RU2353088C1 - Irrigation system using storage ponds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention pertains to agriculture and can be used in cyclic irrigation of crops, particularly with irrigation machines with water intake, moving from open irrigation. The irrigation system using storage ponds has distribution channels located on a slopping surface, running into artificial storage ponds. After the water is heated and acquires properties favourable for irrigation, it is fed into irrigation channels for irrigation using irrigation machines. Water that is not used during irrigation is fed into wasteway channels, which are located on a slopping surface and move the water to the next pair of irrigation channels, which slant to the distribution channel, which in turn runs into the next storage pond. All irrigation channels have at their ends, support-regulation structures. The outlets of the storage ponds are fitted with level regulators of the lower pond.

EFFECT: favourable conditions for plants during irrigation due to introduction of storage ponds into the system and more efficient use of irrigation water due to the design of the irrigation system.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for cyclic irrigation of crops, in particular, irrigation machines with water intake in movement from open irrigators.

A known irrigation system (SU 1212383), including a distribution channel with an upstream level regulator and outlets to irrigation channels, and a discharge channel at the end of the distribution channel, which increases the reliability of water distribution by providing feedback with a small delay. The system is equipped with a communication channel between the beginning and end of the distribution channel with a flow regulator installed on it at the beginning, and at the end - a downstream level regulator with a discharge flow sensor and a level regulator installed at the beginning of the distribution channel, the sensor of which is located behind the communication channel flow regulator, the distribution channel is U-shaped, and the length of each side is a multiple of the width of the front irrigation machines; in order to avoid overflow of irrigation channels at the beginning of the latter, flow regulators are installed, the output of which is connected to the output of the level controllers on the distribution channel at the points of discharge to the irrigation channels through the upstream level controllers; In order to increase the utilization rate of the irrigated area at the corners of the U-shaped distribution channel, additional irrigation channels are connected, the length of each of which is a multiple of 0.5 capture of the front irrigation machines.

The disadvantage of the described open irrigation system is the lack of measures that create comfortable (optimal) conditions for plants during irrigation.

The objective of the claimed invention is the device of an irrigation system that improves the quality of irrigation water, while avoiding unproductive discharges of water from the canals.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the inclusion in the irrigation system of storage ponds located on the distribution channels, where irrigation water acquires the characteristics necessary for irrigation, as well as irrigation canals departing from the storage ponds, connected in the end part in pairs with discharge channels with the next pair of irrigation channels. In each pair, the upstream channel is equipped with a retaining and regulating structure located in its end part, and the downstream channel is made with a slope to the distribution channel. Water from the distribution channel enters the next storage pond.

In the proposed invention, an open irrigation system consists of distribution channels, storage ponds, irrigation canals with sprinklers, waste channels at the end of irrigation canals, retaining and regulating structures, downstream level regulators, flow controllers and two control centers.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 schematically in plan shows the irrigation system, and figure 2 is a plan for the placement of irrigated crop rotation fields.

The design of the irrigation system (Fig. 1) includes distribution channels 1 and 2, in the head part connected by flow regulators 3 with an inter-farm transit channel 4, and storage ponds 5-8, irrigation channels 9-20 located on the ground with a mutual distance equal to the width of the front-mounted sprinkler. Irrigation channels 9 and 11, 10 and 12, 13 and 15, 14 and 16, 17 and 18, 19 and 20 are connected in the end part by discharge channels 21-24. Irrigation channels 10 and 17 discharge water through the discharge channel 21, and channels 14 and 19 through the discharge channel 22, which reduces the length of the open irrigation network.

