RU2667751C2 - Microwave installation with spherical resonators for thermal processing of fat-containing raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.SUBSTANCE: microwave installation with spherical resonators for thermal processing of fat-containing raw materials is characterized by the fact that within a hemispherical shielding housing located in the vertical plane, bottom perforated hemispheres made of nonferromagnetic material are tightly fitted on the periphery of a circle. The perforated hemispheres are joined by upper nonferromagnetic hemispheres, forming perforated spherical resonators, where to emitters from microwave generators are directed. Generator units are installed on the cover of the shielding housing, the depth of which is equal to the radius of the upper hemisphere. Through the cylindrical cover base center of the shielding housing a chopping grinder mechanism is directed to the working chamber, electric-gas-discharge lamps, energized from kilocycle frequency generators located on the housing cover, are mounted around the chopping grinder mechanism inside the cover. Nonferromagnetic disc is placed in the center of the hemispherical shielding housing, so that its edge is inside the spherical resonators, where at the junction of the hemispheres there is a notch with a size larger than the thickness of the disc with radial guides and raw materials. Shaft, wherein the disc is fixed, is mounted in bearing assemblies with transmission devices and an electric motor, located on the outside of the hemispherical shielding housing having a drain pipe connected to a transporting pump.EFFECT: invention allows to achieve the continuity of the technological process and universality for thermal processing of different raw materials of animal origin, increase the bactericidal effect during processing.5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to meat and fat production and can be used for heat treatment and disinfection of fat-containing raw materials in order to melt fat at low operating costs to obtain safe products. In order to extract fat from soft fat-containing tissue, it is necessary to destroy the protein structure containing fat, transfer it from the intracellular phase to the extracellular, free phase and then remove it to the external environment. The raw materials are beef, pork, mutton, bird and bone fat, namely: omentum lining the abdominal cavity; perineal, mesenteric fat; trimmed fresh pork fat; subcutaneous fat; fat udder of young cattle; trimming when cutting meat; adipose tissue from the stomach; fat after skinning; intestinal fat, etc.

The most widely used is the thermal method of extracting fat from raw fat - refluxing, which is carried out wet (with the addition of 20 ... 50% water to the mass of raw materials) and dry methods.

The wet method is that in the processing process, the raw fat is in direct contact with water or hot steam. The addition of water or steam contributes to the destruction of adipose tissue, it is advisable to carry out the fat melting in a wet way under short-term exposure to elevated temperatures. As a result of this treatment, a three-phase system is obtained containing fat, broth and squash.

In the dry method, the raw fat is heated through the contact surface (steam jacket). The moisture contained in the raw material evaporates and is removed under vacuum. As a result of thermal denaturation of protein substances, the shells of fat cells containing fat are destroyed and fat is released. After firing, a two-phase system is obtained, consisting of dry greasy greaves and fat. Disadvantages - high energy consumption and reduced organoleptic indicators of melted fat (taste, smell and color). To implement this method using a screw melter, consisting of a cylindrical body, which is equipped with a steam jacket and a screw drum [1].

Known apparatus for heating fat with hot steam brand Y8-FIB. It consists of a cylindrical body, a drum, a feed pipe from the top, an electric motor, and a control cabinet. A loading hatch and a pipe for supplying steam are located on the housing cover. In the lower part of the housing there is a pipe for the removal of grease. The steam chamber is formed by the side walls of the housing. The inner and outer perforated surfaces of the drum are arranged coaxially in one another, knives are installed in the bottom of the drum.

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the long duration of contact of the fat-containing raw materials with a high-temperature coolant, which reduces the quality of fat and greaves [1].

There are substantial reserves for increasing the efficiency of the technological process due to the improvement of methods for extracting fat, reducing its loss, namely, the use of electromagnetic radiation energy for refluxing fat.

