RU2523328C2 - Method of forming water reservoir on piedmont plains - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of ecology, environment protection and rational nature management and can be used for purification of river water, climate regulation in drought and also contributes to creation of a reserve of fresh water for the economic and social needs of the population. The essence of the technical solution is that the water reservoirs with the depth of 2.5-3 m, the width of 120-150 m, the length of 250-280 m, the surface area of water of 3-3.5 ha are formed in interstream areas on the river banks at a distance of 150-200 m from the mainstream. The water reservoirs are connected to the river bed by input and take-out channels. At the bottom of the water reservoirs the zeolite-containing clay - irlites are placed with the layer of 10-15 cm.

EFFECT: method enables to reduce the level of pollution of river waters, to create optimal climatic conditions for human living, flora and fauna, the sustainable development of coastal ecosystems and the whole lowland interfluvial landscapes, while simultaneously providing reserve of ecologically clean fresh water for domestic, household and other needs of the population.

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology, environmental protection and rational nature management and can be used to purify river water, regulate climate during drought, helps to create a supply of fresh water for household, domestic and other needs of the population, and can also be used in drainage and irrigation events.

There is a method in which a distribution channel is formed with an upstream level regulator and taps into irrigation canals, as well as a discharge channel at the end of the irrigation system (AS 1212383 published on 02.23.1986).

However, the known method is intended for irrigation in closed ground with a certain concentration of nutrient solution, which complicates the method.

There is also known a method in which irrigation and drainage systems are formed, including storage pools connected to each other (patent No. 2163068, published 06/18/1998, IPC A01G 25/06, ЕВВ 11/00),

The known method is costly and complex, since the nodes of water treatment and water purification with an irrigation network and a collector are formed.

A well-known technical solution is the method where ponds are created - drives equipped with irrigation channels (patent No. 2353088, published April 27, 2009, IPC A01G 25/00).

The disadvantage of this method is that the channels form along the slope of the terrain. The irrigation system itself is complex, and irrigation water for irrigation is supplied only after heating. The technical solution for implementing the known method is complex, and the supplied water through the storage ponds is not cleaned.

The technical result is a simplification of the method with simultaneous purification of water.

The technical solution of the claimed object lies in the fact that reservoirs with a depth of 2.5-3 m, a width of 120-150 m, a length of 250-280 m, an area of a water mirror of 3-3.5 ha are formed (between rivers) on the banks of rivers at a distance 150-200 m from the main channel and are connected to the channel by inlet and outlet channels, and at the bottom of the reservoirs are zeolite-containing clays - iritis with a layer of 10-15 cm.

The method is as follows. During a drought, the presence of such reservoirs is necessary, since vegetation, living organisms and ecosystems as a whole suffer from a lack of moisture. At a distance of 150-200 m from the main stream, pits are excavated under the reservoirs 2.5-3 m deep, 120-150 m wide, 250-280 m long, and a water mirror area of 3-3.5 ha. During a spring spill, water enters the reservoir through canals diverted from the river and, when filled through canals diverted from the reservoir, returns to the channel of the river downstream about 2 km from the water intake. Due to the irlite coating of the bottom, the water in the reservoir is actively cleaned.

Depth parameters of 2.5-3 m are justified by the fact that a depth of more than 3 m will lead to stagnation of water in the deeper parts of the reservoir and, as a result, to its rapid siltation and eutrophication, and at a depth of less than 2 m there is a risk of reservoir drainage, overgrowing and waterlogging of the coastal zone during shallow water during the hot season. The dimensions of the reservoir are 150-280 m wide, 250-280 long and a water mirror area of 3-3.5 hectares provide sufficiently powerful evaporation and humidification of atmospheric air within a radius of tens of kilometers along the wind rose. A smaller reservoir will be less effective in its intended purpose - water treatment and climate regulation. The large reservoir creates additional difficulties in arranging, maintaining and maintaining an optimal ecological state. So, with an increase in the size of the reservoir, the rate of water exchange will decrease and, as a result, the eutrophication process will be activated. An area of more than 3-3.5 hectares in conditions of deficiency of fertile land also does not meet the principles of rational nature management.

A distance from the coast of at least 150 m is optimal for preserving the floodplain and coastal zone from destruction and additional lateral erosion and not more than 200 m in order to more quickly fill and actively circulate water by reducing the length of the inlet and outlet channels.

The bottom of each reservoir is filled with zeolite-containing clay - iritis with a layer of 10-15 cm, which are a sorbent for water purification. The Irlite layer provides water purification from various compounds of heavy metals, radionuclides, surfactants and other industrial pollutants entering river water flows.

Reservoirs regulate atmospheric humidity, are a reserve of fresh water for irrigation and other household needs, and also purify water from physical, chemical and bacterial contamination.

At a distance of 150-200 m from the river bed, an artificial relief of a cup-shaped shape is created with a length along the current with a depression of 2.5-3 m, a width of 120-150 m and a length of 250-280 m, with a total area of 3-3.5 ha.

Excavated clay and alluvial material lifts and strengthens the coast. The reservoir is connected to the riverbed by two canals, 1 km upstream and 1 km downstream of the created reservoir. During floods, the reservoir is filled with water through the upper inlet channel and then through the lower outlet channel the water returns to the river bed. The reservoir remains full and flowing at the same time.

The iritis bottom coating provides water purification due to sorption properties, and the water mirror during the drought period performs the functions of regulating the moisture content in atmospheric air and soil. The reservoir is also a reservoir of fresh water for irrigation and other household and household needs.

The formation of such reservoirs on the banks of rivers of the first and second order, in particular the tributaries of the Terek River within the foothills of the inclined plain, is proposed.

Example 1. On the banks of the Leskendon River, on the foothill plain of the western part of North Ossetia-Alania, a flowing reservoir is formed 150 m from the main channel, 2.5 m deep, 250 long, 120 m wide with an irlitic coating of 10 cm. It is intended to meet household needs in clean water and regulation of coastal humidity.

Example 2. On the right bank of the Urukh river on the northern outskirts of the foothill inclined plain on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, a flowing reservoir is formed 200 m from the mainstream channel with a depth of 3 m, 280 m long, 150 m wide with an irlite coating of 15 cm. In order to balancing atmospheric humidity during a hot period of time and meeting household needs for clean water.

Example 3. On the right bank of the Kambeleevka river in the foothill zone of the eastern part of the North Ossetia-Alania, a flowing reservoir is formed 3 m deep, 280 m long, 150 m wide with an irlitic bottom of 15 cm, intended mainly for cleaning river water from chemical pollution entering from the production sump of OJSC "Electrozinc" - "Dog beam".

Therefore, the formed reservoirs on the foothill plains contribute to the purification of river waters, the preservation of optimal climatic conditions of human life, flora and fauna, the sustainable development of coastal ecosystems and generally flat interfluve landscapes, at the same time serve as fresh water reservoirs for household, domestic and other needs of the population.

Claims (1)

The method of forming reservoirs on the foothill plain, characterized in that reservoirs with a depth of 2.5-3 m, a width of 120-150 m, a length of 250-280 m, a water mirror area of 3-3.5 ha are formed in interfluves on the banks of rivers at a distance of 150 -200 m from the main channel, connected to the channel by inlet and outlet channels, and at the bottom of the reservoirs are located zeolite-containing clays - iritis with a layer of 10-15 cm.