RU2586160C1 - Microwave apparatus for disinfection of grain and grain-products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in devices for decontamination of grain and grain-products. UHF installation has mounting post on which there is cylindrical stationary shielding housing from non-ferromagnetic material with inlet and outlet nozzles. On upper base - cover microwave generator units are arranged so that their radiators are directed inside shielding housing. Inside housing there is rotor in form of two flat horizontal discs, between which along concentric circle are rigidly fixed lower part of cylindrical resonating chambers (movable parts), made in form of vertical squirrel cages, assembled from non-ferromagnetic bushings is less than quarter of wavelength. Lower disc is made of non-ferromagnetic material, top disc is made of fluoroplastic. In gap between upper fluoroplastic disc and cover case there are upper parts of resonating chambers (stationary parts), made in form of ball segments containing central axis of dielectric bushing, inside of which are directed corresponding radiators of microwave generator units. Intake pipe is located above hole in case cover and upper dielectric disc along central axis, and outlet branch pipe is on the side surface of housing. Diameter of spherical segment is equal to diameter of squirrel-cage. Inspection window is made of non-ferromagnetic fine mesh, coated with heat-resistant glass, protects against leakage of microwave currents.

EFFECT: use of the invention will improve the quality of the resulting product.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technology of flour, cereal, feed production and relates to methods and devices for disinfecting grain and grain products in a dry way.

The closest analogs are entolators, where grain disinfection is carried out due to repeated shock action. They are also used for additional grinding of grains after roller mills. The main working body in them is the rotor. It is made in the form of two flat horizontal disks, between which two rows of bushings are located on concentric circles. The rotor is mounted in a fixed cylindrical housing [1, p. 72].

After analyzing the technologies and technical means, for disinfecting grain and grain products, it was found that technologies using infrared radiation (IR) (micronizer), electromagnetic field energy of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave) are common [2, patent No. 2502450; 3, patent No. 2489068].

Disadvantages - with the combined effects of IR and EMFFS on grain and grain products, there are quite large energy costs.

The present invention is intended for the disinfection of grain and grain products due to multiple impacts, intense friction between grains located in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency.

An object of the invention is the intensification of the technological process of disinfecting grain and grain products with improving the quality of the product with reduced energy costs.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the microwave installation for disinfecting grain and grain products has mounting racks 15 on which a cylindrical stationary shielding housing 1 of non-ferromagnetic material with a receiving pipe 10 and an outlet pipe 13 is installed.

Three ultra-high frequency generator units 7 are mounted on the upper base - lid 11 so that their emitters are directed inside the shielding case 1. Inside the case 1 there is a rotor made in the form of two flat horizontal disks 5 and 6, between which the lower parts are rigidly fixed along a concentric circle cylindrical resonator chambers (mobile parts) 2. Which are vertically arranged squirrel cages collected from non-ferromagnetic bushings 3 with a gap of less than a quarter of the wavelength. In this case, the lower disk 6 is made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the upper disk 5 is made of fluoroplastic. In the gap between the upper fluoroplastic disk 5 and the cover 11 of the shielding housing 1 along the concentric circle are the upper parts of the resonator chambers 4 (stationary parts). A dielectric sleeve 9 is inserted in the upper part of the resonator chamber 4 along the central axis, which allows the emitter of the microwave generator block 7. The number of generator blocks differs from the number of the lower parts of the resonator chambers 2. The receiving pipe 10 is located above the hole in the housing cover 11 and the upper dielectric disk 5 central axis. The exhaust pipe 13 is located on the side surface of the shielding housing 1. The rotor (2, 5, 6) is driven by an electric motor 14. The viewing window 12 is made of a non-ferromagnetic fine-mesh network coated with heat-resistant glass.

In FIG. 1 shows a microwave installation for disinfecting grain and grain products: 1 - shielding housing; 2 - lower (mobile) parts of the resonator chamber; 3 - bushings of non-ferromagnetic material; 4 - upper (stationary) parts of the resonator chamber; 5 - dielectric disk; 6 - disk of non-ferromagnetic material; 7 - microwave generator blocks; 8 - emitter inside the dielectric sleeve 9; 10 - a receiving branch pipe; 11 - the cover of the shielding housing with a viewing window 12; 13 - exhaust pipe; 14 - an electric motor; 15 - mounting rack.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of a microwave installation for disinfecting grain and grain products: 7 - microwave generator blocks; 10 - a receiving branch pipe; 11 - the cover of the shielding housing with a viewing window 12; 13 - exhaust pipe.

