RU2280514C1 - Grain-cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; production of the grain-cleaning machines.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is intended for cleaning of the grain material by the airflow and may be used in agriculture, flour milling plants, grain elevators and feed mills. The grain-cleaning machine contains: the receiving section with the feeding device; the closed pneumatic system with the extending in the direction of the air current pneumatic-separating channel, in the walls of which there is the unloading window; the settling chamber and the diametric ventilator having the pressure branch-pipe directly conjugated with the pneumatic-separating channel; receivers of the grain material separation products arranged in the lower part of the pneumatic-separating channel opposite to the loading window, on the walls of which there are the pivotally fixed turning plates. The receivers of the grain material separation products are mounted above the settling chamber and enter its upper part. In the receiving part of the grain-cleaning machine there is the tool fitting for separation of the large-size and straw impurities with the discharge branch-pipe. This tool has the netted surface. The discharge branch-pipe is connected with the settling chamber. The diametric ventilator through the exhaust diffuser located in an area of its curvilinear wall, the window with the adjusting shutter and the jalousie partition arranged under the lower part of the tool for extraction of the large-size and straw impurities is connected with the receiving part located under the feeding device. The technical result of the invention is improvement of the quality of the grain material frictional cleaning.

EFFECT: the invention ensures improvement of the quality of the grain material frictional cleaning.

1 dwg

Description

The present invention is intended for the purification of grain mixtures by air flow and can be used in agricultural production, in the flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry.

A known grain cleaning machine, comprising a receiving part with a feeder located therein with a guide tray and a cylindrical sieve, designed to isolate large impurities and located under the feeder, a closed pneumatic system with a diametrical fan, a pneumatic separating channel, in the wall of which there is an inlet, an air supply channel and a sedimentary chamber /one/.

The disadvantage of this device is that part of the air from the pneumatic separation channel through the inlet breaks into the receiving part, and then is thrown out through the outlet pipe for large impurities, dragging the lightest impurities (dust) extracted from the grain material. As a result, an increased dust content of air is created in the machine's operating zone, which worsens the sanitary and hygienic conditions for the maintenance personnel.

In addition, the components of the grain material through the inlet in the pneumatic separation channel enter in a randomly mixed state. In this case, light impurities located in the lower and middle layer of the grain flow, due to the many random collisions between themselves and the grain, are not emitted by the air flow, but are discharged with the main product.

Further, another disadvantage of this machine is that when processing grain material, it does not separate the refined grain into fractions of the first, second grade, nor does it isolate the fraction of crushed, punctured, and crushed grain, which is a valuable feed product for farm animals.

Thus, all of the above worsens the performance of the machine. This device has a low cleaning effect of grain material.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the present invention relates to a grain cleaning machine, comprising a receiving part with a feeding device, a closed pneumatic system with a pneumatic separating channel expanding in the direction of air movement, in the wall of which a loading window is made, a settling chamber and a diametrical fan having a discharge pipe, directly coupled to the air separation channel, the receivers of grain separation products are located e in the lower part of the air separation channel opposite the loading window, on the walls of which pivoting planes are pivotally fixed, and the receivers of the separation products of the grain material are mounted above the sedimentary chamber and enter its upper part / 2 / - prototype.

The presence of a well-known grain cleaning machine in the lower part of the pneumatic separation channel, opposite its loading window, of receivers for the separation of grain material makes it possible to separate the source material into fractions by air and select fodder (punctured, broken, crushed grain), which is a valuable food product for farm animals. However, in this machine, the components of the grain material through the loading window into the pneumatic separation channel also enter in a randomly mixed state. In addition, the separation of large and straw impurities is not carried out until fractional separation of the grain material in the air separation channel. As a result, these circumstances worsen the quality parameters of the functioning of the machine when processing grain material using fractional technology.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the well-known grain cleaning machine, including the receiving part with a feeding device, has a closed pneumatic system with a pneumatic separating channel expanding in the direction of air movement, a loading window is made in its wall, a sediment chamber and a diametrical fan having a discharge pipe directly coupled with air separation channel, receivers of grain separation products located at the bottom of the air separation channel opposite the loading window, on the walls of which swivel planes are hinged, the receivers of grain separation products are mounted above the sediment chamber and enter its upper part, a receiving device with a mesh surface for separating large and straw impurities with an unloading pipe, which is connected with a sedimentary chamber, and a diametrical fan through an exhaust diffuser in the area of its curved wall, a window with an adjustment damper and a louvered partition, Assumption below the bottom of device for the isolation of straw major impurities in communication with the receiving portion under the supply device.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

