, first and second post-sieve suction channels, sedimentary chambers, a three-sieve mill, the middle sieve of which is connected to the first channel post-sieve aspiration, and the lower sieve having a pan with a transverse tray connected to the second channel post-sieve aspiration (patent No. 2118208. Grain cleaning machine. Bull. No. 24, 1998).

The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity and quality of separation of the grain mixture in the presence of low-grade impurities in the starting material.

Productivity and quality of separation of the grain mixture is limited by a layer of grain moving along a sieve of the middle tier of an air-sieve machine. With an increase in the specific load on this sieve, part of the passage particles (small seeds of the main culture) will remain in the similar fraction. And this will lead to a decrease in the quality of cleaning on the subsequent machine.

The technical result is to increase the performance of the console and the quality of separation of the grain mixture.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the air-sieve machine, pallets are installed under the upper and middle tiers of the sieves, the pallets of the upper tier having transverse trays, the output of the pallets of the upper tiers is connected to the beginning of the sieve of the lower tiers by means of an additional sieve having an unperforated surface in the initial part , and the second post-sieve aspiration channel is connected to the pneumatic sorting table.

The installation of an additional sieve, which has an unperforated surface in the initial part, is necessary for stratification according to the density of the grain mixture passing through the final part of the sieve of the upper tier, followed by its separation by a sieve with a hole diameter larger than the seed width of the main crop into two fractions: similar - with a predominant content of low-grade impurities and passage - with an acceptable content of these impurities.

The installation of a pallet with transverse trays under the upper tier of sieves is necessary for receiving and removing small weed impurities and part of small and feeble seeds of the main culture outside the machine.

The installation of a pallet under the middle tier is necessary for receiving and sending to the waste small and hollow seeds of the main crop with the remaining small weed impurities.

The connection of the second channel of the post-sieve aspiration with the pneumatic sorting table is necessary to direct the descending fraction of the lower tier sieve to the pneumatic sorting table to clean the grain stream from low-level impurities.

The above signs can improve the performance of the console and improve the quality of its work.

The drawing shows a diagram of the seed prefix.

The prefix consists of a pneumatic sorting table 1 connected to an air-sieve machine 2, having a grain mixture input device 3 with a feed roller 4, a pre-sieve aspiration channel 5, the first 6 and second 7 post-sieve suction channels, sedimentary chambers 8 and 9, a three-sieve mill with an upper 10, middle 11, lower 12 sieves, the middle 11 of which is connected to the first channel 6 post-sieve aspiration, and the bottom 12, having a tray 13 with a transverse tray 14 is connected to the second 7 channel post-sieve aspiration connected to the pneumatic sorting table 1, Don 15 to the output part 20 and transversal trays 18 and 19, the additional sieve 21 having an imperforate surface 22, a transverse chute 23.

The device operates as follows. The grain material that has been pre-cleaned, dried, initial cleaned, and divided into lengths is fed into the air-sieve machine 2. With the input device 3, the grain mixture is sent to the feed roller 4, which feeds it into the pre-sieve aspiration channel 5. Light impurities released in channel 5 enter the sedimentation chamber 8. Next, the grain mixture enters the sieve 10, on the pallet 15 of which small weed impurities and small punctured grains of the main culture are released and out of the machine through trays 18 and 19. As soon as the sieve leaves 10 large impurities are released.

The passage fraction of the final section of the sieve 10, including moving along the final part 20 of the pallet 15, is sent to the non-perforated surface 22 of the sieve 21.

Under the influence of vibrations on the non-perforated surface 22, the separation of the grain mixture occurs. Less dense components, including low-fat impurities, for example, segments of wild radish, fall into the upper layers, and denser seeds drop down. On an additional sieve 21, the separation of the grain mixture occurs. Material from the lower layers passes through the sieve 21 and enters the sieve 11. Material from the upper layers is sent to the sieve 12. On sieves 11 and 12, the grain mixture is sorted by size. Small grains fall on pallets 13 and 16 and are displayed outside the machine along the transverse trays 14 and 17.

The outlet fraction of the sieve 12 after treatment with air flow in the channel 7 is sent to clean the low-impurity impurities on the pneumatic sorting table 1, which brings it to the required purity. The outlet fraction of the sieve 11 is treated with air in the suction channel 6 and is removed from the machine through the tray 23 as the final product.

The proposed seed prefix allows you to increase the productivity and quality of seed cleaning, and therefore, reduce the specific energy costs for the separation of grain mixtures.

Claims (1)

Seed-cleaning attachment, consisting of an air-sieve machine having a grain mixture input device with a feed roller, a pre-sieve aspiration channel, first and second post-sieve suction channels, sedimentary chambers, a three-sieve mill, the middle sieve of which is connected to the first post-sieve suction channel, and the lower sieve, having a pallet with a transverse tray connected to the second post-sieve suction channel, characterized in that pallets are installed under the upper and middle tiers of the sieve in the air-sieve machine, it has the upper tiers of the sieves with transverse trays, the output of the upper tier pallets is connected to the beginning of the sieve of the lower tier by means of an additional sieve having an unperforated surface in the initial part, and the second post-sieve aspiration channel is connected to the pneumatic sorting table.