In FIG. 3 shows a section of a microwave installation for disinfecting grain and grain products (top view in section): 1 - shielding case; 2 - lower (mobile) parts of the resonator chamber; 3 - bushings of non-ferromagnetic material; 6 - disk of non-ferromagnetic material; 7 - microwave generator blocks; 13 - exhaust pipe; 14 - electric motor.

In FIG. 4 shows the mobile part and the stationary part of the resonator chamber: 2 - the lower (mobile) part of the resonator chamber; 3 - bushings of non-ferromagnetic material; 4 - upper (stationary) part of the resonator chamber; 8 - emitter inside the dielectric sleeve 9.

In FIG. 5 shows a microwave generator unit for disinfecting grain and grain products: 4 - upper (stationary) parts of the resonator chamber; 7 - microwave generator blocks; 8 - emitter inside the dielectric sleeve 9; 11 - cover of the shielding housing.

Microwave installation for disinfecting grain and grain products consists of (Fig. 1): shielding housing 1; lower (mobile) parts of the resonator chamber 2; bushings of non-ferromagnetic material 3; the upper (stationary) parts of the resonator chamber 4; dielectric disk 5; a disk of non-ferromagnetic material 6; Microwave generator blocks 7; emitters 8 inside the dielectric bushings 9; receiving pipe 10; the cover of the shielding housing 11 with a viewing window 12; exhaust pipe 13; an electric motor 14; mounting racks 15.

On the mounting racks 15 (Fig. 1), a cylindrical stationary shielding housing 1 is installed. The upper base is a cover 11 containing a viewing window 12. In the center of the cover there is an opening for mounting the receiving pipe 10 (Fig. 2). An outlet pipe 13 is installed on the side surface of the shielding housing. Both pipes are made of a non-ferromagnetic material of cylindrical shape. The diameter and length of the nozzles 10, 13 are consistent with the wavelength of the microwave range in order to limit radiation. Therefore, the inlet and outlet pipes act as transcendental waveguides. The receiving pipe 10 is located above the Central holes: in the cover 11 of the housing and the upper dielectric disk 5. On the upper base of the cylindrical shielding housing 1 are microwave generator blocks 7 so that their emitters are directed inside the housing 1. Inside the housing 1 is a rotor (Fig. 1 and 3), made in the form of two flat horizontal disks 5 and 6, between which the lower parts of the cylindrical resonator chambers (mobile parts) 2 are rigidly fixed along a concentric circle.

Mobile resonator chambers 2 are vertically arranged squirrel cages (Fig. 4) assembled from non-ferromagnetic bushings 3 with a gap of less than a quarter of the microwave wavelength (for example, at a frequency of 2450 MHz, the wavelength is 12.24 cm, therefore, the gap between the bushings should be less than 3.08 cm).

The lower disk 6 is made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the upper disk 5 is made of fluoroplastic. In the center of the upper disk there is a hole for feeding grain into the working chamber - the rotor. In the gap between the upper fluoroplastic disk 5 and the cover 11 of the shielding housing 1 along the concentric circle are the upper parts of the resonator chambers 4 (stationary parts). They are made in the form of spherical segments (Figs. 4 and 5) and contain dielectric bushings 9 on the central axis. These bushings exclude corona between the emitter and the surface of the cover 11 of the shielding housing 1. Corresponding emitters from the microwave generator blocks 7 are directed inside the dielectric bushings 9. Diameter ball (spherical) segments coincides with the diameter of the lower parts of the cylindrical resonator chambers. The number of microwave generator blocks 7 affects the performance of the installation, their number differs from the number of the lower parts of the resonator chambers 2. In this case, the rotor (2, 5, 6) is driven by an electric motor 14. The viewing window 12 is made of a non-ferromagnetic fine-mesh mesh coated with heat-resistant glass protecting against leakage of microwave currents.

