RU2262385C1 - Sluice for settling of concentrates of heavy minerals from a pulp and a trapping rug for it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: design of sluices and trapping rugs for settling concentrates of heavy minerals from a pulp.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the designs of the sluices and trapping rugs used for settling of concentrates of heavy minerals, in the initial granulometric composition of which the thinly-dispersed and-or laminar particles are prevailing. These sluices and rugs are intended for a search and survey of the natural and technogenic deposits of valuable minerals and for evaluation of the magnitude of the valuable minerals stocks, and mainly - for their extraction from ground rocks and-or grounds at development of: the natural placers, tailings of the natural placers processed by less modern means, ground dumps of some mining and-or metallurgical enterprises and-or the ash of the thermal power stations working on a solid fuel. In the sluice used for settling of heavy minerals concentrates from a pulp each wave-shaped groove consists of sequentially alternating on a direction of camber of half-wave parts linked by the flat inserts, through which at a level of no more than half of their height are passing rod stocks for hanging transversal grooves made in each row in the form of separate plates and mounted with a capability of turning inside grooves. At that the height of the flat inserts is practically equal to the height of the half-wave parts of the wave-shaped grooves, each of the magnetic inserts is placed under an intersection point geometrical axis of one of the rod stocks with a plane of symmetry of one of the flat inserts. The windings of solenoids of power supply are connected to the alternating-current generator, and butts of these solenoids are located under those cells of the trapping rug, under which the magnetic inserts are located. The trapping rug for settling of the concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp has the lower and the upper cellular layers made out of an elastic material and the magnetic inserts under some cells of the upper layer. The magnetic inserts are made out of plates of permanent magnets. At that in each cell of the upper layer above the bottom there is a petal gate, and between the petal gates and side-shoulders there are nap filaments fixed to the bottoms of the cells. The technical result is a decreased drift in a dump of thin-grained and-or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals, an increased degree of concentration and efficiency of production of the main product.

EFFECT: the invention ensures a decreased drift in a dump of thin-grained and-or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals, an increased degree of concentration and efficiency of production of the main product.

9 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the design of locks and catching mats for the deposition of concentrates of such heavy minerals from the pulp, in the initial particle size distribution of which finely dispersed and / or lamellar particles predominate. These locks and rugs are designed for the search and exploration of natural and man-made deposits of valuable heavy minerals and for assessing the amount of recoverable reserves, and mainly for their extraction from crushed enclosing rocks and / or soils during development:

natural placers

tailings processing natural placers by less sophisticated means,

shredded dumps of some mining and / or metallurgical enterprises and / or

ashes of solid-fuel fired power plants.

State of the art

The terms used above, hereinafter, mean:

“Gateway” - at least a one-section device for the deposition of heavy mineral concentrates, which is equipped with at least one set of reciprocating movable stencils in the form of a set of longitudinal wave-like corrugations and transverse corrugations to control the speed and direction of the pulp flow;

“Catching mat” - such a removable bottom of each section of the airlock in which heavy mineral concentrate accumulates;

“Heavy minerals” - minerals whose density is usually more than double that of the host rocks and / or soils and which include native metals such as gold, silver, platinum and other platinum group metals, and in some cases lead, arsenic and mercury or their natural compounds;

"Fine particles of heavy minerals" - such particles of these minerals that have a maximum size in the range from 0.1 to 0.005 mm;

“Lamellar particles of heavy minerals” - such particles of these minerals in which the thickness is significantly less than the length and width;

“Rock” - such natural minerals as, for example, quartz, or such artificial mineral-like materials such as slags or sediments stored in dumps, which arose, in particular, during the processing of polymetallic ores and which contain impurities of valuable heavy minerals;

"Soils" - initially loose clusters of mineral particles, mainly of the type of quartz sand, which contain impurities of valuable heavy minerals;

"Black concentrate" - dispersed particles of rocks that are close in density to valuable heavy minerals, for example:

particles of natural minerals such as magnetite and ilmenite and / or

particles of artificial minerals such as residues of iron and lead shots, molten steel, iron oxide and other waste, which are usually widely represented in the dumps of metallurgical plants;

“Pulp” is an artificially prepared (usually water-based) fluid suspension, the solid phase of which contains a mixture of particles of at least one crushed rock and / or one soil and particles of at least one valuable heavy mineral;

“Concentrate” is a wet (but not fluid) intermediate product that is precipitated from pulp and substantially enriched with at least one valuable heavy mineral;

“Target product” - an almost pure valuable heavy mineral extracted from a concentrate;

“Channel” - at least partially winding space between two adjacent wave-like corrugations or between extreme wave-like corrugations of a movable stencil and the corresponding sides of the flow chute, which serves as the main body part of the lock.

