RU2467561C2 - Irrigation system with use of local runoff - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: system contains the irrigated sites in the catchment area, irrigated non-slope channels with retaining-regulation structures and ponds-distributors, retaining rollers on the sides and lower borders of fields, discharge channels. The irrigated non-slope channels with retaining-regulation structures and ponds-distributors are located in the middle of the fields along the contour of the area. The irrigated sites are linked with each other by closed double acting distributors through the containment pond. The containment pond is located in the downstream of the reservoir. The closed double acting distributors comprise differentiated components of water distribution. The differentiated components of water distribution comprise a water-retaining roller above the irrigation non-slope channels, and water outlet-inlet located under the roller. The water outlet-inlet passes water into the pond-distributor adjacent below the relief and into the valve, and into the closed double acting distributor.

EFFECT: design enables to increase efficiency of use of local runoff, to reduce energy costs for irrigation and to improve ecological conditions.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to irrigated agriculture, and can be used in the irrigation of crops with accumulated local water.

A well-known system of estuary irrigation in wide and long strips (SU, AS No. 853006, ЕВВ 13/00, BI No. 29 of 08/07/1981) containing a distribution channel reinforced with retaining structures and outlets. Water-holding rollers are poured along the slope of the estuary, and hollows with ridges are cut across the slope, which are cut on the sides opposite the slope of the estuary, compacted and fixed with turf. At the bottom of the slope is a receiving discharge channel.

The disadvantages of this system are the lack of the ability to irrigate different parts of the field along the estuary strip and the associated unevenness in moistening the upper and lower parts of the strip.

A well-known irrigation system (SU, AS No. 1217309, ЕВВ 11/00, BI No. 10 of 03/15/1986), including a main channel, closed spreaders and twin sprinklers, made with a reverse bias to the distributor that feeds them and horizontal brows. The water level in the sprinklers is regulated by automatic water outlets.

The disadvantage of this system is the sequential scheme of filling the irrigation system, starting from a lowered area, which deprives the system of universality of water distribution if it is necessary to fill the irrigators in a different sequence not provided for in the description.

A well-known irrigation system using storage ponds (SU, Patent No. 2353088, A01G 25/00, BI No. 12 of 04/27/2009), containing distribution channels located along the slope of the terrain, which in their course flow into artificially created storage ponds. Water is supplied to irrigation canals for irrigation with sprinklers. Unused water during irrigation is discharged into the discharge channels, which are located along the slope of the terrain and transport water to the next pair of irrigation channels that have a bias towards the distribution channel, which flows into the next storage pond. All irrigation canals have retaining and control structures in the end part, and at the exit from storage ponds they are equipped with level regulators for the downstream.

The disadvantages of this system are the gravity flow pattern of filling the distribution and irrigation canals only on a slope from top to bottom, which excludes the possibility of supplying irrigation water to the upstream sections of the system; the irrigation system does not allow the accumulation of local runoff water from an upstream catchment area and its use for irrigation.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is the reclamation water circulation system (SU, AS No. 1425271, ЕВВ 11/00, BI No. 35 dated 09/23/1988), including an irrigation network with a pressure head conduit and a pumping station. The irrigation network is enclosed by a discharge water conduit and is located on the topography above the drainage network. The main channel of the drainage network is connected to a discharge conduit and a storage pond. The storage pond and the reservoir are equipped with water control devices, and the reservoir is connected to the river by a bypass channel, bypassing the storage pond. During operation, the effluent enters the storage pond, is diluted with water from the reservoir and again fed for irrigation, closing the water circulation in the mixer.

The disadvantage of this system is the inability to use local water for irrigation without first having to drain it through a discharge conduit to a storage pond and then supplying it to the irrigated area, which requires additional energy costs and time.

The essence of the invention is the development of the design of an irrigation system that allows the efficient use of accumulated local runoff water in the form of thawed snow, rainwater and from a reservoir through irrigation plots through their rational distribution over the territory due to the operation of differentiated water distribution nodes.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of using local runoff, a reduction in energy costs for irrigation, and an improvement in the ecological situation.

