RU2577591C1 - Meliorative water circulation system using livestock waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to land reclamation and may be used for dilution of livestock waste drainage water, where fertiliser watering and land reclamation. System comprises a source of supply of liquid fertilisers 1, gravity closed pipeline, divided into two parts: on feed 3 and 4, discharge pipeline. At the end of the discharge pipeline 4 is arranged waste water chamber 5 with transfer pump station 6. Pump station 6 provides sampling and supply into closed main pipeline 7 and then in closed distribution pipelines 9 and 10 design consumption diluted drainage water effluent. Agricultural fields for irrigation are equipped with closed irrigation pipelines 11, 12 with risers-hydrants 14 for sprinkling equipment 15. Closed irrigation pipelines 11 and 12 have end discharge wells 17 with gate valves 18 connected with closed open channel 19. Besides, these fields have drainage drainage network 20 connected to closed collectors with 21 spillway wells 22 with gate valves 23. Closed collectors 21 heads are connected also with closed open channel 19, which by means of a mobile station 25 connected with storage pond 24 drainage water. Accumulation pond 24 is located on the shore of the open channel. With the storage pond 24 drain water line 26 is supplied to the unit 28 of water distribution and dilution of wastes, located between feed 3 and outlet 4 parts self-flow closed transporting cattle-breeding wastes towards waste water chamber 5 located in the dump and above the dispenser pump station 6. Unit 28 of water distribution and diluting effluent consists of chamber with ejector and fluid diffuser installed on the gravity-flowing closed pipeline to drains before waste water chamber 5 with transfer pump station 6 and connected by means of two-phase nozzle with feed section 3 gravity pipeline that feeds drains. Active nozzle of ejector is connected to the discharge pipeline to drain water, and passive-by means of discharge to separator.

EFFECT: such design will allow to enhance efficiency of drainage water for dilution of animal wastes and reduces power consumption on fertiliser watering agricultural fields irrigation and improving environmental situation.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to land reclamation and can be used to dilute livestock stocks with drainage water, where fertilizer irrigation and drainage are carried out.

Manure waste is an environmentally hazardous product. Existing methods provide sewage treatment up to 95-96%, but this is not enough. It is necessary to increase the degree of treatment to 99-99.5%, which ultimately increases the cost of treatment facilities from 5 to 30% of the cost of the main equipment and facilities. Many wastewater is very difficult to treat to such an extent that they do not have a harmful effect on the reclamation facilities as a whole (fields, reservoirs, rivers, etc.). Thus, wastewater treatment, which, for example, includes livestock drains (especially pig breeding drains), is determined by sanitary standards for delivering drains to irrigation fields, i.e. soil treatment of them. The effectiveness of treated livestock stocks to a given extent allows their use in a closed water circulation zone.

The process of water circulation systems can be achieved with a double effect:

- Prevention of clogging of water bodies that are used in the technological process of waste disposal in agricultural irrigation fields (ZPO);

- the use of drainage water and fresh water with minimal costs for dilution and clarification, for example, pig-breeding wastewater.

Therefore, given such livestock stocks that come from industrial wastewater treatment plants, the second stage is soil post-treatment of the liquid fraction of manure stocks (livestock stocks).

Based on this, a meliorative water circulation system with sewage distribution facilities arranged in a confined space of the terrain is built.

A known irrigation system using storage ponds, containing distribution channels located along the slope of the terrain, which in their course flow into artificially created storage ponds. Water is supplied to irrigation canals for irrigation with sprinklers. Unused water during irrigation is discharged into the discharge channels, which are located along the slope of the terrain and transport water to the next pair of irrigation channels that have a bias towards the distribution channel, which flows into the next storage pond. All irrigation canals have retaining and control structures in the end part, and at the exit from storage ponds they are equipped with downstream level regulators (patent RU No. 2353088, class A01G 25/00, dated April 27, 2009).

The disadvantages of such a system include high energy consumption, increased construction and operating costs associated with the creation (construction) of special storage ponds directly on the irrigated field, which removes large tracts of land from crop rotation when growing crops. Another disadvantage is the sequential scheme of filling the irrigation system, starting from a lowered area, which deprives the system of the universality of water distribution if it is necessary to fill the irrigators in a different sequence not provided for in the description. The next main drawback is the forced discharge of water, which is unacceptable when livestock wastewater is added to irrigation, which leads to a violation of the environmental situation around the reclamation water circulation system.