The workflow in the installation is as follows. The electric motor 14 is turned on to drive the rotor 2, 5, 6. The feedstock through the inlet pipe 10 enters the space between the disks 5 and 6 of the rotor, through the hole in the upper dielectric (fluoroplastic) disk 5. All the microwave generator blocks are turned on 7. In the resonator chambers 2 , 4 an electromagnetic field of superhigh frequency is formed. The grain inside the squirrel cage is exposed to microwave EMF during its movement when docked with the stationary part of the resonator chamber. When the rotor rotates under the action of centrifugal inertia and air flow, the products of grain grinding move from the center to the periphery of the rotor, are thrown into the zone of the resonator chambers 2, where it receives the first impact. Then the grain is captured and accelerated by the bushings and centrifugal forces are thrown onto the shielding housing 1, where it receives a second impact action.

As a result, living pests are destroyed, damaged grains with larvae are destroyed, and the larvae mainly die due to heating in the microwave electromagnetic field. Due to repeated impacts on the bushings 3 and the housing 1, the grain products are further crushed. The disinfected grain and the crushed product is discharged through the outlet pipe 13.

The feed of the source grain through the receiving pipe 10 into the working chamber, the power of the microwave generators and the rotor speed are regulated.

The installation allows to reduce energy costs for the disinfection of grain and grain products, to improve their energy value. Under the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency (EMF microwave), polarization of dipoles occurs, due to which endogenous heat is generated in the grain. Capillary moisture intensively passes into steam, causing a sharp increase in pressure in the grain. The transition of moisture to a vapor state and its expulsion to the surface of the grain occur as a result of excessive pressure. The content of water-soluble substances increases, which positively affects the organoleptic properties and texture of the product. Along with this, pests of grain stocks, their larvae and pathogenic microflora of grain are destroyed. Due to the short duration of exposure to microwave EMF, the vitamin complex of the product is almost completely preserved.

Information sources

1. Butkovsky, V.A. Technology of flour, cereal and animal feed production. - M .: IN "Agropromizdat", 1989. - 464 p.

2. Patent No. 2502450 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23N 17/00. Microwave induction installation for micronization of grain. M.V. Belova, A.A. Belov, G.V. Novikov. Applicant and patent holder of ChSHA (RU). - No. 2011128532/13; declared 07/08. 2011, publ. 12/27/2013. Bull. No. 36. - 6 p.

 3. Patent No. 2489068 of the Russian Federation, IPC A23N 17/00. Microwave induction installation of drum type for micronization of grain. / M.V. Belova, G.V. Novikova, O.V. Mikhailova, A.A. Belov; Applicant and patent holder of ChSHA (RU). - No. 2012100432; declared 01/10/2012, publ. 08/20/2013. Bull. No. 22. - 8 p.

Claims (1)

A microwave installation for disinfecting grain and grain products, characterized in that it has mounting racks on which a cylindrical fixed, non-ferromagnetic, shielding housing with receiving and exhaust pipes and a viewing window is installed, and microwave generator blocks are located on its upper base - lid, that their emitters are directed inside the shielding case, inside of which there is a rotor in the form of two flat horizontal disks, between which the lower part is rigidly fixed along a concentric circle parts of cylindrical resonator chambers made in the form of vertically arranged squirrel cages assembled from non-ferromagnetic bushings with a gap of less than a quarter of the wavelength, while the lower disk is made of non-ferromagnetic material, and the upper disk is made of fluoroplastic, and in the gap between the upper fluoroplastic disk and the cover the shielding housing in a concentric circle are the upper parts of the resonator chambers, made in the form of spherical segments containing dielectric bushings along the central axis, inside whose corresponding emitters are from the microwave generator blocks, the number of which differs from the number of the lower parts of the resonator chambers, the diameter of the spherical segment being equal to the diameter of the squirrel cage, the receiving pipe is located above the central holes in the housing cover and in the upper dielectric disk, and the exhaust pipe is on the side the surface of the shielding housing, the rotor is driven by an electric motor, and the inspection window is made of a non-ferromagnetic fine-mesh mesh coated with a thermostat ykim glass.

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