RU2196011C2 - Grain mixture separating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering, agricultural production, flour milling and food-concentrates industry. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has closed aspiration systems with cross-flow fan located outside settling chambers and having suction window communicated with settling chambers through connecting pipeline and expansion chamber and pressure window communicated with air supply channels of aspiration system, with feeding and discharge device. Sieve is positioned under aspiration systems. Second aspiration air feeding channel is equipped with baffle-type wall and positioned under sieve, which is arranged in chamber communicated through suction branch pipe with first aspiration settling chamber. EFFECT: increased efficiency in sorting and cleaning of grain material and reduced power consumption for pneumatic separation process. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, as well as in the milling and elevator and animal feed industry for cleaning and sorting grain.

 A known grain cleaning machine containing a pneumatic separating device comprising two closed aspiration systems, each of which has a diametrical fan, air supply and aspiration channels, a sediment chamber, a shutter for controlling the speed in the aspiration channel, feeding and unloading devices and a sieve mill located under the pneumatic separating device [ 1].

 A significant drawback of this SM-4 grain cleaning machine is the increased total and specific (per unit mass of processed grain material) energy consumption due to the use of two diametrical fans. Significant energy consumption of the pneumatic separation process is also due to the fact that dusty air is cleaned in a dust separator (filter) having a high aerodynamic resistance. In addition, part of the dust through the pores of the filter can flow outside, and when processing grain material on a sieve mill, additional dusting is created near the machine. All this worsens the sanitary conditions of the staff. In addition, the device has a complex ramified aspiration network, which increases the metal consumption, complicates the design and operation of the machine.

 The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the invention relates to a device for separating a grain mixture, including closed suction systems with a diametrical fan, the suction window of which is directly connected to the sedimentation chambers, and its discharge window with air supply channels of the suction systems, feeding and unloading devices, and the grating part located under the suction systems [2] is a prototype.

The presence of one diametrical fan in this device causes a reduction in the energy intensity of the pneumatic separation process. However, the diametral fan is located in the upper part of the device above the sedimentation chambers. Therefore, for supplying air to the lower part of the suction channels, along with the horizontal sections, the air supply channels have vertical sections parallel to the suction channels, as a result of which the air supply channels that are connected to the suction channels at an angle of 180 ^° are significantly extended (i.e. they form U-shaped knee). For this reason, hydraulic losses in the air flow pressure increase due to air friction against the walls of the air supply channels and to overcome local resistance in the U-shaped elbows [3, 4], and therefore the power to create an air flow increases, and, therefore, the specific energy consumption for processing grain material. In addition, another disadvantage of the device is the inability to control the air speed in aspiration systems independently of each other, which leads to a decrease in the quality of separation products. Otherwise, this device for separating the grain mixture by design is similar to the analogue, and therefore the processes in it are similar to the processes occurring in the analogue. Therefore, this machine has the same disadvantages as the analogue.

 The essence of the proposed development is that in the known device for separating the grain mixture, the diametrical fan is moved outside the sedimentary chambers and its suction window communicates with the latter through the connecting duct and expansion chamber, and with the louvered wall, the air supply channel of the second aspiration passes under the grating part, which located in the chamber, communicating through the suction pipe with the sedimentation chamber of the first aspiration.

 As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

 The removal of a diametrical fan outside the sedimentary chambers eliminates the use of elongated loop-shaped circuits from the design of the grain mixture separation device, as a result of which resistance to air movement, i.e. pressure loss, is reduced. Since the power required for the drive of the diametrical fan is proportional to the pressure loss of the air flow [3], the proposed device reduces the required power for the fan drive and thereby reduces the specific (per unit mass of processed grain material) energy consumption.

 When connecting the suction window of the diametrical fan with sedimentary chambers by means of a connecting duct and an expansion chamber, an organized supply of air flow to the fan is achieved, which leads to an improvement in the aerodynamic performance of the diametrical fan, as well as a decrease in the aerodynamic resistance of the aspiration system and thereby a decrease in the specific energy consumption.

 When passing through the louvered wall of the air supply channel of the second aspiration under the grating part, the air flow is supplied under the sieve. Under the influence of the air flow, the grain material on the sieve liquefies layer by layer, light and straw impurities “float” into the upper horizon, and crushed, broken, punctured and full grains with less windage appear in the lower horizon. As a result of this, the conditions for the separation of crushed, broken, punctured and full-weight grains from light and straw impurities on the sieve are improved, which ultimately affects the improvement of the quality of grain cleaning.

 As a result of the fact that the sieve mill is located in the chamber, the processing of grain material reduces the ingress of dust to the outside. Further, due to the fact that, through the suction pipe, the chamber in which the sieve mill is located communicates with the sedimentation chamber of the first aspiration, the suction and removal of dusty impurities into the aspiration system and their deposition in it is ensured by the action of a vacuum in the latter. In addition, in the proposed development there is no fabric dust collector and, accordingly, the removal of part of the exhaust air out of the aspiration system as a result of using an exclusively closed aspiration system is excluded. All this leads to an improvement in the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff.

