RU30633U1 - Grain separation device - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for separating the grain mixture, including closed suction systems with a diametrical fan, the discharge window of which is connected to the air supply channels of the suction systems, sedimentation chambers, feeding and loading devices, and a grating part located under the suction systems, characterized in that the diametrical fan is outside sedimentary chambers and its suction window communicates with the latter through the connecting duct and expansion chamber, and air opodvodyaschy second suction channel passes under reshetnoj part.

Description

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DEVICE FOR DISPLACEMENT OF GRAIN

The proposed utility model relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, as well as in the flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry for cleaning and sorting grain

A known grain cleaning machine containing a pneumatic separating device, including two closed aspiration systems, each of which has a dia1dial fan, air supply and aspiration channels, a sediment chamber, a shutter for controlling the speed in the aspiration channel, feeding and unloading devices, and a sieve mill located under the pneumatic separating device / I /.

A significant drawback of this SM-4 grain cleaning machine is the increased total and specific (per unit mass of processed grain material) energy consumption due to the pinning of two diametrical fans. Significant energy intensity of the pneumatic separation process is also due to the fact that dusty air is cleaned in a dust separator (filter) having a high aerodynamic resistance. In addition, part of the dust through the pores of the filter can flow outside, and when processing grain material on a sieve mill, additional dusting is created near the machine. All this improves the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff. In addition, the device has a complex ramified aspiration network, which increases the metal consumption, complicates the design and operation of the machine.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed utility model is a device for separating the grain mixture, which includes closed aspiration 1ZHI V07V 4/02

systems with a diametrical fan, the suction window of which is directly connected to the sedimentation chambers, and its discharge window with air ducts of the suction systems, feeding and unloading devices, and a grating part located under the aspiration systems / 2 / - prototype.

The presence in this device of one diametrical fan causes a decrease in the energy intensity of the pneumatic separation process. However, the diametral fan is located in the upper part of the device above the sedimentation chambers. Therefore, for supplying air to the lower part of the suction channels, along with horizontal sections, the air supply channels have vertical sections parallel to the suction channels, as a result of which the air supply channels that are connected to the suction channels at an angle of 180 ° are significantly extended (i.e., they form knee). For this reason, the hydraulic pressure loss of the air flow increases due to air friction against the walls of the air supply channels and to overcome local resistance in the and -shaped bends / 3,4 /, and therefore the power to create an air flow increases and, therefore, the specific energy consumption for processing grain material. In addition, another disadvantage of the device is the inability to control the air speed in aspiration systems independently of each other, which leads to a decrease in the quality of separation products. Otherwise, this device for separating the grain mixture by design is similar to the analogue, and therefore the processes in it are similar to the processes occurring in the analogue. Therefore, this machine has the same disadvantages as the analogue.

The essence of the proposed development lies in the fact that the known device for separating a grain mixture, including closed aspiration systems with a diametrical fan.

the discharge window of which is connected to the air supply channels of the aspiraidone systems, sedimentation chambers, feeding and unloading devices, and the grating part located under the suction systems, the diametric fan is moved outside the sedimentation chambers and its suction window communicates with the latter through the connecting duct and expansion chamber, and the air supply the second suction channel passes under the grating part,

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. At the same time, distinctive signs from the prototype give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The removal of the diametrical fan outside the sedimentary chambers eliminates the use of elongated loop-shaped circuits from the design of the device for separating the grain mixture, as a result of which resistance to air movement, i.e. pressure loss, is reduced. Since the power required for the drive of the diametrical fan is proportional to the pressure loss of the air flow / 3 /, the proposed device reduces the required power for the fan drive and thereby reduces the specific (per unit mass of the processed grain material) energy consumption.

When connecting the suction window of the diametrical fan with sedimentary chambers by means of a connecting duct and an expansion chamber, an organized supply of air flow to the fan is achieved, which leads to an improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the diametrical fan, as well as a decrease in the aerodynamic resistance of the suction system and thereby a decrease in the specific energy consumption.

The air flow is supplied to the second aspirapdi system. This circumstance determines the use of a closed aspiration system.

