RU2369081C1 - Grain and seed cleaning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for post-harvesting processing of different crops. The grain and seed cleaning unit comprises a receiving device with a bucket conveyor, an air grid fractional grain cleaning machine, sifters and hoppers for the unused waste, cleaned and fodder grain. A pneumatic sorting table is set under the sifters and aimed at further sorting out of inferior and crushed seeds as well as of choking substances. Silo towers or aerated bins are used for storage of the basic fraction, i.e. commodity grain or seeds. The air grid machine is sequentially followed by a guiding valve and a separator providing for the required further processing of the grain heap.

EFFECT: unit ensures less damage to the grain.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and, in particular, to grain and seed cleaning units and can be used for cleaning grain heaps and seed preparation.

Known designs of grain cleaning units ZAV-10, ZAV-20 and ZAV-40 with a capacity of 10, 20 and 40 t / h and seed attachments SPL-5 and SP-10A to them with a capacity of 5 and 10 t / h, which are widely used in agricultural production. Such units have an identical structure and differ in the number and performance of parallel production lines.

Air-sieve machine (s) and trie (e) block (s) are installed in ZAV units. The prefixes include an air-sieve sorting machine and pneumatic sorting tables, as well as equipment for dosing and packing seeds in bags (A.B.Demsky. Complete grain processing plants. M .: Kolos, 1978. - P. 21).

The disadvantage of these units is the high level of seed injury, due to the large length of the processing line. It is irrational to clean the grain heap on the trimers before sorting, since the performance of modern air-sieve machines is several times higher than the performance of the triers even when installed in parallel.

The closest to the invention in terms of technical essence and the achieved result is the seed cleaning unit ZAV-30/25/10, which includes sequentially installed air-sieve machine, inlet block, pneumatic sorting table and transporting bodies for their maintenance (Tractors and agricultural machines. - 2005. - No. 6. - S.23-25).

The disadvantage of this design is that during the in-line processing of grain heaps on such an aggregate, the performance of the air-sieve machine is not realized, since the trimers and the pneumatic sorting table have lower productivity.

On a modern grain and seed cleaning unit, the performance of an air-sieve machine should ensure the processing of the whole grain heap as it arrives and at the same time combine the processes of cleaning and sorting it, i.e. to isolate weeds, crushed, injured and biologically defective grains at the very early stage of processing the grain heap into feed and waste fractions, which are a favorable environment for the living and reproduction of microorganisms that impair the sowing quality of seeds even during short storage of untreated heap. Fractionation of the grain heap allows already after the air-sieve grain cleaning machine to obtain the grain purity necessary for its storage, and in the presence of hardly distinguishable weeds and seed preparation to facilitate subsequent tertiary treatment on trimers and pneumatic sorting table at lower productivity with the supply of part cleaned on an air-sieve machine grain in bins of active ventilation or silo for temporary storage. When the supply of grain heap to the unit stops, the grain from the active ventilation bins or silos is fed for processing on the triers and pneumatic sorting table. At the same time, the length of the processing line and the number of mechanical effects on the grain are reduced.

The invention solves the problem of reducing injury to seeds, energy and material consumption of the technological line. This is achieved by installing a sequentially directing valve and a divider at the exit of the grain heap from the air-sieve grain cleaning machine.

Figure 1 shows the technological scheme of the grain and seed cleaning unit.

Figure 2 shows the refined grain hopper with a valve for changing the direction of grain supply to the refined grain hopper or for further processing and a divider for separating the grain fed to the processing in the desired ratio.

The grain and seed cleaning unit consists of a receiving device 1, belt conveyors 2, 14, 16, 22, 23, norias 3, 10, 11, 15, 18, an air-sieve fractional grain cleaning machine 5, an intermediate hopper 6, an air cleaner 7, an auger 4, a pilot valve 8, a divider 9, a trier 12, a pneumatic sorting table 13, active ventilation bins or silos 17 and 19, a discharge hopper 20, a seed dressing and packing section 21, cleaned 24 bins and grain feed 25, as well as unused waste 26.

