RU20862U1 - PNEUMOSPARATING DEVICE OF THE GRAIN CLEANING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

A pneumatic separating device for a grain cleaning machine, including two pneumatic separating systems with settling chambers, pneumatic separating and air supply channels, a diametrical fan with a suction window and a discharge pipe, unloading devices located in the walls of the pneumatic separating channels, devices for removing grain and impurities, characterized in that in the first pneumatic system the settling chamber is located above the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system and enters its upper part, and the discharge the fan pipe through the bypass channel is in communication with the air supply channel of the second pneumatic system, the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system is connected to the suction window of the fan through the air supply channel crossing the end part of the air separation channel of the first pneumatic system in the form of expanding channels.

Description

PNEUMATIC SEPARATING GRAIN CLEANING DEVICE

The proposed utility model is intended for the separation of bulk materials using air currents and can be used in agricultural production, in the flour and grain elevator and animal feed industries for cleaning and sorting grain.

Air systems of grain cleaning machines (ZOM) are known, including a fan and two suction units, each of which has a pneumatic separating channel with a feed, it has a device and a sedimentation chamber. At the same time, the channels process the grain mixture with a suction stream twice: before it enters the sieve mill and after leaving it 1.

The disadvantage of these machines is the high energy intensity of the pneumatic separation process, since the dust leaving the pneumatic systems is cleaned of dust in centralized air systems (CVCs) or cyclones with high aerodynamic drag. Moreover,

The above ZOM work only in stationary conditions.

A pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine is known, including settling chambers, two closed aspiration systems with a diametrical fan installed between these systems, the fan suction window being connected to the settling chamber of the nerve aspiration system, and the discharge window to the air supply channel of the second aspiration system, feeding and unloading devices 2.

A disadvantage of the known device is that tayuka has a significant energy consumption of the pneumatic separation process, since dusty air is cleaned in a dust separation unit (filter) having a high aerodynamic resistance. In addition, part of the dust through the pores of the filter may

 outward, which worsens the sanitary conditions of staff. Another disadvantage of the device is impossible (the air velocity in the suction systems is independent of Mi6t, which leads to a decrease in the quality of separation products. Along with this, the device has a slightly branched suction network, which increases overall dimensions and metal consumption, complicates the design and operation of the machine.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed utility model includes a pew-separating device for a grain cleaning machine, coiling two pneumatic-separating systems with settling chambers, a pneumatic separating device with single ducts, a diametric fan with suction pipe; connected to the air supply pipe of the first pneumatic separation system, loading devices located in Kah g nevmosepariruyush; their channels to output device 3 grain and impurities - the prototype.

This pneumatic separator; its design of a grain cleaning machine is similar in design to the above-described air systems of grain cleaning machines. The presence in the prototype of an additional air (bypass) channel does not provide independent control of the air flow rate in pneumatic separating systems, which leads to a decrease in the quality of separation products, complicating the design and operation of the machine. But therefore, this machine, the ongoing processes in which are similar to the processes occurring in the analogue, has the same disadvantages as the analogue.

The essence of the proposed development lies in the fact that in the known pneumatic separating device of the grain cleaning machine, the settling chamber of the first pneumatic system is located above the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system and enters its upper part, and the discharge pipe

the fan through the bypass channel is in communication with the air supply channel of the second pneumatic system, the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system is connected to the suction window of the fan through the air supply channel crossing the end part of the pneumatic separating channel of the first pneumatic system in the form of expanding channels.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

As a result of the fact that the settling chamber of the first pneumatic system is located above the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system and the lower part is included in its upper part, the overall dimensions are reduced and the metal consumption of the machine is reduced, the length of the air path of this device is shortened, which leads to a decrease in the aerodynamic drag of the network and, accordingly, lower energy costs to generate air flow.

When the suction window of the diametral fan communicates with the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system through an air supply channel crossing the end part of the pneumatic separation channel of the first pneumatic system in the form of expanding channels, a better arrangement of machine elements is achieved, as well as an organized supply of air flow to the fan, which reduces the aerodynamic resistance of the pneumatic system and therefore thereby reducing specific energy consumption. In addition, the outflowing peeled grain material overlaps the cavities in the end of the pneumatic separator of the lean channel of the first pneumatic system, which eliminates the release of air outside, which improves the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the maintenance staff.

aspiration systems as a result of the use of a closed pneumo-separating pneumatic system, the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff are also ensured.

The installation of a rotatable flap on the rotary section of the pneumatic separating channel of the first pneumatic system and the presence of a bypass channel with an adjustable shutter communicating the discharge pipe of the diametric fan with the air supply channel of the second pneumatic system determines the independent regulation of air velocities in the pneumatic separating channels, which leads to an increase in the quality of cleaning of grain material. Further, part of the air from the fan is supplied to the second cleaning system, bypassing the settling chamber and the dust collector of the first pneumatic system, as a result of the fact that the discharge pipe of the diametrical fan communicates through the bypass channel with the upper part of the inlet section of the air supply channel of the second pneumatic system. This circumstance leads to a decrease in the speed regime of the air flow with impurities in the settling chamber and dust collector of the first pneumatic system and, accordingly, ensuring a high effect of the deposition of fine impurities and air purification from them, which ultimately affects the quality of cleaning grain material. In addition, the bypass channel also causes a decrease in the aerodynamic drag of the pneumatic system and a decrease in energy costs for generating the air flow.