It is well known:

that the initial concentration of valuable heavy minerals in the host rocks and soils rarely reaches 1%, and for precious native metals in placers it usually does not exceed 0.1% by weight and

often a significant part of valuable heavy minerals is interspersed in dispersed rocks and / or soils in the form of finely dispersed and / or lamellar particles.

Therefore, gateways and catch mats should:

provide the largest possible share of the target product in the concentrate,

be easy to manufacture and maintain and easy to replace

be suitable for both exploration and field development,

ensure labor safety, as little environmental pollution as possible and as low as possible unit energy consumption.

These requirements are difficult to match. Therefore, they were able to be performed only individually and in some particular combinations.

So, for the extraction of precious metals from rocks and soils since the 19th century (see "The Great Polytechnic Dictionary", Moscow: Scientific Publishing House "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 1998, p.25 and p.591) apply:

amalgamation, i.e. dissolving metals (mainly gold or platinum) with mercury, separating the amalgam from the undissolved rock and / or soil residue by filtration and isolating the target product from the filtrate by evaporating mercury, and

cyanidation, that is, selective dissolution (mainly gold or silver) in weak aqueous solutions of alkali metal cyanides and subsequent precipitation of the target product.

These processes are energetically acceptable and, regardless of the shape and size of the particles, provide almost complete extraction of precious metals from rocks and / or soils. However, protecting people and the environment from exposure to toxic materials such as mercury and cyanides is very complex and expensive. In addition, these methods and equipment for their implementation are unsuitable for exploration.

Therefore, now amalgamation and cyanidation are usually used only in the factory for the extraction of precious metals from scrap electronic devices and for the processing of such concentrates of these metals that were obtained by precipitation from pulp directly in the deposits.

Concentrates are usually obtained using accelerated - in comparison with particles of rock and / or soil - deposition of particles of heavy minerals from the pulp in the Earth's gravitational field and washing most of the other particles out of the resulting sediments with a stream of water or, sometimes, another liquid (see, for example , Shokhin VN, Lopatin AG “Gravity methods of enrichment”, Moscow, NEDRA, 1993).

The water-based pulp and the concentrates extracted from it are biologically inert, and the tails that enter the dumps are mechanical mixtures of chemically unchanged rock particles and / or soils and unseparated residues of heavy minerals. Therefore, the processes of gravitational enrichment are practically safe for the personnel of the mines and for the natural environment.

However, gravitational enrichment is less effective, the smaller the difference in density between the target product and the host rocks and / or soils and the smaller and closer in shape to the particles of a valuable heavy mineral particle. Moreover, even with a significant difference in density, which is characteristic, for example, for gold and quartz sand, the loss of finely dispersed and / or lamellar particles of gold in the tails after mining placers using drags is very large.

For example, in the Amur Region of the Russian Federation alone, after extracting about 300 tons of gold from the placers, more than 10 ⁹ m ^{3 of} tailings were accumulated, which, according to the IRGIREDMET Institute, contain more than 600 tons of unallocated gold. In other words, a large (by reserves) and practically inaccessible (for conventional production means) man-made deposit was formed at the site of natural placers.

Such gold losses are due to the fact that ordinary dredges and flushing devices have predominantly fine-filled floodgates with monolithic cellular mats and rigid stationary stencils (see, for example, Karmazin V.I. Processes and machines for mineral processing. - M .: NEDRA, 1974, p. 115-188).

These locks and catch mats are simple in design, easy to manufacture and install, and reliable in operation. However, the rug cells quickly (in 1.5-2 hours of operation) become clogged with sediment so densely that even small grains and, especially, finely dispersed and / or lamellar gold particles in the pulp flow freely slip over the “bed” that has arisen and are carried away to the dump, and the proportion of the target product in the concentrate is significantly lower than possible.

To combat this undesirable effect, many scientists until recently recommended, and prospectors practically used the simplest method:

periodically stopping the supply of pulp to the gateway,

eat the catch mat and

washing off the accumulated concentrate from it.

