RU2581224C1 - Centrifugal device for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technological equipment of enterprises of meat processing industry and is intended for disinfecting and melting of fat from the milled fat-containing raw material. Centrifugal installation for fat-containing raw materials thermal treatment in UHF electromagnetic field comprises a frame for mounting components. Frame comprises stationary cylindrical shielding housing made from non-ferromagnetic material with intake pipe and inspection hole on the cover, tray and an electric motor with transmission mechanisms. Inside the tray there is a truncated cone to reparate support elements from the product, diameter of the upper base is equal to diameter of the cylinder. Inside the shielding housing there is coaxially arranged cylinder made of non-ferromagnetic material, forming a toroidal waveguide of rectangular section, and in horizontal plane there is a rotor disk, on which at the periphery there are lower perforated hemisphere resonating chambers. In the gap between the shielding housing cover and bottom perforated hemispheres of resonating chambers along concentric circle there are upper hemispheres of resonating chambers located. They comprise dielectric bushings along the central axis, with corresponding radiators of microwave generator units directed toward the interior. Intake pipe is located above the lower perforated hemispheres of resonator chamber through the hole on housing cover. Outlet branch pipe is coupled with a tray through the lateral surface of screening cylindrical body. Rotor-disk is driven by motor. Gaps between lower and upper hemispheres, as well as between rotor disk and cylinder are less than a quarter wavelength of microwave range.

EFFECT: intensified extraction and disinfection of fat from fat-containing raw materials and improved quality of fat and scale at reduced power consumption.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to technological equipment of the meat industry and is intended for the heating and disinfection of fat from crushed fat-containing raw materials.

Known equipment for the heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials of periodic (boilers, autoclaves) and continuous (screw, drum, rotor) actions, and there are also plants that combine heat treatment and grinding of raw materials. In these installations, raw materials are processed in large volumes, respectively, the duration of the heat treatment increases to 4 ... 5 hours, which means that the quality of fat and greaves is deteriorating. In addition, it is necessary to increase the sterilization temperature of the raw material, since during its storage at room temperature, the bacterial microflora rapidly multiplies, which adversely affects the quality of the finished product. In some continuous apparatuses (vibroextractors), the process of thermal extraction of fat is intensified by vibration of a heat transfer medium (water).

It is known that crushed pulp, fat-containing raw materials are processed in a dry way in an airtight boiler, into the jacket of which steam is supplied under a pressure of 0.3 ... 0.4 MPa. Then the raw materials are cooked and sterilized in a boiler at a pressure of 0.1 ... 0.15 MPa. The degree of fat extraction when using this method reaches 75% [1, p. 330].

Analogs are centrifugal machines for processing wool and mucous offal. For example, the MOS-1 machine has a cylindrical body and a disk rotor, as well as an electric motor with a transmission mechanism [1, p. 243 ... 246].

Known installation for heat treatment of crushed raw materials by the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave) [2].

The present invention is intended for the melting and disinfection of fat (from crushed fat-containing raw materials: pork fat, mezdra, bone).

The technological task of the invention is the intensification of the process of extracting and disinfecting fat from fat-containing raw materials and improving the quality of fat and pulp with reduced energy costs.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the centrifugal installation contains (Fig. 3) a stationary cylindrical shielding housing 1 of non-ferromagnetic material. In the cover 3 of the housing 1 has a pipe 4 and a viewing window. The housing 1, the pallet 10 and the electric motor with gears 12 are mounted on the bed 13. Inside the shielding housing 1 there is a coaxially located cylinder 15 of non-ferromagnetic material, as well as a horizontally located disk rotor 2. The lower perforated hemispheres 9 of the resonator chambers are installed on the latter at the periphery. Under the cover 3 of the shielding housing in a concentric circle, the upper hemispheres of the 8 resonator chambers are located. In each of the upper hemispheres, a dielectric sleeve 7 is installed in the center, inside of which a corresponding emitter 6 is directed from the microwave generator blocks 5. The cylinder 15 is rigidly attached to the cover 3 of the shielding housing 1. The receiving pipe 4 is located above the lower perforated hemisphere 9 of the resonator chamber, and the exhaust pipe 11 is docked with the pallet 10 through the side surface of the shielding housing 1. The pallet 10 contains a truncated cone 14, the diameter of the upper base of which is equal to the diameter of the cylinder 15. The disk rotor 2 is driven the distance from the electric motor 12. The annular space between the shielding housing 1 and the cylinder 15 forms a toroidal waveguide 16.