As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure 1 presents the proposed pneumatic separation device of a grain cleaning machine, and figure 2 - the intersection of the pneumatic separation channel by the air supply channel, section.

tiller 1, air supply channels 2 and 3, pneumatic separator of skinny channels

4 and 5, settling chambers 6 and 7 with mechanisms 8 and 9 for removing light impurities. The feeding device 1trr1 is a feeder 10, a grain-conducting channel 11 and a window 12 made in the wall separating the air separation channel 4 and the grain conducting channel 11. In the window 13 of the air separation channel

5 of the second pneumatic separation system, a feeding device 14 is made. The output section of the pneumatic separation channels 4 and 5 is closed by the outlet valves 15 and 16. The discharge pipe 17 of the diametrical fan 1 is connected to the pneumatic separation channel 4, the end part of which is introduced into the settling chamber 6. On the rotary section 18 of the air supply channel 2, a louvre grille 19 is installed, the lower part of which is located in the dust collector 20 located between the air supply 2 and the air separation 5 channels. The discharge pipe 17 of the diametrical ventricator 1 is connected through the bypass channel 21 to the air supply channel 2 of the second pneumatic system, and the settling chamber 7 of the second pneumatic system is connected to the suction window 22 of the fan 1 by means of the air supply channel 3 crossing the end part of the pneumatic separation channel 4 of the first pneumatic system in the form of expanding channels 23 The settling chamber 6 in the first pneumatic system is located above the settling chamber 7 of the second pneumatic system and enters the upper part of the upper part. At the edge of the wall of the bypass channel 21, an adjusting flap 24 is fixed, and in the output section of the pneumatic separator of the lean channel 4, a rotary flap 25 is attached.

Non-separating device of a grain cleaning machine operates as follows.

The air driven by the diametrical fan 1, but the discharge pipe 17 is fed into the pneumatic separating channel 4. At the same time, the grain material to be cleaned by the feeder 10 is introduced into the grain-conducting channel 11, and from it through the window 12 is fed into the pneumatic separation channel 4, in which Light impurities are emitted from the grain material and are carried into the settling chamber 6 by a stream, deposited in it and discharged outside the pneumatic system by mechanism 8. Purified from light impurities, the grain material is discharged by a discharge valve 15 to the grate part 26, processed by it, and then introduced into the air separation channel 5 through the window 13 through the window 13, in which the grain material is repeatedly exposed to the air flow supplied from the settling chamber 6 and the bypass channel 21 by the air inlet channel 2. At the same time, the air cleaned from light impurities in the settling chamber 6, passing through the louvre grill 19 installed on the rotary part 18 of the air inlet channel 2, is additionally tively cleaned of dust-like impurities which are due to inertial forces to settle in a settling tank 20, and then discharged from the portions of the machine. From the pneumatic separating channel 5, the punctured and crushed grain, not separated in the channel 4 and the screen part 26, is carried out into the settling chamber 7, deposited in it and brought out by the mechanism 9. The cleaned grain from the pneumatic separation channel 5 by the discharge valve 16 is discharged to the outside. The air cleaned in the settling chamber 7 enters the fan 1 through the air supply channel 3, crossing the end part of the pneumatic separation channel 4 of the first pneumatic system in the form of expanding channels 23, to perform the subsequent process.

High quality cleaning of the grain material in the pneumatic separating channels 4 and 5 is achieved by controlling the speed in them by setting the flaps 24 and 25 in the corresponding positions. First, the required air velocity in the pneumatic separating channel 4 of the first cleaning system is set by changing the passage section of the end part of this channel by turning the shutter 25. Next to ensure the required velocity of air in the pneumatic separating channel 5, a shutter 24 is installed in an appropriate position, while In the second flow of cleaning air through the bypass passage 21 bypassing pneumoseparating channel 4.

The advantage of the proposed utility model in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning grain material, reducing the specific energy consumption of the process of pneumatic separation and metal consumption of the machine and the better sanitary and hygienic working conditions.

1.Oknin B.C., Gorbachev N.V., Terekhin A.A., Soloviev V.M. Machines for post-harvest grain processing.-M.: Agropromizdat, 1987.-238 p.

2.A.S. 860 889 USSR MKI 3 V 07 V 4/02. Pnevmoseparir skinny device of a grain cleaning machine / N.P. Sychugov, A.I. Burkov, N.I. Grabelkovsky, A.N. Kremnev, A.A. Gehtman.-No. 2859266 / 28-03: Claimed 06.11.79 // Discovery. Inventions.-198.-No. 33.-s. 31.

3.A.S. 1488030 USSR, MKI 4 V 07 V 4/02. Pneumo-separating device of a grain cleaning machine / Yu.P. A.N. Grabelkovsky, A.A. Gehtman, V.N. Efremov, A.I. Shamshev, B.I. Vorotnikov, N.P. Sychugov, A.I. Burkov, N.V. Zholobov.-No. 4258370 / 29-03: Claimed 08.06.87 // Discovery. Inventions.-1989.-No 23.-s. 45 is a prototype.

Literature

Applicant: Vyatka State Agricultural Academy. j - roTri7v / fL% L Lo4-3 Rector Academic G /. 5 T-5Ii S.L. Zhdanov

Claims (1)

A pneumatic separating device for a grain cleaning machine, including two pneumatic separating systems with settling chambers, pneumatic separating and air supply channels, a diametrical fan with a suction window and a discharge pipe, unloading devices located in the walls of the pneumatic separating channels, devices for removing grain and impurities, characterized in that in the first pneumatic system the settling chamber is located above the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system and enters its upper part, and the discharge the fan pipe through the bypass channel is in communication with the air supply channel of the second pneumatic system, the settling chamber of the second pneumatic system is connected to the suction window of the fan through the air supply channel crossing the end part of the pneumatic separation channel of the first pneumatic system in the form of expanding channels.