RU2551091C1 - Universal grain- and seed-cleaning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: proposed grain- and seed-cleaning unit comprises a compartment of primary cleaning the grain heap, and the hoppers 5, 6, 7 located under it for collecting the separated fractions and a compartment of secondary cleaning the main fraction. The compartment of the primary cleaning the grain heap comprises a receiving bucket conveyor 1, a two-aspiration air-sieve grain cleaning machine 3 for flow treatment of grain heap with separation into the basic and the fodder fractions and unused wastes. The compartment of the secondary cleaning the main fraction comprises a slow-moving bucket conveyor 16, a pneumo-screening table 20, and a photoseparator 21. Between the compartments for primary and secondary cleaning the grain heap an additional compartment is placed for temporary storage of grain of the main fraction, comprising silages 14, a transverse conveyor belt 12, and a valve 11 placed over the latter. The valve 11 is made with the ability to change the feeding the grain in the hopper 5 of the cleaned grain of the compartment of the primary cleaning or on the longitudinal upper conveyor belt 13 for loading silages, as well as the lower conveyor belt 15 for feeding grain to the compartment of secondary treatment.

EFFECT: improved quality of product and reduced energy consumptions for their preparing and injury of seeds.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and, in particular, to seed cleaning units.

There are known designs of ZAV-10, ZAV-20 and ZAV-40 grain cleaning units with a capacity of 10, 20 and 40 t / h with air-sieve (s) grain cleaning machine (s) and trimeric block (s) installed on them ) They are effectively used in the processing of food grains.

Also known are seed prefixes SPL-5 and SP-10A to ZAV grain-cleaning units with a capacity of 5 and 10 t / h. The prefixes include an air-sieve sorting machine and a pneumatic sorting table, as well as equipment for dosing and packing seeds into bags (A.B. Demsky. Complete grain processing plants. M .: Kolos, 1978. - P. 21).

Petkus and Cimbria seed-cleaning machines are also used, including sequentially installed air-sieve machines for primary and secondary grain cleaning, a feed tray and a pneumatic sorting table (AP Tarasenko. The influence of modern grain-cleaning machines and equipment on seed quality and selection the most promising for the development or reconstruction of seed cleaning lines. Voronezh, 2008. - 33 p.)

The consistent use of air-sieve machines for primary and secondary cleaning of grain, the inlet block and pneumatic sorting table significantly reduces the productivity of the production line as a whole, since the capacity of the indenter block and pneumatic table is lower than the performance of air-sieve machines. In addition, the consistent use of various grain cleaning machines in the line leads to an increase in the number of elevators, and each of them injures 4-5% of the grain and thereby reduces the sowing quality of seeds.

Known grain and seed cleaning unit, including a receiving device with noriya, a two-aspiration air-sieve fractional grain cleaning machine installed in the working room of the grain cleaning unit, with bins for collecting the grain extracted by the machine, cleaned and fodder, as well as unused waste (description of patent RU No. 2369081, A01F 12/44 (2006.01), B07B 4/02 (2006.01)).

Using a two-aspiration air-sieve machine, the grain heap is divided into fractions, seed and fodder, while some weeds are isolated. The separation of the grain heap into seed and feed fractions is performed according to the size of the grains on the sorting sieves and their aerodynamic properties in the pneumatic separating channels of the machines. Sorting sieves are selected in such a way that all size fractions of grains are allocated by passage, the laboratory germination of which does not meet the requirements of GOST.

In the known grain and seed cleaning unit, part of the grain cleaned by an air-sieve machine is fed sequentially to the trie and pneumatic sorting table. Due to their insufficient productivity, most of the grain enters the elevator, which feeds it to the conveyor belt and then to the silos for temporary storage. After processing is completed on the unit, the grain heap coming from the combines is taken from the silos and fed to the conveyor belt, which transports it to the elevator, which moves it to the upper conveyor belt and then returns to the processing on the trie and pneumatic sorting table.

In total, in the well-known grain and seed cleaning unit, in addition to the receiving elevator, four elevators and four belt conveyors are installed. The disadvantage of such a grain and seed cleaning unit is the high level of seed injury due to the presence of a large number of elevators and auger of oatmeal trie.