Known microwave vacuum installation "Monsoon", designed for heat treatment of products. Product containers are placed inside the cavity chambers. Mixing of the product is carried out by rotating the containers. Microwave energy is supplied from microwave generators located at the ends of cylindrical chambers. Such an installation is very expensive, a single-chamber installation is higher than 400 thousand rubles and is complicated by a vacuum system.

The prototype is patent No. 2600697 "Microwave installation for melting fat" [2]. The crushed fat mass enters the space between the two discs, where the particles of the raw material are sent to the spherical parts of the resonator chamber by the blade feeder, which are perforated. A cylindrical shielding case with a conical bottom is installed on the mounting frame, inside of which is a rigidly mounted resonator chamber made of a cylindrical part and spherical parts. Each spherical part of the resonator chamber is represented by two hemispheres, the lower hemisphere is perforated. On the upper base of the cylinder there is a grinding mechanism. The bottom of the shielding housing is connected to a transfer pump for pumping molten grease.

The proposed methodology for the design of a microwave installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials is aimed at ensuring:

1) the continuity of the process;

2) high electric field strength in raw materials in order to achieve a bactericidal effect;

3) the complex effects of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths;

4) high intrinsic Q-factor of resonators;

5) radio leakage of the installation;

6) universality for heat treatment of various raw materials of animal origin;

7) the uniform distribution of the electric field and raw materials in the resonator;

8) variations in plant performance;

9) dismantling the nodes.

The following is a description of the implementation of the technical requirements for the structural design of a microwave installation for heat treatment of raw materials.

1. Continuity is achieved through perforation of resonators, the use of a dissector.

2. High tension up to 5 kV / cm, at which the bacterial microflora is destroyed, is achieved due to the small volume of the resonators.

3. The complex effect of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths is achieved due to an additional source of kilohertz frequency, providing a corona discharge between an electric-gas discharge lamp, raw materials and a rotating disk. In this case, ozone is released in the space of the working chamber.

4. High intrinsic Q-factor of the resonator is achieved due to its spherical design.

5. The radio-tightness of the installation is achieved through the use of a shielding case made of non-ferromagnetic material and transcendental waveguides in place of the receiving and unloading pipes.

6. The universality of the installation for a wide class of raw materials is achieved by adjusting the diameter of the holes of the perforation of the resonators and the characteristics of the pump of a viscous product.

7. The uniformity of the distribution of the electric field and the raw materials in the resonator is achieved due to its spherical design and the use of a dissector. The dissector simultaneously ensures the distribution of raw materials from the central part to the spheres and the protection of neighboring magnetrons from the reflected radiation flux.

8. The increase in plant productivity is achieved through the use of several low-power generators that provide the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency on the raw materials in the ozonized working chamber to increase the bactericidal effect.

9. The quick dismantling of the units of the installation provides sanitization of the working chamber after the heat treatment of raw materials.

The technical result is achieved in that the microwave installation with spherical resonators for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials contains inside a hemispherical shielding housing,

located in a vertical plane, around the periphery of the circle, rigidly mounted lower perforated hemispheres of non-ferromagnetic material, which are joined by the upper non-ferromagnetic hemispheres, forming perforated spherical resonators, where emitters from microwave generators are directed, mounted on the cover of the shielding enclosure, the depth of which is equal to the radius of the hemisphere,

moreover, through the center of the base of the cylindrical cover of the shielding case, a grinding top of the grinder is directed into the working chamber, around which inside the cover are installed electric-gas discharge lamps powered from kilohertz frequency generators located on the cover of the case,

at the same time, a non-ferromagnetic disk is installed in the center of the hemispherical shielding case so that its edge is inside the spherical resonators, where at the junction of the hemispheres there is a slot larger than the thickness of the disk with radial guides and raw materials

moreover, the shaft where the disk is mounted, is installed in the bearing units with gears and an electric motor located on the outside of the shielding housing having a drain pipe connected to the transfer pump.

In FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation with spherical resonators for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials: 1 - hemispherical shielding housing; 2 - lower perforated hemispheres; 3 - upper hemispheres; 4 - microwave generators; 5 - disk of non-ferromagnetic material; 6 - guides of non-ferromagnetic material; 7 - grinding mechanism (knives, grills, discharge screw); 8 - a receiving branch pipe; 9 - energy sources of kilohertz frequency with electric discharge lamps; 10 - cover of the shielding housing; 11 - hinge loops; 12 - disk drive shaft; 13 - drain pipe with valve; 14 - gear pump.

In FIG. 2 shows a spatial image of the installation without a top cover: 1 - hemispherical shielding housing; 2 - lower perforated hemispheres; 5 - disk of non-ferromagnetic material; 6 - guides of non-ferromagnetic material; 11 - hinge loops; 12 - disk drive shaft; 13 - drain pipe with valve; 14 - gear pump.

In FIG. 3 shows a spatial image of the nodes attached to the cover of a hemispherical shielding housing (top view of the cover): 4 - microwave generators; 7 - grinding mechanism (knives, grills, discharge screw); 8 - a receiving branch pipe; 9 - energy sources of kilohertz frequency with electric discharge lamps; 10 - cover of the shielding housing.

In FIG. 4 shows a spatial image of the nodes attached to the cover of a hemispherical shielding case (view from the inside of the cover): 3 - upper hemispheres; 4 - microwave generators; 7 - grinding mechanism (knives, grills, discharge screw); 8 - a receiving branch pipe; 9 - energy sources of kilohertz frequency with electric discharge lamps; 10 - cover of the shielding housing.

FIG. 5 - prototype "Monsoon -1".

A microwave installation with spherical resonators (2, 3) for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials contains a hemispherical shielding housing 1, inside of which perforated hemispheres 2 (lower parts of spherical resonators) are installed around the circumference of the circle. In the center of the hemispherical shielding housing 1 is installed non-ferromagnetic disk 5 on the shaft 12 of the electric drive. On the upper surface of the non-ferromagnetic disk 5 there are radial guides 6. The disk 5 in conjunction with the radial guides 6 perform the function of a dissector, which ensures uniform distribution of the electric field and the crushed raw materials into the spherical resonators 2, 3. The cover 10 of the shielding housing 1 is made in the form of a cylinder. The upper hemispheres 3 are mounted on the inner side of the cylinder base, so that they are joined with the lower perforated hemispheres 2, forming perforated spherical resonators. Moreover, between the hemispheres 2 and 3 there is a slot, the size of which does not limit the rotation of the non-ferromagnetic disk 5 with the radial guides 6. On the upper base of the shielding cover 10, microwave generators 4 are installed around the perimeter so that the emitters are directed through openings into the perforated spherical resonators 2, 3. B the center of the base of the shielding cover 10 mounted nodes of the grinding mechanism (grates, knives, discharge screw) with a receiving pipe 8. This function of grinding the raw materials can perform "Volchek". At the same time, sources of energy of kilohertz frequency 9 are installed coaxially with microwave generators 4 closer to the center of the base of the lid so that the electric discharge lamps are directed inward, above the non-ferromagnetic disk 5. At the bottom of the spherical shielding housing there is an opening to which the drain pipe with valve 13 and the gear pump are docked 14. The cylindrical cover 10 is attached to the hemispherical shielding housing 1 using hinge loops 11.