Naturally, the productivity of locks decreases the more noticeably, the more frequent outages, and that equipment downtime often increases the cost of the target product so much that it makes it unprofitable to extract even in countries whose climate allows year-round mining of placers.

Therefore, attempts to find ways and means to prevent rapid and excessive compaction of the "bed" in the gateways do not stop.

In particular, it was proposed to loosen the “bed” by forced vibrations of the corrugated stencils (SU 831180 A1).

Unfortunately, in this way, only the top layer of debris material deposited in the trap mats can be suspended, and the concentrate settling down below remains almost untouched.

Attempts to suspend the entire mass of the concentrate by connecting the floodgates as a whole to the vibrators (see op cit the book by V.N. Shokhin and A.G. Lopatin, p.221 and 228) are energetically disadvantageous and contribute to the intensive destruction of body parts. Moreover, the vibrations of the entire gateway usually do not provide effective loosening of the precipitated concentrate in the depths of the cells of the catching mat (especially when black concentrate enters the concentrate along with gold).

Therefore, the loosening of the concentrate, contributing to the separation of fine and / or lamellar particles of the target product from particles of host rocks and / or soils removed into the tailings of the enrichment, should be as focused as possible.

Such a rather purposeful loosening of the concentrate is ensured by a lock and a catch mat according to RU 2095147, which are closest in design to the lock and mat proposed below.

The known gateway (see Fig. 1 and the corresponding parts of the description) has a flow chute, at least the bottom of which is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which in the working position is inclined to the horizontal and is connected with the upper end to the pulp source and the lower end to the outlet enrichment tailings in a dump, a cellular catching mat laid on the bottom of the gutter, and magnetic inserts located at least under some cells of the mat, a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of small filling, to each of which has at least two longitudinal rows of grooved grooves in plan, located at the same level above the catching mat, and transverse grooves, and is connected to at least one reciprocating drive along the sides of the gutter and rug, and means for exciting vertical vibrations in the pulp stream based on a pulsed alternator and solenoids.

The well-known catching mat (see ibid., FIG. 2 and the corresponding parts of the description text) has an upper cellular layer of elastic material, in which each cell is bounded along the perimeter by the sides and the bottom, lower (in particular, resting in the working position on the bottom of the flow chute ) a layer that is also made of an elastic material and, at least in the working position, is connected with the upper layer, and magnetic liners that are firmly connected to the lower layer (in particular, pressed into it) and are located at least under some and the upper layer cells.

In the known gateway, wave-like and transverse riffles of oscillating stencils and edges of the cells of the catching mat slow down the pulp flow and deliberately distort the velocity field of solid particles. In this case, particles of “light” rocks and / or soils move away from each convexity of that wave-like corrugation that bends around part of the pulp stream in a channel, while particles of heavy minerals remain close to or approach these bulges. Vertical vibrations of the parts of the mat under the pulsed action of the solenoids loosen the concentrate deposited in the cells, contributing to the multiple redistribution of solid particles in the velocity field and the enrichment of the concentrate with the target product.

Unfortunately, the long-term operation of the well-known gateway showed that it is effective only under a combination of conditions such as:

significant similarity of the particle size distribution of the initial dispersed mass of rocks and / or soils and valuable heavy minerals,

the stability of the T / G ratio (that is, the “solid phase / liquid”) in the pulp in the preferred range of 1/10 to 1/7, because excess liquid in the pulp contributes to the demolition of the “bed” in the dump and even leaching of the precipitate from the cells, and the excess the solid phase makes it difficult to loosen, and

the practical absence of impurities of the "black concentrate" type.

However, even with such a favorable set of conditions, only the largest fine and / or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals pass into the concentrate. This undesirable effect is due to the fact that:

smooth conjugations between half-waves of wave-like riffles do not allow (even with the help of transverse riffles) to fix for a short time relative to the cells of the catching mat the redistribution of particles with different density, which is achieved at each rotation of the pulp stream, and

with vertical vibrations of almost the entire mass of the sediment, finely dispersed and / or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals are more often carried away by pulp flowing in curved channels and carried away into the tailings, the thicker the “bed” on the well-known catching mat, the magnetic liners under which are located relative to the flutes randomly.

Accordingly, the loss of the target product is reduced only at the initial stage of filling the cells of the catching mat with concentrate.