When developing promising technological lines, the number of transporting organs for moving the seed fraction and, above all, norias and screws should be significantly reduced.

Isolation of the grain into the seed fraction on an air-sieve machine with laboratory germination that meets the requirements of GOST, allows to obtain sufficient purity. This allows you to exclude the indenter block during further seed cleaning and reduce their trauma. It has been established that indented blocks injure up to 7% of the seeds, mainly with the screw, when unloading them from the oatmeal cylinder.

At the final stage of preparation of high-quality seeds, the most effective method recognized in all countries with a high grain production culture is grain density separation carried out in a fluidized bed on pneumatic sorting tables. The combined effect of the vibration of the deck of the pneumatic table and the air flow brings the grain layer to a fluidized state and to the emergence of biologically defective grains and the remaining weeds in the upper layers with their subsequent distribution to different outputs. Air sorting tables do not have structural elements that injure seeds.

If the air-sieve machine is used in fractionation mode, then in the presence of a pneumatic table, it is possible not to use a trie. At the same time, the minimum amount of conveying equipment, especially elevators, must be installed in the production line.

At the proposed grain and seed cleaning unit, the performance of the air-sieve machine should ensure the in-line processing of all the grain heap coming from the combines without putting it into temporary storage, i.e. to isolate at the very early stage of processing the grain heap into feed and waste fractions most of the weeds, crushed and biologically defective grains, which are a favorable environment for the living and reproduction of microorganisms that worsen the sowing quality of seeds even during short storage of untreated heaps. Fractionation of the grain heap allows already after the air-sieve grain cleaning machine to obtain the grain purity of the main fraction - sufficient for its temporary storage and, in the proposed embodiment, apply it using the transverse belt conveyor to the upper longitudinal belt conveyor of the temporary storage compartment. This conveyor feeds the grain into a series of sequentially installed silos with a conical bottom and a device for connecting an aspiration system placed on it, which allows, if necessary, the ventilation of grain in the silo. The conical bottom provides gravity unloading of the silo with the supply of grain to the lower conveyor belt, which moves it to the low-speed elevator receiver, which supplies grain to the secondary cleaning compartment, which includes two sections, with a pneumatic sorting table installed in one of them and a photo separator in the other. For example, when processing grain crops, it is necessary to use a pneumatic sorting table, and when processing buckwheat, sunflower and some other crops, a photo separator.

With this arrangement of the seed cleaning unit, the number of elevators is significantly reduced, each of which (with the exception of slow-moving elevators) injures the grain, and increases the length of the processing line. This arrangement of the seed cleaning unit allows for the in-line processing of the grain heap coming from the combines on a fractional two-aspiration air-sieve grain cleaning machine without laying it on an open area. The presence of a compartment for temporary storage of grain in silos, with the ability to ventilate it if necessary, allows its subsequent processing in the department for secondary cleaning of grain with the help of secondary cleaning machines with low line capacity, but while ensuring the required seed quality in one pass .

The invention solves the problem of obtaining high-quality seeds and reducing energy costs for their preparation.

EFFECT: reduced trauma to seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a universal grain and seed cleaning unit, including a receiving elevator, a two-aspiration air-sieve grain cleaning machine for in-line processing of grain heap with separation into main and feed fractions and unused waste and bunkers located below it for collecting the separated fractions and a secondary fraction separation unit for the main fraction, including a low-speed elevator, a pneumatic sorting table and a photo separator, between the primary and secondary grain separation units about the heap there is an additional compartment for temporary storage of grain of the main fraction, including silos, a transverse belt conveyor, and a valve located above the latter, made with the possibility of changing the grain supply to the purified grain hopper of the primary cleaning unit or to the longitudinal upper belt conveyor for loading silos, and lower conveyor belt for feeding grain to the secondary cleaning department.

Figure 1 shows the technological scheme of the proposed grain and seed cleaning unit; figure 2 is a top view of figure 1.

