RU2537552C1 - Thermal treatment plant for farm animal blood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: plant comprises a cylindrical shielding housing at the layout table with a unit of starting and protective equipment. Inside the housing there is a wheel-shaped rotor driven by the gear-motor drive. Along the whole rotor perimeter there are lower parts of cylindrical resonating chambers with silicone coating inside, which are mounted vertically. The lateral sides tough, and their number depends on the rotor diameter. The lower parts of resonating chambers are covered by a pulling rim up to the area where thrust elements are located. The upper parts of resonating chambers are rigidly fixed at the rear side for SHF-generators so that the emitter is directed to the chamber inwards. For this purpose at the cylinder base there is an opening matching the emitter. Their number is equal to the number of SHF-generators. At the upper basis of the shielding housing there intermittent SHF-generators and IR-lamps along the perimeter, a dosing unit and the gear-motor drive to drive the rotor as well as an inspection door. At the lateral side of the shielding housing, in the thrust element zone, there is a discharge chute.

EFFECT: usage of the invention allows improvement of thermal treatment quality for farm animal blood.

11 dwg

Description

       The invention relates to the meat industry, in particular, can be used in the processing of livestock, namely blood.

         Blood of farm animals is a valuable raw material for the production of feed products. This is due to the content of complete proteins in it (about 40% of all proteins). The total amount of proteins in the blood is 16.5 ... 19% of the mass of blood. The amount of protein in the blood of cattle is 7 ... 8% of body weight; pigs - about 4.5%. With bleeding, about half of all blood is extracted. In the process of bleeding (cattle - 8 ... 10 min, pigs - 5 ... 6 min) carcass is extracted 50 ... 60% of all blood, which is about 4.5% of the mass of cattle, 3.5% of pigs.

       Blood coagulation time in cattle is 6.5 ... 10 min, in pigs 3.5 ... 5 min, horses 11.5 ... 15 min. As stabilizers use solutions of salts of phosphoric acid and sodium citrate. Blood used in whole sausage production is stabilized with sodium chloride in an amount of 2.5 ... 3% [1].

       Blood is cooked until ready by steam or a mixture of steam and air at a temperature of 100 ° C in special boilers. Coagulators of various designs are used for heat treatment of blood.

1. Blood with clots is fed into the coagulator of continuous action of the screw type by gravity, it is heated when it encounters hot steam to a temperature of 90 ... 95 ° C for 15 s. When the screw rotates inside the closed trough, the raw material is pressed, as a result of which part of the liquid is squeezed out. The performance of the coagulator for whole blood is about 120 kg / h [2].

         2. Alfa-Lamil injection-type blood coagulator has a mixer, inside which a steam nozzle and a louver chamber are installed. The blood entering the mixer is broken up by steam into thin streams, quickly heats up and coagulates. Using the throttle installed in the coagulator, you can adjust the degree of mixing of blood with steam and the throughput of the installation. The moisture content in the coagulator when using hot steam is 86..87%, the yield is about 80%. The productivity of the blood coagulator is 120 kg / h and can be regulated [2].

3. Screw coagulator of blood. The coagulation process takes place continuously. A screw is installed in the housing. A rotary feeder is attached to the lid, providing a uniform flow of blood. Blood enters the throat and then through the feeder into the internal cavity of the apparatus, where sharp steam with a pressure of 0.2 MPa is supplied simultaneously through the valve and perforated tube. The blood is heated to a temperature of 95 ° C for 10 seconds and is moved by a screw to the discharge hatch. In this case, blood clots are mixed and crushed. The auger rotates at a frequency of 0.3 rad / s and moves the mass along the apparatus for 90 s. The blood productivity of the device is 20 kg / h [2].

Analysis of existing coagulators indicates the following disadvantages:

- during blood coagulation with steam, the heating process proceeds unevenly and for a long time, and a layer of coagulated proteins forms on the heating surface, which impairs heat transfer, therefore a significant number of microbes contained in the blood do not die;

- coagulated blood mass contains up to 86% moisture;

- every 3 ... 4 hours of operation of the coagulator, it must be cleaned of the layer of blood adhering to the turns of the screw.