Summary of the invention

The basis of the invention is the task of changing the shape and relative position of the means of braking the flow of pulp and loosening the sediment with vertical shocks to create such locks and a catch mat that would significantly reduce the drift into the dump of fine and / or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals and thereby increase the degree of concentration and efficiency extraction of the target product.

The task in the main part is solved by the fact that in the gateway for the deposition of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp, having:

a flow chute, at least the bottom of which is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which, in the working position, is inclined to the horizontal and connected with its upper end to the pulp source and its lower end to the enrichment tailings removal means to the dump,

a mesh catching mat laid on the bottom of the gutter,

magnetic liners located at least under some cells of the mat,

a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of small filling, each of which has at least two longitudinal rows of undulating planes located in the same plane above the catching mat, and transverse corrugations and is connected to at least one reciprocating drive along the sides gutters and rugs, and

means for exciting vertical oscillations in a pulp stream based on a pulsed alternator and solenoid generator,

according to the invention

each wave-like corrugation consists of half-wave parts alternately alternating in the convex direction, connected by flat inserts, through which rods for suspension of transverse corrugations, made in each row in the form of separate plates and mounted to rotate inside the channels, are passed through at no more than half their height the height of the flat inserts is almost equal to the height of the half-wave parts of wave-shaped corrugations,

each of the magnetic inserts is placed under the intersection of the geometric axis of one of the rods with the plane of symmetry of one of the flat inserts,

the power solenoid windings are connected to an alternator, and the ends of these solenoids are located under the cells of the catching mat, under which the magnetic liners are located.

Such shapes and the relative position of undulating and transverse corrugations and magnetic inserts under the cells of the catching mat allow:

firstly, near each flat insert between the half-waves of undulating corrugations:

- briefly interrupt the redistribution of "light" particles of rock and / or soil and particles of heavy minerals in the horizontal velocity field when the pulp moves around each regular half-wave of a wave-like corrugation,

- to facilitate during such interruption the redistribution of these particles vertically, that is, the settling of heavy and "floating" of light particles, and

secondly, by vertical oscillations of the sediment and pulp in the volume above the corresponding magnetic liner, effectively shake almost the entire mass of concentrate in the cells, suspending predominantly “light” particles of rock and / or soil and transferring a significant part of them through the upper section of the transverse grooves for ablation downstream to the dump.

The simultaneous occurrence of these processes over the corresponding cells of the catching mat facilitates the depositing of even the finest fine and / or lamellar particles of a valuable heavy mineral into a concentrate. Therefore, by the end of each regular cycle of the lock operation, the share of the target product in the concentrate and the efficiency of its production increase significantly.

These advantages are manifested even with significant differences in the granulometric composition of the initial dispersed mass of rocks and / or soils and valuable heavy minerals against the background of a noticeable admixture of black concentrate in the solid phase of the initial pulp and in a wider than the above ratio range T / G.

The first additional difference is that the flat inserts of the wave-like corrugations have recesses in the lower parts, and said transverse corrugated plates in the lower parts also have at least one-sided side protrusions that are located in the recesses of the flat inserts. This allows you to limit the rotation of the parts of the transverse grooves under the pressure of the pulp stream and the total speed of the removal of solid particles into the dump, which is especially important at each next start of the process.

The second additional difference is that the gateway is equipped with at least one magnetic separator, in which the number of magnets and their arrangement in plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic liners under the cells of the catching mat and which is mounted above at least one selected stencil and connected to the drive reciprocating movement relative to this stencil. Such a separator makes it possible to temporarily capture ferromagnetic particles of black concentrate during vertical pulp vibrations and, thereby, prevents their deposition together with the particles of the target product in the cells of the catching mat.

The third additional difference is that the magnetic separator is made in the form of a box of non-ferromagnetic material and a set of flat magnets mounted on it in suspensions, which are connected to a synchronous reciprocating drive relative to the bottom of the box. This form of execution of the magnetic separator makes it possible to most effectively temporarily isolate ferromagnetic particles of black concentrate at the moments of local bursts of the vibrating pulp and transfer them to the stream above the transverse corrugations of the stencils at the moments of local decrease in the pulp level.