In FIG. 1 shows a centrifugal installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency: 1 - a shielding cylindrical body; 2 - perforated disc rotor; 3 - cover of the shielding housing with a viewing window; 4 - a receiving branch pipe; 5 - microwave generator blocks; 6 - emitter; 7 - dielectric sleeve; 8 - upper (stationary) hemispheres of the resonator chambers; 9 - lower (mobile) perforated hemispheres of the resonator chambers; 10 - pallet; 11 - exhaust pipe; 12 - an electric motor with gears; 13 - bed; 14 - truncated cone; 15 - cylinder; 16 - toroidal waveguide.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of a centrifugal installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency: 1 - shielding cylindrical body; 2 - perforated disc rotor; 3 - cover of the shielding housing with a viewing window; 4 - a receiving branch pipe; 5 - microwave generator blocks; 6 - emitter; 7 - dielectric sleeve; 8 - upper (stationary) hemispheres of the resonator chambers; 9 - lower (mobile) perforated hemispheres of the resonator chambers; 10 - pallet; 11 - exhaust pipe; 12 - an electric motor with gears; 13 - bed; 15 - cylinder; 16 - toroidal waveguide.

In FIG. 3 shows a section A-A of a centrifugal installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency: 1 - a shielding cylindrical body; 2 - perforated disc rotor; 9 - lower (mobile) perforated hemispheres of the resonator chambers; 11 - exhaust pipe; 15 - cylinder.

In FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a centrifugal installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency: 1 - shielding cylindrical body; 2 - perforated disc rotor; 3 - cover of the shielding housing with a viewing window; 4 - a receiving branch pipe; 5 - microwave generator blocks; 6 - emitter; 7 - dielectric sleeve; 8 - upper (stationary) hemispheres of the resonator chamber; 9 - lower (mobile) perforated hemispheres of the resonator chamber; 10 - pallet; 11 - exhaust pipe; 12 - an electric motor with gears; 13 - bed; 14 - truncated cone; 15 - cylinder; 16 - toroidal waveguide.

The centrifugal installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency (Fig. 1) contains a frame 13 for mounting components. On the bed are installed: a stationary cylindrical shielding housing 1 (made of non-ferromagnetic material) with a receiving pipe 4 and a viewing window on the cover 3, a pallet 10 and an electric motor 12 with gears. On the cover 3 of the shielding housing 1 (Fig. 1, 2), microwave generators 5 are installed so that their emitters 5 are directed into the hemispheres 8 of the resonator chambers through the holes in the shielding housing 1. The spherical resonator chambers are presented in the form of two hemispheres 8, 9. Moreover the upper hemispheres 8 are rigidly fixed under the cover 3 (stationary parts of the spherical resonator chambers), and the lower mobile parts 9 are perforated. A disk rotor 2 (Fig. 1) is horizontally located inside the shielding case 1, on which lower perforated hemispheres 9 (Figs. 1, 3) of the resonator chambers are mounted on the periphery. A non-ferromagnetic cylinder 15 is installed in the center of the rotor disk 2, coaxially to the housing 1. It is rigidly fixed by the base to the cover 3 (on the inside) of the shielding housing 1. In the annular space there are resonator chambers (stationary 8 and moving hemispheres 9). In the interval between the cover 3 of the shielding housing 1 and the perforated hemispheres 9, in a concentric circle, the upper hemispheres 8 of the resonator chambers are located.

In the center of each of the upper hemispheres contains a dielectric sleeve 7, inside of which is directed the corresponding emitter 6 from the microwave generator unit 5 (figure 4). The bushings exclude corona between the emitter 6 and the surface of the cover 3 of the shielding housing 1. The receiving pipe 4 is located on the cover 3 of the housing 1 and above the perforated hemisphere 9. The exhaust pipe 11 is located on the side surface of the shielding housing 1 and is docked with the pallet 10. Inside the pallet 10 there is a truncated cone 14 (for protecting the supporting elements from the product), the diameter of the upper base of which is equal to the diameter of the cylinder 15. The rotor disk 2 is driven by an electric motor 12. The viewing window is made of nephromagnet tnoj fine mesh coated with heat-resistant glass, protects against microwave leakage currents.

The lower perforated hemispheres of the resonator chambers are located vertically open part towards the upper stationary hemispheres (figure 4). The gap between the hemispheres, as well as the gap between the disk 2 and the cylinder 15 is less than a quarter of the wavelength of the microwave range. The rotor disk 2 is made of non-ferromagnetic material, and its annular part is perforated.

The number of microwave generator blocks 5 affects the performance of the installation. Under each generator block 5 are the upper hemispheres of the resonator chambers. Their number differs from the number of lower perforated hemispheres of the resonator chambers 5.

The annular space is a toroidal waveguide 16 of rectangular cross section.

The working process in the machine is as follows.

The electric motor 12 is turned on to rotate the disk rotor 2. The lower perforated hemispheres 9 are moved together with the rotor. The crushed fat-containing raw materials are loaded into the perforated hemispheres 9 through a pipe 4 installed in the hole on the covers 3 of the shielding case 1. The loading occurs during the movement of the perforated hemispheres 9. After filling all the perforated hemispheres 9 include all microwave generator blocks 5.

