RU2195805C1 - Grain cleaning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: grain cleaning unit has pneumatic cage machine with sieve shoe and air system, pocket separator, hoppers for clean grain, fodder grain and offal, and conveyors for charging and transportation of grain and offal. Pocket separator has two pairs of cocle and wild oat separators. Sieve shoe is made three-staged. Air system has two channels for separation upon completion of sieving operation. One pair of cocle and wild oat separators is equipped with charging window. One of said channels is communicated through grain inlet device with middle stage tails sieve of sieve shoe and other channel is communicated through grain inlet device with tails sieve of sieve shoe lower stage. Discharge end of one channel is communicated through conveyors with charging window of one pair of cocle and wild oat separators and discharge end of other channel is connected with charging window of other pair of cocle and wild oat separators. Grain cleaning unit provides for effective separation of short and long contaminants by precise selection of cell sizes for cocle and wild oat separators. EFFECT: enhanced reliability in operation and simplified construction. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to grain cleaning units, and can be applied in the food industry and in agriculture for cleaning grain crops.

 Known grain cleaning unit for cleaning food grain, containing an air-sieve machine, a tray unit, bins for refined grain and waste, conveying devices for loading and moving grain and waste (Machines for post-harvest grain processing (B.S. Oknin, etc. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987.- S. 162-166). When working on grain material clogged with long or small short impurities that cannot be sufficiently separated on air-sieve grain cleaning machines, all grain oic material further purified Trier, which is low productivity, which hinders the performance of the entire aggregate or degrades the quality of the final product.

 The closest in technical essence and totality of features to the proposed solution is a grain cleaning unit, including an air-sieve machine with a sieve mill and an air system, a trie block containing two pairs of puppet and fowl trimers, bins for cleaned and fodder grain and waste, transporting devices for loading and moving grain and waste (USSR Author's Certificate 793467; class A 01 F 12/44, 1979).

 The disadvantage of this unit is the low efficiency of cleaning grain from short and long impurities.

 The problem that needs to be solved is to increase the efficiency of cleaning grain from short and long impurities due to a more accurate selection of the working size of the cells of the puppet and poultry raisers.

 The problem is solved with the help of a grain cleaning unit, including an air-sieve machine with a sieve mill and an air system, a trie block containing two pairs of puppet and oatmeal trimers, bins of cleaned and fodder grain and waste, transporting devices for loading and moving grain and waste, This sieve mill is made in three tiers, the air system is equipped with two channels for post-sizing separation, each pair of puppet and breeder triers has a loading window, and one channel of the air system the topic was reported by a grain input device with a middle gathering, and the second by a grain input device with a lower sieve descend, the output of one post-sieve separation channel is connected by means of transporting devices to a loading window of one pair of puppet and oat-breeder triers, and the output of another channel to a loading window of another pair puppet and breeder triiers.

 The drawing shows a process diagram of a grain cleaning unit.

 The grain cleaning unit includes: a truck unloader 1; receiving device 2; boot elevator 3; air-sieve machine with a sieve mill containing three tiers of sieves - upper 4, middle 5, lower 6 and pan 7, and an air system equipped with a loading screw 8, a feed roller 9, a diametrical fan 10, a pre-sieve separation channel 11, two channels 12 , 13 post-sieve separation with grain input devices 14, 15, two sedimentary chambers 16, 17 with light impurity output devices 18, 19, an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector 20 with a dust output device 21, control flaps 22, 23, 24; a trier block containing two puppet 25, 26 and two ovine 27, 28 triremes; bins 29, 30, 31 of cleaned, feed grain and waste; dual-stream elevators 32, 33; scraper conveyor 34; grain flow switches 35, 36, 37, 38, 39; a system of grain pipelines (not conventionally indicated on the figure).

 The upper tier 4 sieves and pan 7 are equipped with trays 40, 41 output fractions of large and small impurities.

 Channels 12, 13 of post-sieve separation are equipped with leads 42, 43 of coarse and fine grain fractions.

 Puppet 25, 26 and crossbred 27, 28 triremes are located one above the other, forming pairs 25, 27 and 26, 28, which are equipped with loading windows 44, 45.

 Grain-cleaning unit operates as follows.

The initial grain material from the vehicle by the truck unloader 1 is unloaded into the receiving device 2, enters the loading elevator 3 and fed into the air-sieve machine, where the loading screw 8 is evenly distributed over the width of the pneumatic system. Next, the grain material is fed by a feed roller 9 into the pre-sieve separation channel 11, is cleaned of light impurities and enters the upper tier 4 of the sieves B ₁ and B ₂ . Light impurities are carried away into the sedimentation chamber 16, deposited in it, the device 18 is discharged from the machine and through the grain pipeline enter the waste bin 31.