 The presence of a rotatable divider in the discharge pipe of the diametric fan and the installation of a second throttle valve in the air supply channel causes independent control of the air speed in the suction channels, which leads to an increase in the quality of cleaning of grain material.

 As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect, has significant differences.

 The drawing shows a diagram of a device for separating a grain mixture, General view.

 The device for separating the grain mixture represents two closed aspiration systems and consists of a diametrical fan 1, air supply 2 and 3 and aspiration 4 and 5 channels, sedimentation chambers 6 and 7 with light impurity output devices 8 and 9, a connecting duct 10 and an expansion chamber 11. A feed mechanism 13 is installed in the window 12 of the suction channel 4, and a valve 14 is installed in the outlet section of the channel. The suction channel 5 has a feed window 15, and a valve 16 is installed in the output section of this channel. Pressure port 17 of the valve torus 1 divider 18 is divided into two channels connected to the air supply channels 2 and 3, which, in turn, are connected to the lower part of the suction channels 4 and 5, the upper sections of which are introduced into the sedimentary chambers 6 and 7. The expansion chamber 11 and the connecting duct 10 are sequentially placed between the suction window of fan 1 and chambers 6 and 7. The diagram also shows a conditionally grating part, consisting of a sieve 19 and output tray 20. The air supply channel 3 of the second aspiration passes under the grating part and has a louver ky 21 disposed directly below the sieve 19. The sieve portion is located in the chamber 22 communicating through a suction pipe 23 with the first chamber 6 sedimentary aspiration. In the tap of the channel 3 installed throttle valve 24.

 A device for separating a grain mixture works as follows.

 The air flow created by the diametrical fan 1 through the air supply channels 2 and 3 is pumped into the suction channels 4 and 5, respectively. The feed mixture 13 introduces a grain mixture into the channel 4, in which light impurities are released from it and carried out by the air stream into the sedimentation chamber 6, deposited in it and device 8 is brought out. The grain mixture purified from light impurities is discharged by a discharge valve 14 to the sieve 19. At the same time, air flow is supplied through the louvered wall 21 of the channel 3 under the sieve 19. Under the influence of the air flow, the grain material on the sieve 19 is liquefied layer by layer, light and straw impurities that are not allocated in channel 4 “float” into the upper horizon, which immediately enter the output tray 20, but crushed, broken, punctured and full grains with less windage, turn out to be in the lower horizon and, accordingly, passing through the sieve 19, then transported by the air flow through the louvered wall 21, enter the channel 5 through the supply window 15. In channel 5, crushed, broken and punctured grains are deposited by the air stream th camera 7 are deposited in it and the device 9 are displayed outside of the machine. The cleaned grain from the suction channel 5 by the valve 16 is discharged to the outside. Dusty impurities from the chamber 22, where the sieve part is located, are sucked through the suction pipe 23 into the sedimentation chamber 6 under the action of a vacuum in the latter, and then precipitated therein. The air purified in the sedimentation chambers 6 and 7, through the connecting duct 10 enters the expansion chamber 11, and from it enters the diametrical fan 1 for subsequent use.

 A rational mode of functioning of aspiration systems is achieved by setting the divider 18 and throttle valve 24 in the appropriate position.

 The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning of grain material, reducing the energy intensity of the process of pneumatic separation and improving the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of staff.

Literature
1. Machines for post-harvest grain processing / B.S. Oknin, I.V. Gorbachev, A.A. Terekhin, V.M. Soloviev. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987, p. 38-42.

 2. A.S. 969335 USSR, MKI 3 V 07 V 4/02. A device for separating a grain mixture by air flow / N.P. Sychugov, A.I. Burkov, N.I. Odintsov. - 3232716 / 29-03; Application 01/06/81 // Discoveries. Inventions, 1982, 40 - prototype.

 3. Kalinushkin M.P. Fan installations. - M.: Higher School, 1979. - 223 p.

 4. Handbook of hydraulic resistance / Ed. P.G. Kiseleva. - 4th ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Energy, 1972. - 312 p.

Claims (1)

 A device for separating the grain mixture, including closed aspiration systems with a diametrical fan, the discharge window of which is connected to the air supply channels of the aspiration systems, sedimentation chambers, feeding and unloading devices, and a grating part located under the suction systems, characterized in that the diametrical fan is outside sedimentary chambers and its suction window communicates with the latter through the connecting duct and expansion chamber, and with tips The air supply channel of the second aspiration passes under the lattice part, which is located in the chamber, which communicates through the suction pipe with the sedimentation chamber of the first aspiration, using a wall.