RU2452588C1 - Universal grain- and seed-cleaning line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural mechanical engineering and is designed for post-harvesting treatment of seeds of agricultural crops. Universal grain- and seed-cleaning line includes series-connected receiving hopper, a loading conveyor, a loading bucket line, the machine of primary cleaning, an intermediate bucket line, a sifting cylinder unit, a final bucket line, a pneumatic assorting table. The storage hopper and grain pipes connecting the loading conveyor with a lower head of the bucket line, the upper head of the loading bucket line - with the input of the machine of primary cleaning, the output of the machine of primary treatment - with the lower head of the intermediate bucket line, the upper head of the intermediate bucket line through the first changeover valve - with the input of the sifting cylinder unit, upper head of the final bucket line - with the pneumatic assorting table. The line additionally contains a seed-cleaning wind-sieve machine mounted in front of the pneumatic assorting table. Loading elevators mounted at intermediate and final bucket line, an intermediate hopper mounted under the sifting cylinder unit, mobile containers mounted at the intermediate and storage hoppers and at outputs of the pneumatic assorting table. The second changeover valve installed in the grain pipe connecting the upper head of the final bucket line to input of the pneumatic assorting table, grain pipes connecting the first changeover valve - with the input of the seed-cleaning wind-sieve machine, the output of the seed-cleaning wind-sieve machine - with the lower head of the final bucket line, the second changeover valve - with the storage hopper, and the grain pipe connecting the loading elevator mounted at the intermediate bucket line - with its lower head and the grain pipe connecting the loading elevator installed at the final bucket line - with its lower head.

EFFECT: reduced traumatising of seeds, increase of efficiency of seed cleaning, and simplification of management of the line.

3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for post-harvest treatment of seeds of crops: cereals, legumes, industrial and oilseeds.

A well-known line for post-harvest treatment of castor oil bean, including a transporting device with a lift, a pre-treatment machine with exits for different seed fractions, a pneumatic sorting table, a primary cleaning machine for each seed fraction, and rotary overpasses for installing containers above machines and a table and containers for receiving, transporting and storing seeds, made identical in the form of metering feeders (RF Patent No. 2265487, B07B 9/00, publ. 10.12.2005 ., Bull. №34).

A disadvantage of the known line is its low productivity. Such a line is designed for processing small volumes of heap, for example, for cleaning easily injured seeds of higher reproduction.

Also known is a universal grain and seed cleaning line, which we took as a prototype (according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2364449, B07B 9/00, A01F 12/44, publ. 08/20/2009, Bull. No. 23), including a receiving hopper connected in series, loading conveyor, loading noriya, preliminary cleaning machine, intermediate noriya, primary cleaning machine (air-sieve cleaning and sorting), intermediate noriya, trimer block, final noriya, pneumatic sorting table, as well as storage bins, waste, clean grain or seeds, grain pipelines with cross over keys Anami connecting machinery line with each other, in particular zernoprovody connecting conveyor boot to the lower elevator head boot; the upper head of the loading elevator - with the entrance of the air-sieve cleaning machine; exit of the air-sieve cleaning machine - with the lower head of the intermediate elevator; the upper head of the intermediate elevator - with the inlet of the triera block; the upper head of the final elevator - with the entrance of the pneumatic sorting table; pneumatic sorting table outlet - with a container for grain.

A disadvantage of the known line is the great difficulty in controlling the heap processing process due to the large number of flap valves (10 pieces) and grain pipelines (17 pieces) and the complex layout of the latter, as well as seed injury due to the long length of the heap transportation path in the line.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce injury to seeds by simplifying the flow of heaps through the system of grain pipelines and flap valves, as well as simplifying the control process when processing seeds of different crops and under different conditions of the heap.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the well-known universal grain and seed cleaning line, including a receiving hopper, a loading conveyor, a loading elevator, a primary cleaning machine, an intermediate elevator, a triera block, a final noria, a pneumatic sorting table, as well as a storage hopper and grain pipelines connecting the loading conveyor - with the lower head of the loading noriya, the upper head of the loading noriya - with the input of the primary cleaning machine, the output of the machine is primary cleaning - with the lower head of the elevator intermediate, the upper head of the elevator intermediate through the first changeover valve - with the inlet of the tee block, the upper head of the elevator final - with the inlet of the pneumatic sorting table, according to the invention additionally includes a wind-sieve seed cleaning machine installed in front of the pneumatic sorting table, reloaders installed at the elevators intermediate and final, the intermediate hopper, - installed under the block with a tee, mobile containers, installed at the hoppers of the intermediate and accumulating and at the exits of the pneumatic sorting table, a second flap valve installed in the grain wire connecting the upper elevator head to the pneumatic sorting table inlet, grain pipelines connecting the first flap valve with the entrance of the wind-sieve seed cleaning machine, the output of the wind-sieve seed-cleaning machine - from the lower the final elevator head, the second changeover valve - with the storage hopper, as well as the grain pipe connecting the reloader installed at the elevator full-time, with its lower head and a grain cable connecting the reloader installed at the final noriya, with its lower head, and the reloaders are made in the form of overpasses for installing mobile containers on them, and the containers are made in the form of feeders.