In addition, in the proposed development there is no cloth dust collector and, accordingly, the removal of part of the exhaust air out of the aspiration system as a result of using an exclusively closed aspiration system is excluded. All this leads to an improvement in the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff.

The presence of a swivel divider in the discharge pipe of the diametrical fan and the installation of a second throttle shutter in the air supply channel determines the independent regulation of air velocity in the suction channels, which leads to an increase in the quality of cleaning of grain material.

As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, which provides a positive effect, has significant differences.

The figure shows a diagram of a device for separating a grain mixture, General view.

The device for separating the grain mixture represents two closed suction systems and consists of a diametrical fan I, air supply channels 2 and 3 and suction channels 4 and 5, sedimentation chambers 6 and 7 with devices 8 and 9 for outputting light, impurities, connecting duct 10 and expansion chamber II . A supply mechanism 13 is installed in the window 12 of the suction channel 4, and a valve 14 is installed in the outlet section of the channel. The suction channel 5 has a supply window 15, and a valve 16 is installed in the output section of this channel. The discharge pipe 17 of fan I by divider 18 is divided into two channels, connected to the air supply ducts 2 and 3, which, in turn, are connected to the lower part of the aspiraton channels 4 and 5, the upper sections of which are introduced into the sedimentation chambers 6 and 7. The expansion chamber II and the connecting duct 10 are sequentially placed I am waiting for the fan inlet window I and the chambers 6 and 7. The diagram also shows a conditionally sieve part, consisting of a sieve 19 and an output tray 20. The air supply channel 3 of the second aspiration passes under the sieve part. A throttle valve 21 is installed in the outlet of channel 3.

A device for separating a grain mixture works as follows ...

The air flow created by the diametral fan I through the air supply channels l 2 and 3 is pumped into the suction channels 4 and 5, respectively. The feed mixture 13 introduces a grain mixture into the channel 4, in which light impurities stand out and are taken out into the sedimentation chamber 6 and deposited in her and device 8 are brought out. Purified from light impurities, the grain mixture is discharged by the outlet valve 14 to the sieve 19. On the sieve 19, small, glineral and organic impurities pass through and then enter the output tray 20, and the remaining components of the grain material are transported through the sieve 19 through the feed window 15 to the aspiration channel 5. In channel 5, crushed, broken and punctured grains are carried by a stream of air into the sedimentation chamber 7, deposited in it and the device 9 is removed outside the machine. The cleaned grain from the aspiration channel 5 by the valve 16 is discharged to the outside. The air purified in the sedimentation chambers 6 and 7, through the connecting duct 10 enters the expansion chamber II, and from it enters the diametrical fan I for subsequent use.

The regional operating mode of aspiration systems is achieved by setting the divider 18 and throttle 21 in the appropriate position.

The advantage of the proposed utility model in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning grain material, reducing the energy intensity of the process of pneumatic separation and improving the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff.

I. Machines for post-harvest grain processing / B.S.Oknin, I.V. Gorbachev, A.A. Terekhin, V.M. Soloviev.-M.: Agropromizdat, 1987. G. 38-42.

2.A.s. 969335 USSR, W IZ V07V 4/02 Device for separating a grain mixture by air flow / N.P. Sychugov, A. I. Burkov, N. I. Odintsov. No. 3232716 / 29-03; Stated January 6, 81 / Discoveries. Inventions. -1982. -) “40 is a prototype.

3.Kalinushkin M, P. Fan installations.-M.: Higher School, 1979.-223 p.

4. Reference book on hydraulic resistance / Edited by N.G. Kiseleva ..- 4th ed. , reslave. and additional - M.: Energy, 1972 .-- 312 p.

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Literature

Applicant:

Vyatka State Agricultural Academy

Rector.: ,,

Claims (1)

A device for separating the grain mixture, including closed suction systems with a diametrical fan, the discharge window of which is connected to the air supply channels of the suction systems, sedimentation chambers, feeding and loading devices, and a grating part located under the suction systems, characterized in that the diametrical fan is outside sedimentary chambers and its suction window communicates with the latter through the connecting duct and expansion chamber, and air opodvodyaschy second suction channel passes under reshetnoj part.