The guide valve 8 is located at the beginning of the tray 27 (figure 2), made in the hopper of the cleaned grain 24, and can be installed in two positions for feeding the grain heap in the tray 27 or in the hopper 24. The first position is shown by a solid line, and the second by a dashed line. The tray 27 is connected to the receiving chamber of the divider 9, which is designed to feed the grain heap into the triers 12 (Fig. 1) or into the noria 10 or divide the grain heap after initial cleaning into two streams in the required ratio and feed one of them sequentially into the triers 12 and a pneumatic table 13 for final cleaning, and the second to the elevator 10 and then by a conveyor belt 14 to the bunkers of active ventilation or silo 17 for temporary storage with subsequent supply for additional treatment to any part of the production line.

Grain and seed cleaning unit operates as follows. The original grain heap from the receiving device 1 by conveyor belts 2 is fed to the receiver of the elevator 3, which picks it up and feeds it into the intermediate hopper 6 and then into the air-sieve fractional grain cleaning machine 5 with two suction systems and two sieve mills.

The air-sieve machine can work in the modes of preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning.

In the pre-treatment mode, the grain heap for one pass is brought up to the requirements for the quality of feed grain. In this case, lightweight weeds are separated from the grain heap before being fed to the sieves in the first aspiration system, and then small weeds on the sowing sieves of the sieve mills and large weeds on the grain sieves. The heap cleaned on sieves is fed to the second suction system, where lightweight weeds are recovered and fed to the hopper and, as it is filled, they are unloaded into the vehicle and transported outside the sanitary zone of the enterprise.

The cleaned part of the heap is fed to the pilot valve 8, which can be installed in two positions (shown by a dashed and solid line). In the first position, the grain heap is fed into the hopper of pure grain 24, and in the second, into the divider 9, which is set to the extreme position so that the grain heap enters the elevator 10.

If the grain is sold immediately or loaded into a separately located warehouse, then it is fed into the bin of refined grain 24 and, as it is filled, unloaded into a vehicle and taken to its destination.

If it is supposed to at least temporarily store grain in place, then it is fed to the elevator 10, by which it is fed to the conveyor belt 14 and then to the active ventilation hopper 17.

If the grain is not subject to further processing, then, as necessary, it is fed from the hopper 17 to the conveyor belt 23 and then to the elevator 18, which lifts the grain to the conveyor belt 14, by which it is discharged by gravity to the refined grain hopper 24 and unloaded as it is filled into the vehicle and taken to their destinations.

If the grain is to be further processed, then, if necessary, it is supplied in the required quantity from the active ventilation hopper 17 to the conveyor belt 23 and then to the elevator 18, which picks it up and delivers it to the conveyor belt 14. When the grain is used further for commodity purposes, it is dumped in the intermediate hopper 6 and then served in the air-sieve machine 5, where it is re-cleaned in the primary cleaning mode and fed to the hopper of the cleaned grain 24 or noriya 10, which lifts it to the conveyor belt 14 and further to freedom bottom active ventilation hopper for storage.

With the further use of grain for seed purposes, it is fed in the right amount to the trier 12 and then to the pneumatic sorting table 13, where the seed cleaning is completed. The cleaned seeds are fed into the noriya 15 and then by the conveyor belt 16 to the active ventilation hopper 19, or to the discharge hopper 20, or to the pickling and packing section 21.

As necessary, the seeds from the active ventilation hopper 19 are fed to the belt conveyor 22 and then by elevator 15 to the belt conveyor 16, which moves them to the discharge hopper 20 or to the pickling and packing section 21.

The preliminary cleaning of the grain heap and the subsequent re-cleaning should be resorted to if the grain and seed cleaning unit does not provide in-line processing of the incoming grain heap in the primary cleaning mode.

In the primary cleaning mode, the grain heap for one pass through the air-sieve machine is brought to the requirements for the quality of marketable grain. In this case, lightweight weeds are separated from the grain heap before being fed to the sieves in the first suction system, and then fodder grain is separated on the sorting sieves of the sieve mills, large impurities are found on the grain sieves and small feed weeds on the sowing sieves. The heap cleaned on sieves is fed into the second aspiration system, where biologically defective grains and the remaining lightweight weeds are distinguished.