A comparative analysis of the claimed universal grain and seed cleaning line with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed line is characterized by the presence of additional elements in it (wind-sieve seed cleaning machine, intermediate hopper, reloaders, mobile containers) and new connections between the elements. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "NOVELTY."

Exploring the level of technology in the process of conducting a patent search on all types of information publicly available in the press, we did not identify technical solutions that have distinctive features of the claimed technical solution in the combination as they are stated. The use of the well-known universal grain and seed cleaning line for processing seeds of different crops and with different characteristics of the initial heaps did not completely satisfy us because of the complexity of controlling the processing process due to the presence of a large number of grain pipelines and flap valves in them, which require qualified specialists who are able to work quickly assess and manage the “situation” of the processing process, as well as due to the presence of injury to the seeds.

Our research and ongoing experiments to minimize the use of grain pipelines and flap valves and, as a result, minimize the operations performed to obtain first-class seeds, led us to the idea of creating a line that would allow the heap to pass a shorter gravity course and a smaller number of flip over valves, injuring the seeds, and thereby reduce the cost of seeds, increasing their yield and quality. The idea was translated into a new technical solution, a prototype was made, it was tested during the processing of seeds of different crops and with different characteristics of a heap, and they were convinced of the effectiveness of the new technical solution. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability "INVENTIVE LEVEL".

The claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion "INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY", because It can be used in agriculture. And, in addition, the description of the invention provides the means by which it is possible to implement the claimed technical solution in the form presented in the independent claim.

The drawing schematically shows the inventive line. The universal grain and seed cleaning line includes a hopper 1 receiving, a conveyor 2 loading, a noriya 3 loading, a primary cleaning machine 4, an elevator 5 intermediate, a block 6 trie, a machine 7 wind-sieve seed cleaning, a noriya 8 final, a table 9 pneumatic sorting, a hopper 10 intermediate , storage bunker 11, reloaders 12, 13, mobile containers 14 installed at the bunkers and at the pneumatic sorting table, grain pipelines 15-24 connecting the loading conveyor to the lower head of the loading elevator, the upper head loading arias - with the input of the primary cleaning machine, the output of the primary cleaning machine - with the lower head of the intermediate elevator, the upper head of the intermediate elevator through the first changeover valve 25 - with the inlet of the trie valve, the other output of the first changeover valve - with the input of the wind-sieve seed cleaning machine, output wind-sieve seed-cleaning machines - with the lower head of the elevator final, the upper head of the elevator final through the second changeover valve 26 - with the pneumatic sorting table inlet, another output of the second ekidnogo valve - with a storage hopper, loader mounted in the elevator of the intermediate - with its bottom head loader mounted in the elevator final - with its bottom head, respectively.