Installation in the receiving part of a device having a mesh surface for separating large and straw impurities with an unloading nozzle determines the separation of the components of the grain material by size, separation, and then transportation of large and straw impurities into the sedimentation chamber, bypassing the pneumatic separation channel, which further improves the quality parameters of the fractionation of grain material air flow.

The message of the discharge pipe of the device for separating large and straw impurities directly from the sedimentation chamber excludes the use of an additional pipe in the machine to remove the separated large and straw impurities from it, which reduces the specific metal consumption of the machine. In addition, the connection of this discharge pipe to the sedimentation chamber provides a closed cycle of air flow, which eliminates the emission of dusty dust into the air and contributes to the improvement of sanitary conditions for maintenance personnel.

The flow of a diametrical fan through an exhaust diffuser in the area of its curved wall, a window with an adjustment flap and a louvered partition located under the lower part of the device for separating large and straw contaminants causes the air flow to enter and its active effect on the grain material passing through the mesh surface of the device for separation large and straw impurities and moving along the louvered partition to the loading window of the air separation channel. As a result of such exposure to air passing through the louvered partition and moving in the receiving part to the discharge pipe of the device for separating large and straw impurities in communication with the sedimentation chamber, the components of the grain material are redistributed by windage, as well as the removal of dusty weed impurities into the sedimentary chamber. At the same time, light weedy impurities appear in the upper layer of the grain flow entering through the loading window into the pneumo-separating channel, and the grains of the processed crop are in the lower layer. Therefore, the air flow in the pneumatic separation channel more fully releases light weed impurities from the grain material and carries them into the sedimentation chamber. In addition, as a result of this, the parameters of fractional separation of the components of the grain material by the air flow are qualitatively improved.

The installation of an adjustment flap in a window located in the area of the curved wall of the exhaust diffuser of the diametrical fan allows changing the flow area to regulate the required amount of air necessary for high-quality separation of the components of the grain material into the receiving part under the feed device.

As a result, during the operation of the proposed device, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype, and a new set of features of the claimed device, which provides a positive effect, has significant differences.

The drawing shows a diagram of a grain cleaning machine designed for cleaning and fractional separation of grain material.

The grain cleaning machine contains a receiving part with a feeding device 1 and a closed pneumatic system with a diametrical fan 2, a pneumatic separating channel 3, in the wall of which a loading window 4 is made, a sediment chamber 5. The discharge pipe 6 of the diametrical fan is directly connected to the pneumatic separating channel 3, in the lower part of which opposite the loading window 4, there are receivers 7, 8 and 9 of the separation products of the grain material, on the walls 10, 11 and 12 of which the rotary planes 13, 14 and 15 are pivotally fixed accordingly. Moreover, the receivers 7, 8 and 9 of the separation products of the grain material are installed above the sedimentation chamber 5 and the lower part enters its upper part. The pneumatic separation channel 3 is made expanding in the direction of air movement and the output section is in communication with the sediment chamber 5 having an unloading device 16. The outlet of the sediment chamber 5 is connected to a diametrical fan 2. Unloading devices 18, 19 and 20 are installed in the lower part of the receivers 7, 8 and 9 respectively. In the receiving part, a device 21 has a mesh surface for separating large and straw impurities with an unloading pipe 22 in communication with the sediment chamber 5. The exhaust diffuser 23 of the diametrical fan 2 in the area of its curved wall 24 through the window 25 with the adjustment flap 26 communicates with the receiving part under the feeding device 1. The feeding device 1 has a louvered partition 27.