When docking the upper 8 and lower hemispheres 9, a volume resonator is formed, filled with a fat-containing raw material, where endogenous heat is generated due to the action of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave). In this case, microwave energy is supplied from the microwave generator unit 5 containing a magnetron with an emitter 6 directed through the dielectric sleeve 7 to the center of the upper hemisphere 8. The fat-containing raw materials located in the lower perforated hemisphere 9 are exposed to microwave EMF during movement when docked with the stationary part cavity chamber, i.e. with the upper hemisphere 8. Due to the dielectric heating of the crushed raw materials, fat is depleted.

In the process of microwave EMF exposure to raw materials, through perforations in the hemispheres 9 and through the gap between the hemispheres 8 and 9 of the resonator chamber (emitting slits), microwave waves propagate outside the volume resonator, i.e. electromagnetic waves propagate in a toroidal waveguide 16 of rectangular cross section, formed in the annular space between the shielding housing 1 and the cylinder 15. In this case, the flow of the traveling wave in the waveguide 16 is absorbed with raw materials located in the lower perforated spheres 9, not docked with the upper hemispheres 8. Thus , the quality factor of the electrodynamic system "microwave generator - volume resonator in the waveguide - fat-containing raw materials" increases.

Shkvara is chopped as follows. When the rotor disk 2 rotates, the raw material is carried away by the hemisphere 9 in motion and, under the action of centrifugal forces, inertial forces, and friction forces, is thrown to the periphery, due to which it is crushed. The melted fat and the crushed pulp leave through the perforation of the hemisphere 9 and accumulate in the pallet 10, flying out through the perforation of the rotor disk 2. The drive elements and support racks are protected from ingested fat by means of a truncated cone 14 fixed to the base of the pallet 10.

Through the outlet pipe 11 using a gear pump designed for viscous products, the molten fat mass (fat and pulp) with a temperature of 75 ... 80 ^about With is pumped from the pallet into the container.

The receiving 4 and outlet 11 pipes perform the functions of transcendental waveguides, their length and diameter are consistent with the wavelength (12.4 cm) so that limits the radiation to an acceptable level for staff.

Providing a high microwave electric field strength (1 ... 10 kV / cm), the product is completely disinfected.

The supply of the initial fat-containing raw materials through the receiving pipe 4 into the perforated hemispheres 9, the power of the microwave generators 5 and the rotational speed of the disk rotor are regulated.

The installation allows to reduce the energy costs of disinfecting and tracing fat from crushed fat-containing raw materials, to improve their energy value. Under the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMF microwave), polarization of dipoles occurs, due to which endogenous heat is generated in the feed. Capillary moisture intensively passes into steam, causing a sharp increase in pressure in the feed. The transition of moisture to a vapor state and its expulsion to the surface of the raw material occurs as a result of excessive pressure. The content of water-soluble substances increases, which positively affects the organoleptic properties and texture of the product. Due to the multiple pulsed effects of microwave EMF (short duration), the vitamin complex of the product is almost completely preserved.

Information sources

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment for the meat industry. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M .: Kolos, 2001 .-- 552 p.

2. Patent No. 2409915 of the Russian Federation, IPC H05B 6/64. Installation for diathermic processing of crushed raw materials / T.M. Grigoriev, M.V. Belova, G.V. Novikov; Applicant and patent holder of ChSHA (RU). - No.2010101203 / 07 (001598); declared 01/15/2010; publ. 01/20/2011. Bull. No. 2. - 12 p.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal installation for heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials in an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field, characterized in that it contains a frame on which a fixed cylindrical shielding housing made of non-ferromagnetic material is installed with a receiving nozzle and a viewing window on the lid, a pallet and an electric motor with gears, inside the shielding case a cylinder of non-ferromagnetic material is coaxially located, forming a toroidal waveguide of rectangular cross section, as well as a disk a torus in the horizontal plane, on which the lower perforated hemispheres of the resonator chambers are mounted on the periphery, under the cover of the shielding housing along the concentric circle are the upper hemispheres of the resonator chambers containing dielectric bushings along the central axis, inside of which the corresponding emitters from the microwave generator blocks are directed, and the cylinder is rigidly fixed to the cover of the shielding housing, the receiving pipe is located above the lower perforated hemisphere of the resonator chamber through the hole it is in the lid, and the outlet pipe is docked to the pallet through the side surface of the shielding housing, containing a truncated cone in the center, the diameter of the upper base of which is equal to the diameter of the cylinder, the rotor disk is driven by an electric motor, and the gaps between the lower and upper hemispheres, as well as between disc rotor and cylinder less than a quarter of the microwave wavelength.

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