The inventive line operates as follows. The initial seed pile is discharged into the receiving hopper 1 from vehicles on its own or by a truck unloader, dispensed by the hopper feeder-metering device, it is fed into the loading conveyor 2, through grain wire 15 - to the lower head of the loading noriya 3, which directs it through grain pipe 16 to the primary cleaning machine 4. From the output of the primary cleaning machine, seeds cleaned of large and small impurities are fed through the grain wire 17 to the lower head of the intermediate elevator 5, which directs the seeds through the grain wire 18 through the first cross over valve 25 or to the trimer block 6, on which short and long impurities are separated or through a grain pipeline 19 - to a wind-screening seed-cleaning machine 7, on which the sorting of the seeds takes place - the seeds are collapsed, feeble, unfulfilled, as well as organic impurities. Seeds from the main output of the trireme block 6 go either to the intermediate hopper 10, which is installed under this block, and accumulate there, or to the wind-screen sieve cleaning machine 7. Seeds from the main exit of the machine 7 wind-sieve sowing through a grain 20 enter the lower head of the elevator 8 final, which directs them through the grain 21 through the second valve 26 to the flip or table 9 pneumatic sorting, or through the grain 22 to the storage hopper 11 and then - into a mobile container 14 installed at this hopper. Different fractions of seeds obtained on the pneumatic sorting table 9, enter the different containers 14 installed at this table. Since elevators 14 are installed on the elevators 5 and 8 of the intermediate and final, respectively, on which the mobile containers 14 are installed, this makes it possible to feed the seed heap again either to the wind-screen sowing machine 7 or to the pneumatic sorting table 9 for repeated processing. Seeds processed on the block 6 with a trimer and accumulated in the intermediate hopper 10 can be reloaded into mobile containers 14 and then sent to them either in a warehouse or for processing on a wind-sieve seed cleaning machine 7. Depending on the characteristics of the heap being processed after any operation, you can stop further sorting and use the containers to send the seeds to the destination. For example, according to a short scheme: hopper 1 receiving - conveyor 2 loading - elevator 3 loading - machine 4 primary cleaning - elevator 5 intermediate - block 6 indent - hopper 10 cumulative, you can use the inventive line to obtain marketable grain. By simplifying the flow of the heap through a smaller number of grain pipelines and flap valves, a reduction in seed injury and first-class seeds is achieved. In addition, such a line is easier to manage.

Will take the implementation of the claimed line.

Heap was received in a mechanized hopper 1 type ZI - 10000, equipped with a conveyor 2, which was connected to the loading elevator 3 type NPK-10 with a round grain wire 15 with a diameter of 140 mm. As a primary cleaning machine 4, a grain cleaner - stationary OZS - 50 was used, as a block 6 of a grater - BTTs 700, as a machine 7 of a wind-sieve seed-cleaning (secondary cleaning) - an air-sieve cleaning machine MVU - 1500, as a table 9 pneumosorting - table pneumosorting MOS - 9N. Two-way cross-over valves 25 and 26 of the KAR type (with control knobs) were installed in the grain pipelines 18 and 21, the heap was fed into the treeler block, the wind-sieve seed-cleaning machine and the pneumatic sorting table was carried out, as well as into the primary cleaning machine, by noriodi slow-moving chain type NPK -10. Cranes 12 and 13 were made in the form of trestles for installing mobile containers on them, and mobile containers 14 were made the same in the form of metering feeders for receiving, transporting and storing seeds.

Tests of the inventive line showed its advantages over the known one due to the reduction in the number of grain pipelines through which the heap is transported by gravity from one machine to another, according to the technological scheme of processing the heap depending on its characteristics, as well as by reducing the number of valves that must be controlled in depending on the "state" of the heap. The table shows comparative data on the quality of the seeds obtained after processing the grain heap on a known line (prototype) and on the claimed.

Indicators Prototype (Patent No. 2364449) The claimed line The length of gravity, m 138 31 Seed Injury,% 10.04 9.72 Seed germination,% 91 94

The studies carried out allow us to conclude that the claimed grain and seed cleaning line reduces the trauma of seeds and simplifies the process of managing it, i.e. achievement of the goal.

Claims (3)

1. A universal grain and seed cleaning line, including a receiving hopper in series, a loading conveyor, a loading elevator, a primary cleaning machine, an intermediate elevator, a trier block, a final elevator, a pneumatic sorting table, as well as a storage hopper and grain pipes connecting the loading conveyor to the lower head boot noriya; the upper head of the loading elevator - with the input of the primary cleaning machine, the output of the primary cleaning machine - with the lower head of the intermediate elevator, the upper head of the intermediate elevator through the first changeover valve - with the inlet of the indenter, the upper head of the final elevator - with the pneumatic sorting table entrance, characterized in that it additionally contains a wind-sieve seed cleaning machine installed in front of the pneumatic sorting table, reloaders installed at the intermediate and final elevators, an industrial hopper weft mounted underneath the block, mobile containers installed at intermediate and storage bins and at the exits of the pneumatic sorting table, a second changeover valve installed in the grain duct connecting the upper elevator head of the final elevator with the pneumatic sorting table inlet, grain pipelines connecting the first changeover valve to the machine inlet wind-sieve seed-cleaning machine, exit of the wind-sieve seed-cleaning machine - with the lower head of the elevator terminal, the second flap valve - with hopper th storage and zernoprovod connecting loader mounted in the elevator of the intermediate - with its bottom head and zernoprovod connecting loader mounted in the elevator final - with its bottom head. 2. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the cranes are made in the form of trestles for installing mobile containers on them. 3. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the containers are made in the form of dispensers feeders.

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