Grain-cleaning machine designed for cleaning and fractional separation of grain material, operates as follows.

The source grain material is fed by the feeding device 1 to the device 21, from which large and straw impurities go immediately, and then through the discharge pipe 22 enter the sedimentation chamber 5. The remaining components of the grain material that have passed through the mesh surface of the device 21, through the loading window 4 enter the air separation channel 3 is redistributed in layers (the upper layer mainly consists of light impurities, the lower layer consists of grain) as a result of supply through the window 25 and active exposure through the blinds of the partitions and 27 air moving in the receiving part to the discharge pipe 22 and carrying some light impurities (mainly dust-like) through it to the sedimentation chamber 5. In the air-separating channel 3, the components of the grain material are exposed to air flow entering through the discharge pipe 6 from the diametrical fan 2 The cleaned grain material under the influence of air flow is redistributed and divided into fractions. In this case, the motion paths of the processed material depend on the windage coefficient. The most complete grains (first grade), which are characterized by a maximum speed of soaring and steeply descending and the trajectory of movement, fall into the receiver 7, are collected in it and the discharge device 18 is displayed outside the machine. Less full grains with a lower speed of rotation (second grade) have hollow falling motion paths and fall into the receiver 8 for refined grain and are likewise output by the unloading device 19 outside the machine. Crushed, punctured, broken grains having the lowest critical speed of soaring are carried to the upper part of the air separation channel 3. Since the air separation channel 3 is made expanding in the direction of air movement, the air flow rate decreases and becomes less than the speed of the crushed, punctured and broken grain ( feed fraction). As a result, under the influence of gravity, these grains move down, fall into the receiver 9 and are discharged by the unloading device outside the machine. Light weedy impurities are carried by air flow into the sedimentation chamber 5, deposited in it and discharged by the discharge device 16 outside the machine. Purified in the sedimentation chamber 5, the air again enters the diametrical fan 2, which again feeds it into the air separation channel 3 and through the window 25 under the louvered partition 27 to perform the subsequent process.

The clarity of the separation of the material to be cleaned into fractions is regulated using pivotally mounted rotary planes 13, 14 and 15 by setting them in the appropriate position. To perform the process, the air flow rate in the pneumatic separation channel 3 is set by changing the rotational speed of the diametrical fan 2 using a variator, and the flow of air under the louvered partition 27 is controlled by changing the bore of the window 25 using the shutter 26.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of fractional purification of grain material.

Literature

1. A.S. USSR 848088, MKI З В 07 В 4/00. Grain-cleaning machine / V.D. Oleinikov, N.I. Grabelkovsky, A.A. Gehtman, V.V. Antyukhin. - No. 2778497 / 29-03; Stated 06/11/79 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1981. - No. 27.

2. RF patent for the invention No. 2204445, IPC 7 V 07 V 4/02, A 01 F 12/44. Grain cleaning machine / V.E.Saitov, G.P. Dudin. - No. 2001130303/13; Stated November 8, 2001 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2003. - No. 14 - prototype.

Claims (1)

A grain cleaning machine, including a receiving part with a feeding device, a closed pneumatic system with a pneumatic separating channel expanding in the direction of air movement, a loading window is made in its wall, a sediment chamber and a diametrical fan having a discharge pipe directly connected to the pneumatic separating channel, and grain material separation products receivers, located in the lower part of the air separation channel opposite the loading window, on the walls of which are pivotally fixed rotary planes are provided, and receivers of grain separation products are mounted above the sedimentary chamber and enter its upper part, characterized in that a receiving device has a mesh surface for separating large and straw impurities with an unloading pipe that is in communication with the sedimentary chamber, and diametral fan through an exhaust diffuser in the area of its curved wall, a window with an adjustment flap and a louvered partition located under the lower part of the device for For the separation of large and straw impurities, communicated with the receiving part under the feeder.