Specialists understand that the following examples of the implementation of the inventive concept (especially in terms of the design of the drives, the means of synchronizing their work, the choice of the number of magnetic separators and specific designs of the trap mats) in no way limit the scope of rights defined by the claims.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the capture mat for the deposition of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp, which has an upper cellular layer of elastic material, in which each cell is bounded along the perimeter by the sides and from the bottom to the bottom, the lower layer of elastic material, which is at least working position associated with the upper layer, and magnetic liners, firmly connected to the lower layer and located at least under some cells of the upper layer, according to the invention, the magnetic liners are made of permanent magnet plates, while in each cell of the upper layer above the bottom there is a flap valve, and between the petals of the valve and the sides there are pile threads attached to the bottom of the cells.

In the cells of such a catching mat, at each vertical shock created by magnetic inserts when the solenoids are triggered, the valve petals open and push the sediment up, causing microvortices in the liquid medium. At the same time, relatively light particles of rock or soil that got into the concentrate more often slip past the pile threads and are thrown into the pulp stream than the finely dispersed and, especially, lamellar particles of heavy minerals, which are again drawn into the cells due to the bending of the pile threads down when the valve petals move backwards. This reduces the drift of particles of heavy minerals from the cells to the dump and increases the degree of concentration of the target product and the efficiency of its extraction.

The first additional difference is that the width b of the slit at the base of the flap valve and the width B of the cell are related by the ratio b = (0.2-0.33) · B. This ensures optimal mixing of the concentrate that settles in the cells.

The second additional difference is that the height h of the pile threads and the height H of the sides of the cells are connected by the relation h = (0.5-2.5) · N. This contributes to the efficient deposition of lamellar particles of heavy minerals such as gold, platinum and silver, and fine droplets of liquid mercury.

The third additional difference is that the flaps of each valve are closed in the initial position. This prevents the penetration of sediment into the sub-petal space of the valves, which is especially important in the initial period of sedimentation of the concentrate.

The fourth additional difference is that the length L and width B of each cell are related by the relation L = (2.5-4.0) · V. This contributes to the demolition of relatively light particles of rock or soil and increase the proportion of the target product in the concentrate.

It is clear that when choosing specific ratios of the indicated sizes and execution forms of flap valves, arbitrary combinations of these additional differences with the main inventive concept are possible and that the preferred examples of its embodiment described below in no way limit the scope of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Further, the invention is illustrated by a detailed description of the design and operation of the gateway and catch mat with reference to the drawings, which depict on:

figure 1 is a diagram of the relative position in terms of details of the stencils and magnetic liners under the cells of the catching mat (with a break at the ends and from one of the sides of the gutter);

figure 2 - diagram of the suspension of the plates of the transverse grooves on the rods (axonometric projection);

figure 3 - arrangement of the plates of the transverse grooves relative to the wave-like grooves (side view);

figure 4 - section of the gateway, equipped with a magnetic separator (side view with conventionally removed side);

5 is a capture mat (cross section);

6 is a General diagram of the distribution of solid particles of different densities in the velocity field inside the curved part of the channel (axonometric projection);

7 is a diagram of a short-term interruption of the redistribution of solid particles of different densities in the velocity field near flat inserts in wave-like corrugations and plates of transverse corrugations (plan view).

The best embodiment of an inventive concept

The basis of the simplest lock according to the invention (see Fig. 1) is a flow chute 1. It has side sides 2 and a bottom 3 made of non-ferromagnetic material.

In the working position, the gutter 1 is inclined to the horizontal (usually at an angle of 6 ° to 11 °) and is connected with the upper end to the pulp source, and the lower end to the means for removing tailings into the dump.

At the bottom 3 of the groove 1, a mesh catching mat 4 is laid (which is conventionally shown in FIG. 1 only fragmentarily in the form of a grid of intersecting lines). At least under some cells, the mat 4 is provided with magnetic inserts 5 in the form of plates of permanent magnets (the contours of which in Fig. 1 are conventionally shown by dashed lines).

Above the rug 4 is a set of kinematically connected rigid stencils 6 of small filling (which are collectively indicated by an extension line with an arrow). The stencils 6 are usually made of non-ferromagnetic material and are connected to at least one (oppositely directed arrows in FIG. 1) suitable drive for reciprocating movement along the sides 2 of the groove 1 and the mat 4. Each stencil 6 has:

firstly, at least two rows of corrugated undulating planes, which are located at the same level above the rug 4 along the sides 2 of the groove 1 and each of which consists of half-wave parts 7, alternating in direction of convexity, practically identical in height (usually in the form of circular half cylinders) and flat inserts 8 between each adjacent pair of such "half waves" 7, and,

secondly, at least two sets of transverse flutes 9 in the form of plates, which are individually suspended on the rods 10 with the possibility of rotation inside the channels between the rows of wave-like flutes 7, 8 and between the extreme rows of such flutes 7, 8 and the sides 2 of the gutter 1.