The technical result is achieved by the inclusion of differentiated water distribution units in the irrigation system, which make it possible to efficiently control the distribution of water and consisting of distribution ponds, water-holding rollers with water outlets, water outlets, closed double-acting distributors and a valve system for them.

The irrigation system using local runoff contains irrigated areas arranged on the gentle slopes of the catchment area around the reservoir. Such an arrangement makes it possible to direct melt snow and storm water coming from an upstream catchment area for irrigation by flooding, or for accumulation in irrigation canalless and discharge channels and distribution ponds located on them, from where local runoff water can be used for irrigation by sprinkling. And in case of their shortage, you can use the water of local runoff, accumulated in the reservoir.

Irrigated, steady channels are arranged in the middle of the fields, along the horizontal lines of the terrain, with a distance equal to the width of the frontal sprinkler, with water intake in movement from open irrigators (such as DDA-100VH, Kuban, Dnipro, etc.). Irrigation canals are arranged without a slope to ensure the possibility of redistributing water between adjacent fields, as well as for irrigation by flooding the lower sections by overfilling and overflowing over the edge (edge), using it as a spillway with a wide threshold. Irrigated, steady channels divide the fields into upper and lower parts of the field according to their altitude arrangement.

Distribution ponds are extended and in-depth sections of irrigated, steady and discharge channels, which allows them to accumulate an additional volume of local runoff water. They are carried out in an earthen channel with the possible use of anti-filtration linings, which will further reduce siltation and filtration.

Water-holding rollers are located along the boundaries of the fields of irrigated plots and above irrigation-free canal channels, with the exception of the upper boundary, which allows the accumulation of local runoff water coming from the upstream catchment area. Water-holding rollers transverse to the slope of the terrain are arranged immediately after irrigated, steady channels higher in relief with a height that does not interfere with the operation of the proposed frontal sprinkler machines. On all the longitudinal slope of the terrain, the boundaries of the fields are arranged with longitudinal water-holding rollers. On each part of the field, their height is the sum of the maximum design height of the flood layer and reserve, which prevents overflows of water. In places of moving agricultural machinery, the slopes of the water-holding rollers are performed with an acceptable laying coefficient.

Irrigated areas are interconnected by closed double-acting distributors through a storage pond located below the reservoir, which makes it possible for the mobile pumping station (one or several) to supply local water flow to irrigate both from the reservoir in pressure mode and in the opposite direction - by gravity from irrigated areas where their excess has been accumulated, or not planned for irrigation (for example, under "steam"), or to empty the system for the winter period. Double-acting closed distributors are pressure pipelines (steel, cast iron, polymer, etc.).

Excessive water of local runoff (formed when filling the irrigated areas, including those filtered in the form of collector-drainage water), accumulate in the discharge channels (located along the lower boundaries of the irrigated areas) and ponds arranged on them, from where they can be fed back for irrigation this field using a mobile pumping station (one or more) through a closed double-acting distributor, through differentiated water distribution units and irrigation canals.

A differentiated water distribution unit is a functionally connected complex arranged on a double-acting closed-circuit distributor and consisting of a water-holding roller and a water outlet-outlet located under it into a pond distributor adjacent to the lower relief and into a double-acting closed distributor with a valve system on them. Gate valves are arranged on the formed piping node in three places: on a closed double-acting distributor above the outlet to the outlet-water outlet; at the outlet-outlet of the water-holding roller and at the outlet (outlet) to the distribution pond. This relative position of the elements and the valve system of the differentiated water distribution unit allows you to effectively control the distribution of water in the irrigated areas of the irrigation system. The water outlet-water outlet is a pressure pipe similar to a double-acting closed distributor. Given that the pipelines and valves of the differentiated water distribution unit work part of the time in water, they are made of anti-corrosion materials or protected with an anti-corrosion coating. Since the main working position of the valves is “open” or “closed”, their design is not of fundamental importance and can be wedge, slide, ball, disk, etc. The position of the gate valves is adjusted manually for convenience with the stem extension of the control valve (http://www.master-prom.ru/content/service/production/index.php?partID=l884).