If marketed grain is immediately sold or loaded into a separately located warehouse, then the directional valve 8 is set so that it enters the refined grain bin 24. As the hopper is full, the grain is unloaded into a vehicle and transported to its destination.

If it is supposed to at least temporarily store grain in place, then the directional valve 8 and the divider 9 are set so that the grain enters the elevator 10, which feeds it to the conveyor belt 14 and then to the active ventilation hopper 17. From the hopper 17, the commodity grain is unloaded onto the belt a conveyor 23, which feeds it into the elevator 18 and then by a conveyor belt 14 to the refined grain hopper 24. The selected weeds are fed into the hopper 26 and, as it is filled, unloaded into vehicles and transported outside the sanitary zone of the enterprise . Feed grain is fed into the hopper 25 and, as it is filled, taken out to the warehouse of the feed mill.

When processing seed grain after an air-sieve machine, its guide valve 8 is fed to a divider 9, which is divided into two streams in the desired ratio. One stream is fed sequentially to the trimers 12 and to the pneumatic sorting table 13, where the preparation of the seeds is completed, which is sent to the noria 15 and then using the conveyor belt 16 to the active ventilation hopper 19. Seeds can be conveyed by the conveyor belt 16 and to the discharge hopper 20 or to the section pickling and packing 21.

The second stream is fed into the noria 10 and then by the conveyor belt 14 into the active ventilation hopper 17. After processing the incoming grain heap, the grain from the hopper 17 is fed by the belt conveyor 23 into the elevator 18 and then by the conveyor belt 14 to the trimers 12 and to the pneumatic sorting table 13, where it ends seed cleaning. The cleaned seeds are fed to the noriya 15 and then to the conveyor belt 16, which, as necessary, they are fed to the active ventilation hopper 19, or to the discharge hopper 20, or to the pickling and packing section 21.

The waste of the trimers 12 and pneumatic sorting table 13 is fed into the elevator 11 and then into the feed grain bunker 25. As the hopper 25 is filled, feed grain is unloaded into the vehicle and taken to the warehouse of the feed mill.

In the secondary cleaning mode, in the absence of hardly distinguishable weeds, the grain heap for one pass through the air-sieve machine 5 is brought to the requirements for seed quality. In this case, lightweight weeds are separated from the grain heap before being fed to the sieves in the first aspiration system, and then fodder grain is separated on the sorting sieves of the sieve mills, large weeds on the grain sieves and small weeds on the sowing ones. The cleaned seeds are sent by a directing valve 8 and a divider 9 to a noriya 15, which lifts them to a conveyor belt 16, transporting them to the active ventilation hopper 19, or to the discharge hopper 20, or to the pickling and packing section 21.

In the presence of hardly distinguishable weeds, the seeds cleaned on an air-sieve machine are supplied with a directing valve 8 and a divider 9 sequentially to the trieers 12 and to the pneumatic sorting table 13, where the preparation of the seeds that enter the noria 15 is completed and then fed to the active ventilation hopper using the conveyor belt 16 19, or to the discharge hopper 20, or to the pickling and packing section 21. From the active ventilation hopper 19, the seeds enter the conveyor belt 22 and then into the noriya 15, which moves them to a conveyor belt 16, supplying the seeds into a discharge hopper 20 or on site dressing and packing of 21. From the unloading hopper 20 seeds ready to unload the vehicle.

Unused waste enters the hopper 26 and, as it is filled, is unloaded into the vehicle and taken out of the sanitary zone of the enterprise, and feed grain and waste exits of the second suction of the machine 5, trimers 12 and pneumatic sorting table 13 are transferred to the feed grain bin 25 and transported to Warehouse feed mill.

The required number of active ventilation bins or silos is determined by gross grain production.

Claims (1)

Grain and seed cleaning unit, including a receiving device with noria, air-sieve fractional grain cleaning machine, silos for collecting cleaned and fodder grain, as well as unused waste, trippers, pneumatic sorting table, silos for active ventilation or silos for storing the main fraction, belt conveyors and elevators, characterized in that after the air-sieve machine, a directional valve and a divider are installed in series, allowing, when combined, to select the necessary continuation of the sample Grain heap work taking into account the performance of the trimers and pneumatic sorting table, as well as the quality requirements for the refined grain.

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