Also known is drainage-humidification reclamation system, including reclamation modules, consisting of a main channel, combined drainage-humidification closed network and conducting open channels equipped with supporting and regulating structures, the main channel is made in the form of cascade-arranged drainage water storage channels, each of which are equipped with an automatic downstream regulator in the source part, and bypass channels are combined with channels of the conducting network and are equipped in the head part automatic controls of the upstream water level (patent RU №2233075, Cl. A01G 25/00, from 27.07.2004).

The system allows the drainage water of the upstream module of the irrigation and drainage system to be reused to moisten the drained soils of the downstream module without ponds and the use of water-lifting pumping and power equipment.

However, such a system is designed to use clean water without the chemical components present in livestock runoff, and cannot use irrigation pipelines when introducing fertilizers, which is especially important, i.e. It does not take into account the characteristics of the pressure irrigation pipeline and, therefore, such a system is not suitable for the disposal of livestock wastewater at the sewage treatment plant with their filtration through the soil and the flow of these waters into drainage pipes. Such drainage water must not be discharged into natural sources (rivers, streams, swamps), which may adversely affect the conservation of ecology around reclaimed land, where irrigation and drainage of the land are carried out, in particular, with close occurrence of groundwater; location near settlements, etc. It should be noted that a large amount of gas, such as methane, is released in such drains, its smell is harmful, it affects the human body negatively, i.e. when wastewater enters the sewage treatment plant, a chemical reaction from the incoming liquid runoff with sludge, the density of which is such that it needs to be diluted to a given concentration, thereby affects the cultivation of crops to a safe culture when used by animals. In addition, such a system is limited with the use of terrain.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is ameliorative water circulation system, including an irrigation network with a pressure head conduit and a pumping station. The storage pond and the reservoir are equipped with water control devices, and the reservoir is connected to the river by a bypass channel, bypassing the storage pond. During operation, the effluent enters the storage pond, is diluted with water from the reservoir and again fed for irrigation, closing the water circulation in the mixer (Author's certificate SU No. 1425271, class No. 02B 11/00, dated September 23, 1988).

The disadvantage of this system is the impossibility of diluting livestock stocks in a storage pond without additional devices and irrigation feeds, i.e. there are no devices that allow them to be diluted with drainage water to a predetermined concentration and looped in an open channel (collector) with their further accumulation in a storage pond, and then fed, for example, to a mixing unit for drainage water or clean with a minimum flow rate for diluting such drains. There is no water savings with reduced energy costs and time. Another disadvantage is that the system requires limited relief conditions along slopes and is not associated with low occurrence of groundwater on irrigated lands, which requires fences in the form of embankments from sections of the intake river of sufficiently large width from the banks.

The essence of the invention is the development of the design of an irrigation system that makes it possible to efficiently use agricultural irrigation fields as their after-treatment of livestock stocks and accumulated drainage water in closed channels for accumulation then in storage ponds near streams, swamps with low groundwater levels, and then from the storage pond by their rational distribution for dilution with a smaller water flow rate in a closed pipeline due to a water distribution and mixing unit.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the system with fertilizer irrigation by separating it into liquid and gas before feeding it to the lifting pump station with a gravity pipe above its relief.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the reclamation water circulation system using livestock wastewater, including irrigated areas on the catchment area, interconnected by closed distribution pipelines, a storage pond, a drainage network, an open channel, and a pumping station, is equipped with a gravity-filled closed pipeline divided into two parts - on the inlet and outlet, by the water distribution and dilution unit, consisting of sequentially located chambers with an ejector, active with lo ejector is connected to the discharge conduit with the drainage water and passive - by withdrawing the separator, and a liquid diffuser mounted on gravity flow closed conduit with effluents before stokopriemnoy chamber with pumping stations and associated by two-fluid nozzle to the upper portion of the gravity pipe feeding drains.

In addition, a gravity pipe, divided into inlet and outlet sections, one of which inlet is intended for liquid effluents, and the outlet - for the discharge of diluted effluents with drainage or clean water.

In addition, the non-return valve is located in an additional outlet pipe connected to the liquid diffuser.

In addition, an additional outlet pipe is connected to the outlet part of the gravity pipe for supplying an active medium.

The reclamation water circulation system using livestock waste water contains irrigated disposal fields both with a close occurrence of groundwater and can with a deep occurrence of groundwater, regardless of the slope of the relief of the catchment area. An open channel (collector) for collecting drainage water has a closed loop, i.e. there is no drainage accumulated in the open channel for discharge; it is always located below the drained networks and their mouths are not flooded.

Accumulated drainage water from an open channel (collector) is used to fill the storage pond using a mobile pumping station (type SNP for various capacities from 100 to 400 l / s), manufactured by the industry. And in case of their shortage, water can be used near the storage pond, i.e. streams of local runoff, for example, accumulated in lowlands and originating from marshes (in spring and autumn, an increased runoff usually occurs, i.e., depending on the climatic conditions of the region).