The rods 10 are passed through the flat inserts 8, usually at no more than half their height, and each of the magnetic inserts 5 installed under the cells of the mat 4 is placed under the corresponding intersection point of the geometric axis of one of the rods 10 with the plane of symmetry of one of the flat inserts 8.

It is desirable that the plates of the transverse corrugations 9 in the lower parts have at least one-sided side protrusions 11 (see FIG. 2), and the flat inserts 8 of the wave-like corrugations also have recesses 12 in the lower parts to accommodate these protrusions 11 and to limit the rotation of the plates 9 (see figure 3).

Each gateway according to the invention has a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp stream on the basis of an especially not shown pulsed alternating current generator and solenoids 13 (see figure 4). The windings of the solenoids 13 are connected by power to the said generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat 4, which are equipped with magnetic inserts 5.

It is desirable that the gateway be equipped with at least one magnetic separator to capture ferromagnetic particles from the pulp stream and reduce the likelihood of them entering the concentrate. It is advisable that such a separator (see figure 4) had:

a pulp-tight box 14 of non-ferromagnetic material that is installed inside the gutter 1 above at least one selected stencil (and preferably above all stencils) 6 of small filling,

the reciprocating drive of this box 14, which is not shown specifically and arbitrarily designated only by oppositely directed arrows, is capable of operating, as a rule, in antiphase mode with a stencil drive 6, and

a set of flat magnets 15, which are installed inside the box 14 at the same level on the hinged suspensions 16 with the possibility of synchronous reciprocating motion relative to the bottom of this box 14, for example, from the drive pusher 17.

The number of magnets 15 and their arrangement in the plan correspond to the number and location of the magnetic liners 5 under the cells of the catching mat 4.

The airlock can be used for the extraction of valuable heavy minerals and exploration of deposits with a honeycomb catching mat 4, the essential features of which are only the magnetic inserts 5 mentioned above, fixed (for example, in a checkerboard or other suitable order) under at least some cells. However, it is preferable to use the mat 4 according to the invention for mining and, especially, for exploration of deposits with high accuracy in assessing the recoverable reserves of valuable heavy minerals. Such a mat 4 has (see figure 5):

the lower (supporting) layer 18, which is made of elastic material,

the upper cellular layer 19, which is also made of elastic material and at least in the working position is connected with the lower layer 18 and in which each cell 20 is bounded around the perimeter by the sides 21 and from the bottom to the bottom 22,

the already mentioned magnetic liners 5, which are made of permanent magnet plates, are firmly connected to the lower layer 18 and are located at least under some cells 20 of the upper layer 19,

flap valves 23, which are located above the bottom 22 of each cell 20, and

pile threads 24, which are attached to the bottom 22 of each cell 20 and placed between the petals of the valves 23 and the sides 21 of the cells 20.

It is desirable that:

the width b of the slit at the base of each flap valve 23 and the width B of the cell 20 were connected by the ratio b = (0.2-0.33) · B;

the height h of the pile threads 24 and the height H of the sides 21 for all cells 20 were connected by the ratio h = (0.5-2.5) · N;

the petals of each valve 23 in the initial position were closed,

the length L and width 8 of each cell 20 were related by the ratio L = (2.5-4.0) · V, and

the width of the magnetic liners 5 was not less than the width b of the slit of the flap valve 23, preferably equal to this width b, but did not exceed the width B of the cell 20.

The specific linear dimensions of the cells 20 and other parts of the catching mat 4 are selected in a manner known to those skilled in the art, taking into account the composition of the rocks and / or soils containing heavy minerals and the particle size distribution of the target product. Typically, the size of the cells 20 in the light is from 5 mm to 10 mm in width and from 10 mm to 25 mm in length, the thickness of the bottom 22 can reach 1.5-2.0 mm, and the height of the sides 21 does not exceed 10 mm. Of course, these values are for reference only and in no way limit the choice of specific dimensions of the parts of the mat 4.

It should be borne in mind that the manufacture of the mat 4 as an integral product is preferable from the point of view of the stability of the location of the magnetic liners 5 under the slots in the bases of the flap valves 23. However, the wear of the lower layer 18 is much slower than the wear of the upper mesh layer 19. Therefore, in practice it is advisable to manufacture layers 18 and 19 separately.