On sieve B _{1 the} material is divided into two fractions. The larger fraction from the sieve B ₁ enters the sieve B ₂ , immediately from which large impurities are removed into the tray 40, and the grain passes to the sieve G _{2 of the} middle tier 5.

The passage of the sieve B ₁ falls onto the sieve G _{1 of the} middle tier 5, where the medium-sized grain moves to the sieve G ₂ , and small grains with small and short impurities enter the sieving sieve B _{1 of the} lower tier 6. On the sorting sieve G ₂ , the grain is separated main culture into two fractions. The most complete grain with impurities contained therein (coarse grain fraction) leaves the sieve G ₂ immediately into the device 14 and is introduced into the post-sieve separation channel 12, and the fine grain with impurities falls on the sieve B _{2 of the} lower tier 6.

On the sieving sieves B ₁ and B ₂ , small impurities are released, which wake up on the pallet 7, are collected in the tray 41 and fed through the grain pipeline to the feed hopper 30. A descent from sieves B ₁ and B ₂ moves fine grain with impurities (fine grain fraction) and the device 15 is introduced into the channel 13 post-sieve separation.

 Next, the fractions of coarse and fine grains are processed by air flow at different speeds. The coarse grain fraction, having a high rate of rotation of the main crop, is processed at a higher air flow rate.

 Highlighted light impurities are deposited in the sedimentation chamber 17, the device 19 is removed from the machine and through the grain pipeline enter the feed hopper 30.

 The air flow from the sedimentation chambers 16, 17 is sucked in by the diametrical fan 10 and is pumped into the inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector 20, where it is cleaned of dust and removed to the atmosphere. The dust collected by the device 21 is removed from the machine and through the material pipe enters the waste bin 31.

 Fractions of coarse and fine grains, purified from light impurities, through conclusions 42 and 43 are separately fed to a dual-flow elevator 32 and, with the help of grain wires and switches 35, 37, are fed into loading windows 44 and 45 of parallel-functioning pairs 25, 27 and 26, 28 of puppet and poultry triers .

 In the case of the presence of long and short impurities in the material, the fractions of coarse and fine grains are processed sequentially in puppet and wild-type trimers. The coarse grain fraction is first cleaned in puppet trier 26, where short impurities are released, and then in oatmeal trier 28, where long impurities are released. The fine grain fraction is similarly processed in the triers 25 and 27. The difference lies in the working size of the trier cells, which will be smaller for the fine grain fraction than for the large grain fraction. The cleaned grain from trimers 27 and 28 through grain pipelines enters the dual-flow noria 33, and from it into the bunker 29 of pure grain. Short and long impurities by means of a scraper conveyor 34 are moved to the feed hopper 30.

 In those cases when there are only short or long impurities in the fractions of coarse and fine grains, they are processed only in puppet 25, 26 or fowl 27, 28 trimers. To do this, the grain flows by switches 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 are sent to the corresponding triers.

 If the material does not contain long and (or) short impurities, the fractions of coarse and fine grains from noriya 32 through the switches 35, 37 and grain pipelines are sent immediately to the hopper 29 of pure grain.

 The task is to increase the efficiency of cleaning grain from short and long impurities is achieved due to a more accurate selection of the working size of the cells of the puppet and oatmeal trimers for fractions of coarse and fine grains. With the usual full-flow technology, when all the material is processed in one or several parallel streams in puppet and poultry trimers, the working cell size is selected according to the minimum and maximum grain sizes of the main crop, and in the proposed grain cleaning unit, according to the minimum and maximum grain sizes separately for coarse and large fractions fine grain. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of separating short impurities from the coarse grain fraction (larger working cell size of the puppet triera 26) and long impurities from the fine grain fraction (smaller working cell size of the oatmeal trimer 27) with the same loss of full grain in the waste.

Claims (1)

 Grain-cleaning unit, including an air-sieve machine with a sieve mill and an air system, a trie block containing two pairs of puppet and fowl triers, bins for cleaned and fodder grain and waste, transporting devices for loading and moving grain and waste, characterized in that the sieve mill made three-tier, the air system is equipped with two channels of post-sizing separation, each pair of puppet and breeder triers has a loading window, and one channel of the air system is communicated by the device grain ode with a middle gathering, and the second with a grain input device with a lower sieve descending, the output of one post-sieve separation channel is connected by means of conveying devices to the loading window of one pair of puppet and poultry triers, and the output of the other channel to the loading window of another pair of puppet and poultry Trier.