Irrigation sprinklers (type DKN-80 and DKN-100, etc.) are used on closed pressure pipelines with hydrants.

Storage ponds for drainage water with a low occurrence of groundwater are mainly built in embankments for large volumes of accumulation, and in the half-excavation - storage ponds mainly with small volumes of accumulation of drainage water. Thus, it all depends on the size of the drainage area of the drainage network around the irrigated field (site).

Overfilling of steady open channels (collectors) in a high-altitude location is not allowed to discharge into rivers, streams, swamps, etc. in order to comply with environmental safety of the environment and wildlife.

Storage ponds with accumulated volumes of water in them drainage runoff or with additional local drainage are performed using antifiltration linings, which will further reduce siltation and filtration.

At the border below the storage pond, a mobile pumping station is installed that does not interfere with the operation of water intake from the storage pond, and regardless of the relief, drainage water is pumped under pressure to the closed pipeline towards the supply to the water distribution unit located on the gravity-filled closed pipeline in the supply zone livestock drains followed by their dilution with drainage water (or clean water) in front of the pumping stationary pumping station, since here the livestock drains essentially have a density liquid mixture in relation to the specific gravity of water, respectively, and the speed of their movement towards the pumping stationary pumping station.

Irrigated fields with livestock drains with accumulated drainage water in the form of excess moisture are loopback actions and are located near their storage ponds, from where they can be re-fed (secondary) to dilute liquid effluents, which saves clean water with possible water intake from local sources, and this in turn, preserves the fauna (for example, the reproduction of fish in streams flowing from swamps, the possibility of nesting various birds, etc.).

The node for water distribution and dilution of wastewater is a set of elements interconnected in the relief adjacent to the top in front of the stationary pumping pump station and supplying to the closed main pipeline, then to the distribution pipelines for sprinkler machines, already diluted wastewater to sanitary standards. In this case, at the stationary pumping pump station, the pumping and power equipment operates in a lightweight operating mode for pumping a stream with a lower density if it would be simple to supply undiluted wastewater itself, i.e. it is necessary to reduce the mass of liquid effluents by specific gravity. With this in mind, pipelines and gate valves at ZPOs do not require anti-corrosion coating, pipeline designs can be different (steel, cast iron, polymer, etc.).

The operation of the water distribution and mixing unit is performed automatically without the use of shutoff valves, which ensures its high operational reliability and lengthens the service life.

According to sanitary standards, with the accumulation of storage ponds with drainage water, they remain filled for the entire winter period of time, and in the spring during the period of mass snow melting, excess water is discharged after determining its chemical analysis for the absence of environmental damage.

The procedure for implementing the simultaneous process of fertilizing irrigation at the water treatment plant by sprinkling or other irrigation methods will depend on the complex of facilities used on the reclamation water circulation system, their parameters and equipment of pumping stations, hydraulic characteristics of pipelines, etc.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of the planned location of agricultural irrigation fields; in FIG. 2 schematically shows a water distribution unit for introducing liquid fertilizers with dilution of drainage water.

The reclamation water system using livestock waste water contains a source of liquid fertilizer 1, for example a livestock pond, a gate valve 2, a gravity closed pipe is divided into a supply 3 and a discharge 4 parts, a drainage chamber 5 located in front of the pumping stationary pumping station 6, a main pipeline 7 with installed valve 8. Pump station 5 provides the intake and supply to the closed main pipeline 7 and then to the closed distribution pipelines Odes 9 and 10 of the estimated flow rate of diluted effluents by drainage water or clean water from nearby waterways. At the beginning of irrigation pipelines 11 and 12, inspection wells 13 are installed, while along the entire length of the pipelines 11 and 12 are reinforced with risers 14 according to the design scheme for connecting a sprinkler 15 with the possibility of fertilizer irrigation of irrigated areas. Typical irrigated areas 16 are broken according to the applied sprinkling technique. Closed irrigation pipelines 11 and 12 have end discharge wells 17 with gate valves 18 connected to a closed open channel 19 (collector).

Irrigated areas 16 with fertilizer irrigation have a drainage drainage network 20 connected to closed collectors 21 with waste wells 22 with valves 23 in the source part, and also connected to a closed open channel 19.

