RU2636155C1 - Microwave technology for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.SUBSTANCE: microwave technology for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials involves complex effect of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation of 2,450 MHz with a specific power of 1.6…16 W/g and a kilohertz frequency of 22…110 kHz. The effect of the ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field occurs in perforated spherical resonators with the volume up to 5 l, docked to discs arranged in parallel. Wherein in the interval between the discs, equal to half the wavelength, a corona discharge and ozonization by means of gas-discharge lamps from kiloherz frequency generators of 75…225 W are provided. Ground fat-containing raw materials 2…10 mm of size are subjected to the complex action of electromagnetic radiation lasting 200…300 s at an electric field strength of 2…5 kV/cm to a temperature of 80…140°C.EFFECT: reducing the bacterial contamination of the product and improving the organoleptic indices of fat and dross.4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the meat processing industry, can be used in the melting of fat from fat-containing raw materials.

Taking into account the volume of pigs for slaughter in live weight in one meat processing plant of medium capacity (2120 tons / year) and cattle (795 tons / year), the total amount of fat-containing raw materials to be processed is 320 ... 350 tons / year.

The process of leaking fat from fat-containing raw materials is energy-intensive, associated with the consumption of large amounts of electricity, steam and water [1, 2]. It is difficult to eliminate these drawbacks in full on the basis of traditional methods of processing raw materials, therefore, it is necessary to search for new effective methods for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials.

Based on existing electrophysical methods, including microwave technology, and technical means for heat treatment of raw materials of various structures [3], it is proposed to carry out a technological process for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials with simultaneous disinfection of the product in continuous mode by the combined action of electromagnetic fields of ultrahigh and kilohertz frequencies, providing effective electric field strength.

Well-known, for example, installations of the Monsoon series , the Arabis, Laminaria microwave installations provide microwave heating of the raw materials in containers in a cyclic mode, and the effect occurs at low electric field strength, which does not completely decontaminate the product, but operational process costs are quite high.

The aim of the work is to develop a microwave technology for the extraction of fat from fat-containing raw materials in continuous operation by the action of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths, which ensures the improvement of product quality with the lowest operating costs.

A new approach has been developed to ensure a continuous regime of the complex effect of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths on fat-containing raw materials at the maximum quality factor of the cavity resonator, high electric field strength and in ozonized air.

The theory is based on the use of well-known positions of dielectric heating, elements of the theory of electrodynamic systems of microwave installations and the propagation of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths in volume resonators.

The specified technological result is achieved in that the microwave technology for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials, designed to reduce bacterial contamination of the product and improve the organoleptic characteristics of fat and pulp, provides for the combined exposure to electromagnetic radiation of ultra-high frequency (2450 MHz) with a specific power of 1.6 ... 16 W / g and kilohertz frequencies (22 ... 110 kHz) in perforated spherical resonators up to 5 liters, docked to parallel disks,

moreover, in the gap between the disks, equal to half the wavelength, a corona discharge and ozonation with the help of electric discharge lamps from kilohertz frequency generators with a power of 75 ... 225 W,

in this case, the crushed fat-containing raw materials of 2 ... 10 mm in size are subjected to the complex effect of electromagnetic radiation of 200 ... 300 s with an electric field of 2 ... 5 kV / cm to a temperature of 80 ... 140 ° C.

In FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of the installation for the implementation of microwave technology for the extraction of fat from fat-containing raw materials:

1 - shielding case; 2 - microwave generators; 3, 4 - spherical perforated resonators; 5 - parallel disks; 6 - dissector; 7 - storage capacity; 8 - viewing window; 9, 10, 11, 12 - nodes of the top; 13 - electric discharge lamp connected to a kilohertz frequency generator.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the operational-technological scheme for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials by the combined action of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths (megahertz and kilohertz frequencies).