In each pair of channels 9 and 11, 10 and 12, 13 and 15, 14 and 16, the upper channels 9, 10, 13, 14 are provided with end-control structures 25 at the end, and the lower channels 11, 12, 15, 16 are made with sloping to the distribution channel 1 and also have end-control structures 25 in the end part. In pairs of irrigation channels 17 and 18, 19 and 20, upstream irrigation channels 17, 19 have a retaining and control structure 25 at the end, and downstream irrigation channels 18 and 20 made with a bias to the distribution channel 2. Distribution channels 1 and 2 sn The flow sensors 27 are installed in the head of the distribution channels 1 and 2, and the flow sensors 28 are directly on the downstream level controller 26. Dispatch points 29 and 30 allow you to quickly control the water supply.

The irrigation system is equipped with storage ponds 5-8, located so that all the water that entered the system from the inter-farm transit channel 4 or another source gets into them and is reserved for irrigation. Storage ponds 5-8 at the taps into irrigation channels 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 19 have level control downstream 26.

Irrigation channels 9-16 are electrically connected to the control station 29, and irrigation channels 17-20 to the control station 30. Irrigated areas between the irrigation channels are equipped with soil moisture sensors.

Figure 2 shows the layout of the crop rotation fields, which are indicated by the letters A, B, C, D, D, E, G, 3, I.

The irrigation system works as follows. Water (figure 2) from the inter-farm transit channel 4 enters the distribution channels 1 and 2 with the flow regulators 3 open. Through the distribution channels 1 and 2, the water intended for irrigation fills the storage ponds 5 and 6, respectively, where it acquires the necessary watering characteristics. Then, from the storage pond 5, water is supplied to the irrigation canals 9 and 10, and from the storage pond 6 to the irrigation canal 17. At the same time, the supporting and control structures 25 located at the ends of the irrigation canals 9 and 17 are in the closed position, the irrigation is filled water channels and irrigation of agricultural plants is carried out. Irrigation channel 10 with the open position of the supporting and regulating structure 25 carries out a transit passage of water further to the discharge channel 22, from which water enters the downstream irrigation channel 12, it is filled with water when the supporting and regulatory structure 25 is closed, and agricultural plants are irrigated.

In order to irrigate the fields below, water passes through and fills the storage ponds 7 and 8, in which during daylight hours the temperature of the water rises from 10-13 to 18-22 degrees C. This water is used in the future for irrigation of irrigated fields without bringing plants to stressful condition.

On the irrigated array, field A is irrigated with a sprinkler (type DDA-100VX, Kuban, Dnepr, etc.) that takes water when moving from irrigation canal 9. Field D is served by irrigation canal 12, field B uses water from irrigation canal 17 Thus, during the passage of the sprinkler, the area watered on both sides adjacent to the irrigation canal is watered.

For this design of the irrigation system, crop rotation with the alternation of moisture-loving and drought-resistant crops can be proposed. On the shaded (figure 2) fields A, B, D, Zh, I, hydrophilic cultures should be located, and on the unshaded fields B, G, E, 3 - drought-resistant crops. In the proposed invention, fields A, B, D, F, I. will be watered. Fields with drought-resistant crops will be in rainfed mode. Each crop rotation field A, B, D, F, I, occupied by a moisture-loving crop, is irrigated for 20-50% of the rotation duration of the adopted crop rotation. In other periods, the field is used as rainfed in the conditions of natural water and thermal conditions. This allows to prevent the processes of soil degradation with the selected irrigation scheme.

Thus, due to storage ponds, the characteristics of irrigation water are improved, comfortable conditions for the growth and fruiting of crops are created, and thanks to the design of the irrigation system, its operation can be automated and irrigation water can be saved during irrigation.

Claims (2)

1. An irrigation system using storage ponds containing distribution channels located on a slope of the area, characterized in that the distribution channels run along artificially created storage ponds, from which irrigation canals located, located horizontally, flowing into the end part into waste channels located along the slope of the terrain and connected by the next pair of irrigation canals having a slope to the distribution channel, which is connected to the next pond opitelem. 2. The irrigation system using storage ponds according to claim 1 in the end part of all irrigation canals is equipped with retaining and regulating structures, and at the exit from the storage ponds, irrigation canals are equipped with lower level regulators.

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