The reclamation water circulation system using livestock wastewater is equipped with a storage pond 24 drainage water, located near a closed open channel 19, into which drainage water comes from a drainage network with closed collectors, then is pumped by a mobile pumping station 25 (type SNP) to a storage pond 24 and it is reserved (accumulated) for supplying it to a closed pressure head pipe 26 by using a second mobile pumping station 27 and supplying it to the water distribution and dilution unit 28 with blunt gravity in a closed duct divided by the inlet portion and outlet portion 3, 4.

The water distribution and dilution unit 28 includes a chamber 29 arranged in series with an ejector, the active nozzle 30 of which is connected to the supply pressure pipe 26 of the drainage water (possibly pure water from a river, stream, with a lack of drainage water), and the passive nozzle 31 is connected by a liquid fraction of manure (runoff) with a supply section 3 of a gravity pipe from a source of liquid fertilizer 1.

Between the inlet 3 and the outlet 4 sections of the pipeline there is a chamber 29 with an ejector, a two-phase nozzle 32, a separator 33 and a liquid diffuser 34 are placed, which is connected to an additional outlet pipe 35 with a check valve 36. A chamber 29 with an ejector is connected to supply drainage water into it and mixing with the drain, moreover, the continuation of the chamber 29 has a mixing chamber 37 with a diffuser 38, the latter being connected to a discharge section 4 of a gravity-filled closed pipeline in the direction of the direction of the stock-receiving chamber 5, of which diluted livestock wastewater is collected by the pumping station 6 (the drainage chamber is located along the topography of the pumping station 6 in the embankment, which ensures their flow under pressure to the pumping and power equipment of the station without filling the pumps with water and putting them into operation).

An additional discharge pipe 35 is connected to the discharge section 4 of the gravity pipe located with a positive slope towards the drainage chamber 5.

Reclamation water circulation system using livestock runoff works as follows.

First, there is a gravity filling of open closed channels due to local drainage water from a spillway with a drainage network of closed pipelines, and this begins in the autumn and winter periods of time, as well as the beginning of the spring time period, when snow reserves accumulate in the territory of the irrigated fields included in the composition of the system (Fig. 1), and an open closed channel 19 (collector) is arranged along the boundaries of the fields. Thus, when snow melts, open channels do not allow melt water to drain beyond the edge of the bank of an open closed channel 19. In the spring, melt snow and storm water, and drainage water, which are formed by filtering runoff through the thickness of the soil in the spillway area, are then pumped by a mobile pumping station station 25 into the storage pond 24, arranged on the shore of the open channel 19. After filling the storage pond 24, the second mobile pumping station 27 is turned on, and through the pressure pipe 26 with an adjustable valve giving the drainage water in the water distribution assembly 28 and the dilution flows. Next, adjusting the position of the valve for supplying effluents in front of the node 28 water distribution and mixing, which is located after the pond drive 1 drains, fill in the supply part 3 of the gravity pipe.

The installation of a vacuum chamber 29 with an ejector ending in the nozzle 30 allows you to create the necessary pressure by the supplying drainage water flow in the ejector with the nozzle 30. Increasing the speed of water leads to an increase in vacuum, therefore, a large amount of liquid fertilizer saturated with sludge can be introduced.

Liquid fertilizers of livestock stocks contain not only water, but in large quantities suspended particles of sludge and gas (methane) dissolved in the stocks. Thus, the passive medium will consist of a mixture of gas and liquid with sludge, which pass through the two-phase nozzle 32, are accelerated in motion and separated in the separator 33, from where the bulk of the liquid fertilizer with sludge enters the discharge chamber 29, the gas released from liquid, with a small part of its flow, enters the liquid diffuser 34, where they are converted into potential energy with kinetic energy and then enter the outlet part 4 of the gravity pipe. The non-return valve 36 prevents liquid from entering the jet separating device 32 from the discharge part 4 of the pipeline when the supply of drainage drains (or clean water) is stopped, as well as the stoppage of liquid fertilizer (drains).

The mixing of the high-speed drainage flow of water and liquid fertilizers in the chamber 29 at the beginning of the outlet part 4 of the pipeline is accompanied by the restoration of pressure along its length in the direction of the general movement to the drainage chamber with the pump station 5. Thus, as the plot of the flow velocities is equalized and decreases from section to section the average speed of the total flow, pressure is restored in the outlet part 4 of the pipeline, i.e. there is a conversion of the kinetic energy of the inlet pressure stream into a conversion into potential.

In fact, the flow process in node 28 of the water distribution and dilution of the effluents seems rather complicated due to many transient processes, the presence of which is accompanied by a ratio of parameters not only of the ejector, but also of the other elements that make up the node 28 of water distribution and mixing of two liquids, one of which is liquid fertilizer, saturated with a large mass of suspended particles of sludge and gas.