The technological process of heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials is as follows. It is necessary to turn on the electric drive motor of the disk 5 mounted on the shaft 12, and then turn on the drive “Top” 7. The fat-containing raw materials are crushed through the receiving pipe 8 using the top and rotates onto the rotating disk 5. The space between the disk 5 and the cover of the shielding case 10 forms a working chamber. Due to the centrifugal force and radial guides 6, the crushed raw material is discharged into the perforated spherical resonators 2, 3. If there is raw material in the resonators, then turn on the microwave generators 4 and kilohertz frequency generators 9, the electric discharge lamps of which coronate upon contact with the raw material and ozonize the air in the working chamber that provides a bactericidal effect. A dissector (non-ferromagnetic disk with guides 5, 6) helps to level the electromagnetic field in the volume of spherical resonators (2, 3). The crushed raw materials in perforated spherical resonators are exposed to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, are heated endogenously, fat is melted, and the squash is destroyed to small particles and passes through the perforations of the spherical resonators. The molten fat mass enters the storage tank (in a hemispherical shielding casing 1) and is pumped through the drain pipe 13 by a pump 14. The radiation flux through the perforation in the spherical resonators and the slots in them will close in the melted fat after repeated reflection from the spherical surface of the shielding casing 1. Product it is disinfected not only due to ozone, but also due to the high electric field strength of ultrahigh frequency. Therefore, the volume of each spherical resonator is recommended not to exceed 2.6 liters, and the diameter of the sphere is recommended not to exceed 1.5 times the wavelength, which ensures high electric field strength when using low-power microwave generators from microwave ovens. The melted fat and squash through the cavity perforation are pumped out using a gear pump 14. The flow rate is controlled by a valve in the drain pipe 13. After the process is completed, turn off the “Volchek”, the disk drive and microwave generators, then pump 14. For sanitization of the working chamber of the installation open the cover 10, which is fixed through the hinge hinges 11 with a hemispherical shielding housing 1, rinse with detergent. Disassemble the grinding mechanism (knives, grates, discharge screw), rinse, dry and assemble the units back.

The disk rotation speed, the volume of crushed raw materials in spherical resonators (2, 3) affect the performance of the installation. The installation provides process continuity with a wide range of properties of the feedstock. The process of heat treatment and disinfection of fat-containing raw materials is automated. Temperature control is carried out through the viewing window using a thermal imager. Productivity of the installation depends on the quantity and power of microwave generators, electrophysical parameters of raw materials. The final product (a mixture of fat with greaves) is of high quality, as it is completely disinfected due to the combined effects of an electric field of high tension and ozone. Due to the improvement of microbiological indicators, the shelf life of the product increases. The product should be stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2 ... 10 ° C. The advantages of this method of heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials are increased fat stability and the possibility of non-waste processing of raw fat. The installation operates in continuous mode, it is equipped with a control panel with a radiation power regulator, a timer, buttons for turning on and off the generators, the drive of the disk and the Top, signal lamps, etc.

Information sources

1. Ivashov, V.I. Technological equipment for the meat industry. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M .: Kolos, 2001 .-- 552 p. (S. 332).

2. Patent No. 2600697 of the Russian Federation, IPC. Microwave installation for melting fat / I.M. Selivanov, M.V. Belova, A.A. Belov, I.G. Ershova, G.V. Novikova, O.V. Mikhailova; Applicant and patent holder of ANOVO ATU (RU). - No. 2015117451; declared 04/28/2015. Bull. No. 30 dated 03/10/2016.

Claims (5)

The microwave installation with spherical resonators for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials is characterized by that inside the hemispherical shielding case located in a vertical plane, the lower perforated hemispheres of non-ferromagnetic material are rigidly mounted around the circumference of the circle, which are joined by the upper non-ferromagnetic hemispheres, forming perforated spherical resonators, where the emitters from microwave generators are directed, installed on the cover of the shielding case, the depth of which is hemisphere radius moreover, through the center of the base of the cylindrical cover of the shielding case, a grinding top of the grinder is directed into the working chamber, around which inside the cover are installed electric-gas discharge lamps powered from kilohertz frequency generators located on the cover of the case, at the same time, a non-ferromagnetic disk is installed in the center of the hemispherical shielding case so that its edge is inside perforated spherical resonators, where at the junction of the hemispheres there is a slot larger than the thickness of the disk with radial guides and raw materials, moreover, the shaft where the disk is mounted is installed in the bearing units with gears and an electric motor located on the outside of the hemispherical shielding housing having a drain pipe connected to the transfer pump.

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