The supporting and regulatory structures of the irrigated, steady and discharge channels are installed at the outlet of the distribution ponds and at the internal boundaries of the fields, which allows, if necessary, to redistribute the local runoff water between neighboring fields within the irrigated area. When closed, their height should provide protection against water overflow during flooding between adjacent fields. Structural support structures are structurally a shield partition walls.

At the outlet of the reservoir, the main supporting and regulatory structures are installed to supply water to the storage pond and to allow the passage of excess flood waters, as well as sanitary releases during the low-water period.

The proposed design of the irrigation system provides a number of advantages allowing the efficient use of local runoff water: they can be accumulated directly on the territory of the irrigated area; in case of their shortage, they can be supplemented from the reservoir through a storage pond; they can be redistributed both within the irrigated area - through differentiated water distribution units, and between the irrigated areas - through a common storage pond for them; local runoff water can be additionally prepared for irrigation in a storage pond and in distribution ponds by settling, filtering, heating, saturating with water-soluble fertilizers and herbicides; can be submitted for irrigation both by sprinkling and flooding. In different fields of irrigated areas, depending on the water demand of crops, weather and soil-reclamation conditions, it is possible to implement the technology of cyclic (periodic) irrigation.

The procedure for implementing the simultaneous irrigation process by flooding and sprinkling will depend on the technical characteristics of the irrigation system: parameters of the pumping station, their quantity, hydraulic characteristics of closed spreaders and sprinklers.

Managing water distribution in the irrigation system using local runoff is carried out manually by maintenance personnel.

The invention is illustrated by figures 1-4. Figure 1 - Scheme of the planned location of irrigated plots, figure 2 - Plan of a typical irrigated plot, figure 3 - Section I-I along the axis of a closed double-acting distributor, figure 4 - Node "D" - differentiated node of water distribution.

The irrigation system (Fig. 1) includes a reservoir 1, accumulating local runoff water, having head supporting and control structures 2 at the entrance to the bypass channel 3 and located below the storage pond 4, with positions for connecting 5 a mobile pumping station, closed double-acting distributors 6 to irrigated plots 7. Typical irrigated plots (Fig. 2) include fields A, B, C, D, etc., with irrigation-free steady channels 8, discharge channel 9 and distribution ponds 10 arranged on them, and also supporting -regulating sooru zheniyami 11, transverse 12 and longitudinal 13 water-retaining rollers along the boundaries of fields and above irrigation canals, with the exception of the upper boundary. The differentiated distribution nodes "D" (Fig. 3) include ponds 10, water-holding longitudinal 13 and transverse 12 rollers with water outlets-outlets 14, sections of closed double-acting distributors 6 and a valve system 15 arranged on them (Fig. 4).

An irrigation system using local flow works as follows.

Gravity filling of irrigated areas with local runoff water from the catchment area begins in the winter, when snow reserves accumulate in the irrigated areas 7 that are part of the irrigation system (Fig. 1), due to the arrangement of transverse 12 and longitudinal 13 fields along the borders of the field (Fig. .2) water-holding rollers, which in the spring, when snow melts, do not allow meltwater to drain outside the irrigation system. In the spring, melt snow and storm water formed by runoff from an upstream catchment are collected above the first row of transverse water-holding rollers 12 of fields A and B, and through differentiated water distribution nodes arranged in distribution ponds 10, they fill the irrigation canalless channels 8 leaving them, after filling which close supporting and regulatory structures 11, arranged on these channels. By adjusting the position of the gate valves 15 (FIG. 4) on the differentiated water distribution nodes “D”, the subsequent volume of incoming local water flows is directed by gravity through the water outlet-water outlet 14 through a closed double-acting distributor 6 to the next row of irrigation-free channel 8 (figure 2) and so on further, in a similar manner, including discharge channels 9.

If there is a lack of local runoff water for irrigation during the growing season (or for water-charging irrigation) of the irrigated sections 7 (Fig. 1), they are fed in pressure mode from the reservoir 1 through a closed double-acting distributor 6, using a mobile pumping station at position 5 at the pond- drive 4. Further, by adjusting the position of the valves of the differentiated water distribution units at the distribution ponds 10 and controlling the supporting and regulatory structures 11, the rows of irrigation-free steady channels 8 are filled in necessity for watering sequence.