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the dynamics of endogenous heating of lard at a frequency of 2450 MHz and different specific powers: 1) 16 W / g; 2) 8 W / g; 3) 5 W / g.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the dynamics of heating various fat-containing raw materials in an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency, a picture of the heat flux distribution over the product surface, and organoleptic indicators of the melted fat of the experimental (external diagram) and control (internal diagram) samples.

The technological process of extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials by the combined action of electromagnetic fields of ultrahigh and kilohertz frequencies is as follows (Fig. 1).

Fat-containing raw materials (pork fat, mezdra, internal fat, etc.) are crushed using a spinning top (Fig. 1, 2). The crushed fat mass enters the space between the two disks, the distance between them is equal to half the wavelength. The dissector provides a centrifugal field in the interdisk space, and the fat mass enters the spherical perforated resonators. Under the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency, fat melts, and the squash is destroyed to small particles, and the fat mass passes through the holes of the perforation of the spheres. The radiation flux through the perforation in the spheres will be locked in the sunken fat. In the interdisk space, the fat mass is ozonized by coronation of electric-gas discharge lamps with a power of 75 ... 225 W and partially disinfected. Due to the high electric field strength of 2 ... 5 kV / cm, the fat mass is completely disinfected. The molten fat mass enters the storage tank and is pumped through the drain pipe with a pump.

Based on studies of the dynamics of heating of raw materials (Fig. 3), microbiological indicators, and as a result of testing the microwave technology for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials under industrial conditions, it was found that energy costs are 0.09 ... 0.112 kW⋅h / kg. The quality of the product improves by 6 ... 9 points (Fig. 4), and the total microbial number in the product is reduced by two orders of magnitude.

Disinfection and heat treatment of fat-containing raw materials occur at an electric field strength of 2 to 5 kV / cm in a spherical resonator chamber with a volume of 0.5 ... 5 l. The spherical resonator has a high intrinsic Q factor (8000) in the absence of radiation losses, a small amount of losses in the chamber walls.

The technical characteristics of the installation, which allows the implementation of microwave technology for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials, are given in table. one.

Table 1

Name Options Productivity, kg / h 35 ... 40 The power of the grinding mechanism, kW 0.25 Final product temperature, ° С 90 ... 130 The specific power of the microwave generator, W / g 1.6 ... 2.7 Power consumption of three microwave generators, kW 3.6 Drive power of a blade feeder, kW 0.1 Power of three kilohertz frequency generators, kW 0.225 Plant power, kW 3,925 Specific energy costs for heat treatment of raw materials, kW⋅h / kg 0.09 ... 0.112

Information sources

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment for the meat industry. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. - M .: Kolos, 2001.

2. Bredikhin S.A. Technological equipment of meat processing plants. - M .: Kolos, 2000.

3. Patent No. 2600697 of the Russian Federation. Microwave fat melting unit. / THEM. Selivanov, M.V. Belova, A.A. Belov, I.G. Ershova, G.V. Novikova, O.V. Mikhailova; Applicant and patent holder of ANOVO ATU (RU). - No. 2015117451; declared 04/28/2015. Bull.№30 from 03.10.2016.

Claims (3)

Microwave technology for extracting fat from fat-containing raw materials, designed to reduce bacterial contamination of the product and improve the organoleptic characteristics of fat and greaves, characterized in that they carry out the combined effects of electromagnetic radiation of ultra-high frequency 2450 MHz with a specific power of 1.6 ... 16 W / g and kilohertz frequency of 22 ... 110 kHz in perforated spherical resonators up to 5 l, docked to parallel disks, and in the interval between the disks, equal to half the wavelength, provide corona discharge and ozonation using electric gas lamps from generators of kilohertz frequency with a power of 75 ... 225 W, while the crushed fat-containing raw materials of 2 ... 10 mm in size are subjected to the combined effects of electromagnetic radiation of 200 ... 300 s with an electric field of 2 ... 5 kV / cm to a temperature of 80 ... 140 ° C.

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