Extraction and exploration of deposits of heavy minerals using the invention are as follows.

The flow chute 1 is installed in the working position at an angle of 6-11 ° to the horizontal. A trap mat 4 is laid on its bottom 2 so that the magnetic inserts 5 are located almost exactly under the cells 20 (and in the case of the mat 4 according to the invention, under the slots in the bases of the flap valves 23 in the cells 20).

Then turn on the drive reciprocating movement of the stencils 6 and begin the flow of pulp. Solenoids 13 can be connected to a switching power supply with a certain delay, but no later than the appearance of pulp at the exit of the gutter 1.

The flow through the winding channels between the reciprocating moving wave-like corrugations 7, 8 and between such corrugations and side walls 2 leads to inhibition of the pulp and the redistribution of “light” particles of rocks and / or soil and “heavy” particles of the target product in the velocity field inside the curved sections channels.

This can be seen in Fig.6, where the "heavy" and "light" particles correspond to dark and light circles, and intermediate by mass particles are indicated by half dark circles. It is also clearly seen that “heavy” particles (under the action of the resulting force F as the vector sum of the Earth’s gravitational force F ₁ and centripetal force F ₂ ) tend to settle near the surface with a minimum radius, and “light” particles are thrown to the surface with a maximum radius .

The described redistribution of solid particles in the channels is additionally facilitated by the reciprocating movement of the stencils 6.

The essential features of the gateway are as follows (see figure 7):

the redistribution of solid particles in the pulp stream in the channels is interrupted briefly near the lateral surface of each flat insert 8 between the half-wave parts 7 of each wave-like corrugation,

the collision of the pulp stream with the transverse flutes 9 plates suspended on the rods 10 facilitates the movement of solid particles into the black areas in Fig. 7, under which the cells 20 of the catching mat 4 and the magnetic inserts 5 are located (these zones are limited by half-wave end parts in the flow 7 , approximately half of each flat insert 8 and the corresponding transverse flutes 9),

vertical shocks that act on the honeycomb layer 19 of the catching mat 4 when the magnetic liners 5 vibrate under the action of the solenoids 13 effectively shake almost the entire mass of the concentrate deposited in the cells 20.

As a result, the floating of “light” particles of rocks and / or soils and their removal to the dump through the upper cut of the transverse grooves 9 and the sliding of “heavy” particles (including even finely dispersed and / or lamellar particles of a valuable heavy mineral) on the surface of the transverse grooves 9 into the cells are facilitated 20 catching mat 4 and obtaining a concentrate.

Limiting the angle of rotation of the plates of the transverse corrugations to 9 edges of the recesses 12 in the flat inserts of 8 wave-like corrugations reduces the likelihood of a breakthrough of "heavy" particles in the gap between the stencils 6 and the sides 21 of the cells 20 of the catching mat 4 (see figure 4). This is especially important every time the process starts.

The most efficient capture of fine and / or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals with an increase in the proportion of the target product in the concentrate is achieved by using a catch mat 4 with flap valves 23 (see figure 5).

Indeed, with each vertical push created by the magnetic inserts 5 when the solenoids 13 are triggered, the valve petals 23 open and push the sediment up, causing microvortices in the liquid medium. First of all, these microvortices suspend relatively light particles of rocks and / or soils that have fallen into the concentrate, which slip past the pile threads 24 into the pulp stream, and finely dispersed and, especially, lamellar particles of heavy minerals are usually drawn back into the cells 20 due to the bending of the pile threads 24 down when closing valve petals 23.

This positive effect is clearly manifested during the extraction of gold from man-made placers and during demercurization, since when settling between the sides of the 21 cells 20 and the inclined surfaces of the valve petals 23, the gold particles form a dense mass that is pinched in the specified gap when the petals open, and microparticles of liquid mercury merge into large slightly mobile drops.

If the pulp contains a significant admixture of black concentrate, consisting of ferromagnetic particles, the gateway is operated using a magnetic separator, which is installed above the stencils 6 (see figure 4).