For irrigation irrigation proceed as follows. After filling the irrigation canalless channels with 8 local water in any of the ways described above (and, if necessary, intermediate water treatment: sedimentation, heating, fertilizing and pesticides), the planned fields A, B, C, D, D, etc. are irrigated. d. frontal irrigation machines that take water when moving from irrigation canalless channels 8. At each pass, the irrigation machine irrigates areas adjacent to irrigation canalless channel 8 on both sides and captures one irrigated field. An additional supply of water to the irrigation-free steady channel is carried out through a closed double-acting distributor 6 (in pressure mode, due to the operation of a mobile pumping station or by gravity, from upstream irrigation-free stationary channels, previously filled with irrigation water).

For irrigation, flooding is done as follows. In spring, during floods, as well as during torrential rains, incoming local runoff water from an upstream catchment area (Fig. 2) is used when the gate valves of differentiated water distribution units at the distribution ponds 10 are closed and all retaining and control structures 11 are open in the irrigated area . After filling the upper parts of fields A and B, when the water level rises above the top of the first row of transverse water-holding rollers 12, the water overflows through them and fills the irrigation canalless channels 8, filling which, evenly flows over the entire length of the irrigation canalless channels and floods the lower part of the fields to the next row of water-holding rollers 12 at the border of fields A-B, B-G and then in a similar way, until it enters the discharge channel 9.

When irrigation by flooding, in the absence or lack of local flow from the catchment area, water is supplied through a closed double-acting distributor 6 in pressure mode through the differentiated water distribution units "D" (Fig. 3). In this case, the flooding of the upper parts of the fields begins from the lower sections, opening the valve 15 (Fig. 4) at the water outlet-discharge 14. The flooding of the lower parts of the fields begins from the upper sections by overflowing the water from the irrigation canals using the corresponding differentiated units “D” in the open the gate 15 of the discharge of water into the pond distributor 10 and when the position of its retaining and regulatory structures 11 is open (Fig. 2).

An irrigation system using local runoff allows simultaneous irrigation by flooding and sprinkling in different fields of irrigated areas through the use of differentiated water distribution units.

For irrigation with reuse of waste and filtered collector-drainage water of local drainage from waste channel 9 (Fig. 2), a mobile pumping station (one or more) is used at positions for connecting 5. If necessary, dilute the waste and collector-drainage water with clean water it is pre-pumped into the discharge channel 9 from the reservoir. If the capacity of the discharge channel 9 does not allow dilution sufficient for the quality and quantity of irrigation water, then use the capacity of the storage pond 4, for which water is discharged through a closed double-acting distributor 6 and, after its final dilution, is again fed for irrigation.

Thus, the inclusion of differentiated water distribution nodes in the irrigation system makes it possible: to rationally use the unproductive flowing water of local runoff for irrigation due to their accumulation and redistribution from the upstream catchment area and from the reservoir along the territory of the irrigation system; reuse waste water for irrigation; carry out watering both by flooding and sprinkling; reduce energy costs for water supply; use the technology of cyclic (periodic) irrigation, providing a favorable ecological and land reclamation environment.

Claims (1)

Irrigation system using local runoff, including irrigated areas on the catchment area, interconnected by closed double-acting distributors through a storage pond located in the lower pool of the reservoir, irrigation canalless channels with retaining-regulating structures and distribution ponds in the middle of the fields along the horizontals terrain, water-holding rollers along the lateral and lower boundaries of the fields, discharge channels, characterized in that the closed distributors are double-sided Actions include differentiated water distribution units, consisting of a water-holding roller above irrigation steady channels and a water outlet-outlet located below it, passing water into a pond distributor adjacent to the lower relief and into a closed double-acting distributor, while for efficient control of the distribution of water between the irrigated areas gate valves on a closed double-acting distributor above the outlet to the water outlet-water outlet, on the water outlet of the water-holding shaft a and the outlet valve in the pond.

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