The main parameters of the ejector located in the chamber 29, the two-phase nozzle 32, the separator 33, the liquid diffuser 34 are the pressures and flows they develop in the system in which they work together.

The supply of liquid fertilizers with a large mass of sludge in suspension and the release of gas (methane) when mixing drainage water (or pure water) ensure reliable dilution of livestock stocks before they enter the pumping stationary pumping station 5, which ensures reliable operation of pumping and power equipment for feeding such drains to the main pipeline 6, then to the distribution pipelines 8, 9 and irrigation pipelines 10, 11. The hydrant risers 13 are connected to sprinkler machines 14 for fertilizer poly wow. Simultaneously with irrigation, a drainage network 20 is also involved, from which filtered effluents in the form of water enter the closed drains through the soil stratum, then they are collected in closed collectors 21 and passed through their mouths into open closed channels 19.

Due to the operation of the mobile pumping station 25, the storage pond 24 is constantly filled with drainage water from the filled open channel 19.

The reclamation water circulation system using livestock runoff allows simultaneous fertilizing irrigation by sprinkling in different fields with different relief conditions of plots on lands with close underground water table, and the drainage network allows timely drainage of such water into an open closed channel 19 for their further use for dilution of livestock drains according to the norms provided by water protection measures for their use for irrigation. During repeated irrigation cycles, soluble chemicals are partially returned to the habitat zone and used by plants.

As a result of such mixing, a homogeneous mixture is formed in the outlet section 4 of the gravity pipe, which first enters the drainage chamber 5, where the wastewater is finally mixed with water, from where they enter the main pipeline through the suction part of the pumps with the specified flow rate, and the pumps themselves work after the drainage receiver chamber 5 passes in the mode of operation with a lower viscosity of the flow of effluents, i.e. most of the load is unloaded in comparison, if the drains were not diluted, the thick sludge mass negatively affects the operation of the pumping and power equipment and its rapid deterioration, in addition, diluted drains positively affect the operation of sprinklers with sprinklers (sprinklers), there is no clogging of the pipe of the sprinkler, respectively, and sprinkler devices, especially with regard to the end elements of the pipe.

The system allows drainage water from irrigation and drainage systems to be used to dilute wastewater without involving natural sources of clean water, which increases the degree of use of drainage water again compared to systems of known technical solutions.

If in the spring time surpluses of accumulated drainage water are possible, then, with the permission of Rosprirodnadzor and after processing their analysis for the suitability of discharge at the time of snowmelt, it will be possible to discharge excess water and mix them with storm water in a given concentration, because during the sludge of drainage water in the storage pond in the winter, some of the chemical elements decompose, and some escape into the atmosphere, which ensures its purification from harmful impurities. At the same time, the drainage water in sufficient quality and quantity is replenished from an open closed channel (collector) in order to then use it again to dilute wastewater and then carry out fertilizer irrigation with sprinkling.

The application of the invention allows to significantly simplify the design of the unit for water distribution and dilution of wastewater, to increase the reliability of its operation due to pumping passive media of a heavy mass of livestock effluents containing a mixture of sludge and gas with water, as well as reuse for dilution with drainage water. Thus, the joint work of all nodes (modules) of the reclamation water circulation system using livestock wastewater ensures the efficiency of the system by improving the layout of all nodes and distribution valves, which ensures the uniformity of liquid fertilizers introduced with diluted water on the reclamation system, using the drainage network at the same time. . In turn, this will reduce operating costs for the disposal of wastewater from livestock complexes by automatically regulating the mode of dilution of wastewater with drainage water, it is possible to save clean water, as well as providing a favorable ecological and reclamation situation in the territory.

Claims (4)

1. Reclamation water circulation system using livestock waste water, including irrigated areas on the catchment area, interconnected by closed distribution pipelines, a pond, a drainage network, an open channel, a pumping station, characterized in that the system is equipped with a gravity-filled closed pipe, divided in two parts - to the inlet and outlet, by the water distribution and dilution unit of drains, consisting of sequentially located chambers with an ejector, an active nozzle of the ejector connected to the pressure pipe with drainage water, and the passive one through the outlet to the separator, and a liquid diffuser mounted on a gravity-filled closed pipeline with drains in front of the intake chamber with a pumping station and connected through a two-phase nozzle to the inlet section of the gravity pipe that supplies drains. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gravity pipe is divided into inlet and outlet sections, one of which inlet is intended for liquid effluents, and the outlet for diluted drains with drainage or clean water. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-return valve is placed in an additional outlet pipe connected to the liquid diffuser. 4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the additional outlet pipe is connected to the outlet part of the gravity pipe for supplying an active medium.

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