The seed cleaning unit consists of a compartment for primary cleaning of a grain pile coming from the combine, including a receiving device with noriya 1, a gravity device 2, an air-sieve fractional grain cleaning machine 3, a cyclone with a fan 4, a building construction with bins for receiving purified grain 5, feed grain 6, unused waste 7 and reserve 8, augers for moving feed grain 9 and unused waste 10, a conveyor belt 12 with a directional valve 11, compartments for temporary storage the main fraction after cleaning on an air-sieve machine, including an upper belt conveyor 13, a silo 14 with the possibility of ventilation, a lower belt conveyor 15 and a secondary grain cleaning department, including a low-speed elevator 16 with a grain flow divider 17, two gravity devices 18 and 19 , a pneumatic sorting table 20, a photo separator 21, a building construction with bins for receiving peeled 22 and feed grain 23, a dressing area (if necessary) and seed packing 24.

The guide valve 11 is placed above the belt conveyor 12 and can be installed in two positions: for feeding grain, cleaned on an air-sieve fractional grain cleaning machine 3, to the belt conveyor 12 or to the hopper of the cleaned grain 5.

Seed cleaning unit operates as follows. The initial grain heap from the receiving device is taken by noria 1 and fed by gravity device 2 to the double-aspiration air-sieve fractional machine 3 operating in the mode of its fractionation. Part of the grain heap cleaned by means of pre-sieve and post-sieve aspiration systems and on sieve mills is fed to a directional valve 11, which can be installed in two positions: for feeding the cleaned grain to the conveyor belt 12 or to the cleaned grain hopper 5. The grain is fed into the hopper 5 when using unit when processing food grains, i.e. when there is no need to process it on a pneumatic sorting table 20 or a photo separator 21, and after cleaning it on an air-sieve machine, it will immediately go to sale or storage.

After processing on the air-sieve machine 3, the feed fraction enters the screw conveyor 9 and is transferred to the feed grain hopper 6 by it and, as it is filled, is taken out to the warehouse of the feed mill. Unused components of the grain heap coming out of the grain sieve and passing through the sowing sieve of the air sieve machine, as well as carried out by the air stream into the cyclone 4, enter the bunker of unused waste 7 and, as it is filled, they are unloaded into the vehicle and transported outside the sanitary zones of the enterprise.

When cleaning food grain with its subsequent storage for some time at the agricultural producers after the air-sieve machine 3, the grain is fed to the conveyor belt 12, which feeds it to the upper conveyor belt 13, loading it into the silo 14.

The required number of silos is determined by gross grain production. To unload grain from silos into a vehicle, it is necessary to use a high-performance inclined conveyor (the industry produces such conveyors).

When processing seed grain, it is fed from silos to the lower belt conveyor 15, with which it is fed to low-speed elevator 16, which, as shown by the results of studies, injures no more than 0.1% of the grain. Further, depending on the cultivated crop, with the help of the divider 17, the grain is fed by gravity devices 18 and 19 to a pneumatic sorting table 20 or a photo separator 21 for final cleaning. When processed on these machines get refined grain and feed fractions.

The refined grain enters the refined grain section of the hopper 22 and, as it is filled, is discharged into the vehicle or fed to the pickling and packing area 24 using a bag sewing machine or other packaging means. Feed grain enters the feed grain section of the hopper 23 and, as it is filled, it is unloaded into a vehicle (not shown in the figure) and taken to a feed mill warehouse.

Claims (1)

A universal grain and seed cleaning unit containing a primary cleaning unit for a grain pile, including a receiving elevator, a two-aspiration air-sieve grain cleaning machine for in-line processing of a grain pile with separation into the main and feed fractions and unused waste and bunkers located below it for collecting the separated fractions, and the secondary cleaning department of the main fraction, including low-speed elevator, pneumatic sorting table and photo separator, characterized in that between the compartments for the first For primary and secondary cleaning of the grain heap, an additional compartment is located for temporary storage of grain of the main fraction, including silos, a transverse belt conveyor and a valve located above the latter, made with the possibility of changing the grain supply to the purified grain hopper of the primary cleaning department or to the longitudinal upper belt conveyor for loading silos as well as the lower belt conveyor for feeding grain to the secondary cleaning department.

Images