The reciprocating movement of the box 14 by the pusher 17 (usually out of phase with the same movement of the stencils 6) and the rotations of the flat magnets 15 between the positions “parallel” and “perpendicular” to the bottom of the box 14 provide:

“Snatching” of ferromagnetic particles from the pulp stream in the channels at the moments of local bursts of pulp when pushing the cells 20 with magnetic inserts 5 and

discharge of these particles into the pulp stream at other times of operation of the airlock (usually with ablation to dump over transverse grooves 9).

After filling the cells 20, the pulp supply to the gateway is stopped, at least the upper mesh layer 19 of the catching mat 4 is removed from the flow chute 1, the concentrate is removed in a well-known manner from the cells 20 and packaged in a container for storage and transportation to the enterprise for the extraction of the target product .

Then the process is repeated as described above.

Industrial applicability

The locks and catch mats according to the invention are easy to manufacture industrially at existing engineering plants and factories for the production of rubber products. Further, the gateways can preferably be used as the last devices in the technological chain:

on dredges or other devices for hydraulic mining of both natural and man-made placers of precious metals with a predominance of small particle size classes (smaller than 0.15 mm), and

at the tailings exit from the concentrating plants and factories.

In addition, locks with catch mats according to the invention are applicable:

for the purification of industrial waste containing fine particles of mercury, lead, arsenic and other heavy metals,

for the allocation of non-industrial impurities of gold and platinum in the hydraulic mining of bulk building materials such as sand,

for the associated extraction of precious metals (even with non-industrial content) from bottom sediments during the deepening of the fairways of rivers and sea shelves and

for exploration and scientific research of soils, weathering crusts, processes of hypergenic ore formation and sedimentation in general.

Claims (9)

1. Gateway for the deposition of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp, having a flow chute, at least the bottom of which is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which in the working position is inclined to the horizontal and is connected with the upper end to the pulp source and the lower end to the enrichment tail removal means in a dump, a cellular catching mat laid on the bottom of the gutter, magnetic inserts located at least under some cells of the mat, a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of shallow filling each of which has at least two longitudinal rows of riffled undulating planes located at the same level above the catching mat, and transverse riffles and is connected to at least one reciprocating drive along the sides of the gutter and rug, and means for exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp stream based on a pulsed alternating current generator and solenoids, characterized in that each wave-like corrugation consists of successively alternating half-waves in the convex direction parts connected by flat inserts, through which rods for hanging transverse riffles, made in each row in the form of separate plates and mounted to rotate inside the channels, are passed through at no more than half their height, the height of the flat inserts being almost equal to the height of the half-wave parts of wave-like riffles, each of the magnetic inserts is located under the intersection of the geometric axis of one of the rods with the plane of symmetry of one of the flat inserts, the solenoid windings are connected by power s to the alternator, and the ends of these solenoids are located under those cells of the catching mat, under which the magnetic liners are located. 2. The gateway according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat inserts of the wave-like riffles have recesses in the lower parts, and said transverse riffle plates also in the lower parts have at least one-sided side protrusions that are located in the recesses of the flat inserts. 3. The gateway according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one magnetic separator, in which the number of magnets and their arrangement in plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic inserts under the cells of the catching mat and which is installed above at least one selected stencil and connected to a reciprocating drive relative to this stencil. 4. The gateway according to claim 3, characterized in that the magnetic separator is made in the form of a duct of non-ferromagnetic material and a set of flat magnets mounted on the suspensions that are connected to a synchronous reciprocating drive relative to the bottom of the duct. 5. A collecting mat for the deposition of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp, having an upper cellular layer of elastic material, in which each cell is bounded along the perimeter by the sides and from the bottom to the bottom, a lower layer of elastic material, which is at least in the working position connected with the upper layer, and magnetic liners, firmly connected to the lower layer and located at least under some cells of the upper layer, characterized in that the magnetic liners are made of plates of permanent magnets, with each a cell of a top layer above the bottom is a flap valve, and between the petals of the valve and the sides there are pile threads attached to the bottom of the cells. 6. The capture mat according to claim 5, characterized in that the width b of the slit in the base of the flap valve and the width B of the cell are connected by the ratio b = (0.2 ÷ 0.33) V. 7. The catching mat according to claim 5, characterized in that the height h of the pile threads and the height H of the sides of the cells are connected by the relation h = (0.5 ÷ 2.5) H. 8. The capture mat according to claim 5, characterized in that the petals of each valve in the initial position are closed. 9. The capture mat according to claim 5, characterized in that the length L and width In each cell are connected by the ratio L = (2.5 ÷ 4.0) V.

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