Therefore, when designing a blood coagulator on a new principle, conditions should be created that allow, at reduced energy costs, to cook and disinfect the raw materials in a continuous mode, eliminating overheating.

        Microwaves are known to have a sterilizing effect against staphylococci, Escherichia coli and other pathogenic microorganisms. A significant reduction in energy intensity is due to fundamentally different methods of heating the product. Using traditional methods, heat is transferred from the preheated air to the processed product. Microwave heating suggests that the heat source is the product itself, therefore, there are virtually no heat losses. In addition, the product is heated immediately in the entire volume, which ensures uniform distribution of moisture. This suggests the possibility of using microwave energy in the technology of heat treatment of blood.

   The technical result consists in intensifying the process of heat treatment of technical blood of farm animals in a continuous mode and in improving the quality of the finished product.

         The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for heat treatment of blood of farm animals contains on the mounting table with a control unit a cylindrical shielding case, inside of which there is a rotor in the form of a wheel, the lower parts of the cylindrical resonator chambers with silicone coating inside are vertically mounted through hinges moreover, the upper parts of the resonator chambers are rigidly fixed under the microwave generators so that the emitters are directed inside er, and microwave generators and infrared lamps are arranged alternating around the perimeter on the upper base of the shielding case, where the dispenser and gear motor for driving the rotor are installed, and there is a door, and an unloading tray is mounted on the side surface in the area of the stop element, moreover, the tension rim covers the lower parts of the resonator chambers to the stop element.

The drawings depict the installation for heat treatment of blood of farm animals and its individual nodes.

       Figure 1 shows a diagram of a plant for heat treatment of blood of farm animals: 1 - a cylindrical shielding case, 2 - a rotor, 3 - a hinge loop, 4, 5 - a cylindrical resonator chamber (lower part 4, upper part 5), 6 - microwave generator with emitter, 7 - IR heating lamps, 8 - geared motor with chain drive, 9 - tension rim, 10 - start-up protection unit (control unit), 11 - dispenser, 12 - inspection door, 13 - silicone coating, 14 - unloading tray, 15 - persistent element.

        Figure 2 shows a diagram of a plant for heat treatment of blood of farm animals (top view, without the upper base of the shielding case): 1 - a cylindrical shielding case, 2 - a rotor, 3 - a hinge loop, 4 - the lower part of the cylindrical resonator chamber, 8 - motor gearbox with chain transmission, 9 - tensioning rim, 10 - block of starting protection equipment (control unit), 13 - silicone coating, 14 - unloading tray.

        Figure 3 shows a diagram of a plant for heat treatment of blood of farm animals (side view): 1 - a cylindrical shielding case, 2 - a rotor, 3 - a hinge loop, 4, 5 - a cylindrical resonator chamber (lower part 4, upper part 5), 6 - a microwave generator with a radiator, 7 - IR heating lamps, 8 - a gear motor, 9 - a tension rim, 10 - a block of start-up equipment, 11 - a dispenser, 13 - a silicone coating, 14 - an unloading tray, 15 - a stop element.

 Figure 4 shows a diagram of a plant for heat treatment of blood of farm animals (side view, with the side surface of the shielding case open): 1 - a cylindrical shielding case, 2 - a rotor, 4, 5 - a cylindrical resonator chamber (lower part 4, upper part 5) , 6 - a microwave generator with a radiator, 7 - IR heating lamps, 8 - a gear motor, 10 - a block of start-up equipment, 11 - a dispenser, 15 - a stop element.

Figure 5 shows the installation for heat treatment of blood of farm animals (actual performance).

Figure 6 shows the installation for heat treatment of blood of farm animals without a shielding enclosure (top view, actual performance).

Figure 7 shows the installation for heat treatment of blood of farm animals without the upper base of the shielding housing (side view).

Fig. 8 shows the lower part of the resonator chambers with the inspection door open.

Figure 9 shows the lower parts of the resonator chambers with a thrust element.

Figure 10 shows the lower part of the resonator chamber, fixed with a hinge loop.

Figure 11 shows the lower parts of the resonator chambers during the rollover process.

Installation for heat treatment of blood of farm animals in a continuous mode is shown in figure 1-11. It consists of a cylindrical shielding housing 1, inside which there is a rotor 2 in the form of a wheel. On it around the perimeter with the help of hinge loops 3 are fixed many cylindrical resonator chambers (lower parts). Their lateral sides 4 are in contact, and the number depends on the diameter of the rotor 2. The upper parts 5 of the resonator chambers are rigidly fixed under the microwave generator 6 with the back so that the emitter is inside it. Their number is equal to the number of microwave generators. Microwave generators 6 and infrared heat sources 7 (IR lamps) are installed alternating on the upper base of the cylindrical shielding housing 1. To increase the productivity of the installation, alternating several microwave generator blocks with IR lamps are provided.

The rotor 2, made in the form of a wheel, is driven through a chain transmission from the gear motor 8. To fix the lower parts of the cylindrical resonator chambers in a vertical position, there is a tension rim 9. It holds the resonator chambers to the discharge sector. A control unit 10 is mounted on the side of the shielding case 1. On the upper base of the shielding case 1, in front of the first microwave generator, there is a dispenser 11 with a rotary shutter. The shutter is made of blades mounted along the shaft with scrapers. They serve to clean the neck of the dispenser 11 from the incoming blood. In front of the dispenser 11 there is a door 12 for controlling the rollover of the lower parts of the resonator chambers 4, the inner part of which is coated with silicone 13. An unloading chute 14 is installed on the side surface of the shielding casing 14. In its sector there is a special stop element 15, which helps to tip the resonator chambers (lower parts) and returning them to an upright position.

The process of heat treatment of blood of farm animals is as follows. Turn on the rotor drive 2 using a gear motor 14 and the dispenser drive 11. Blood (raw materials) is fed into the neck of the dispenser 11, from where a uniform flow of blood to the resonator chambers (to the lower parts 4) is provided with a rotating shutter as they move due to rotation rotor 2 using a gear motor 8. As the resonator chambers 4 are provided with raw materials under the appropriate source 6 and 7, they must be switched on in series. When docking the moving part of the resonator chamber 4 with its fixed upper base 5 from the microwave energy source 6 (magnetron emitter), the flow of electromagnetic radiation will be directed inside the cylindrical resonator chamber. Blood is exposed to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and is heated endogenously due to polarization currents. Further, outside the microwave generator 6, the raw materials in the cylindrical part of the resonator chamber during transportation are subjected to exogenous heating due to IR lamps 7. Due to the alternation of endo-exogenous heating, the raw material temperature increases to 95..100 ° С. Then, due to the special thrust element 15, each resonator chamber (lower part 4) is tipped over, the product slides into the discharge tray 14 due to the silicone coating 13 present in each resonator chamber. Due to the hinge loops 3 and the guides, the resonator chambers return to the vertical position. Next, the cameras are ready to receive new batches of raw materials. Boiled blood unloaded through tray 14 is packaged in a special consumer container and placed in a refrigerator. Shelf life at a temperature of 0 ... 8 ° C - no more than 2 days. During this time, the product must be consumed by farm animals.

Information sources

1. Bredikhin S.A. Technological equipment of meat processing plants. - M .: Kolos, 2000 .-- S. 266.

2.http: //mppnik.ru/publ/mjasnaja_i_rybnaja_promyshlennost/podgotovka_syrja_pri_proizvodstve_sukhikh_kormov_iz_ijasokostnogo_syrja_prodolzhenie/8-1-0-266.

Claims (1)

Installation for heat treatment of blood of farm animals, characterized in that it contains on the mounting table with a control unit a cylindrical shielding case, inside which there is a rotor in the form of a wheel, the lower parts of the cylindrical resonator chambers with a silicone coating inside are vertically mounted through hinges, moreover, the upper parts of the resonator chambers are rigidly fixed under the microwave generators so that the emitters are directed inside the chambers, and the microwave generators and IR -Lamps are arranged alternating around the perimeter on the upper base of the shielding housing, where the dispenser and gear motor for driving the rotor are installed, and there is a door, while an unloading tray is mounted on its lateral surface in the area of the stop element, with the lower parts of the resonator chambers covered by a tension rim to the stop element.

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