UA4758U - Magnetic separator of sluice for precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp - Google Patents

Abstract

The magnetic separator of the sluice for precipitation of the concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp has, at least, one magnet and power drive intended for periodic introduction of the magnet into the interaction with the mixture of dispersed materials. Separator is made in the form of duct from non-ferromagnetic material and set of flat magnets mounted in it on the suspensions, said magnets are connected to the power drive of synchronous reciprocating motion relative to the bottom of duct.

Description

A useful model refers to the design of magnetic separators of ferromagnetic particles of black slag during the extraction of valuable heavy minerals by their gravitational sedimentation from the flow of pulp in sluices.

In particular, such separators are necessary in the development of crushed waste of some mining and/or metallurgical enterprises and/or ash of thermal power plants operating on solid fuel.

The terms used above, here and below mean: "sluice" - at least a single-section device for the precipitation of heavy mineral concentrates, which, in order to regulate the speed and direction of the pulp flow, is usually equipped with at least one set of reciprocating and moving stencils (in particular, in the form of a set of longitudinal wavy grooves and transverse flutes); "trapping mat" - such a removable bottom part of each section of the lock, in which a concentrate of heavy minerals accumulates; "heavy minerals" - minerals, the density of which is usually more than twice the density of the host rocks and/or soils and which include native metals such as gold, silver, platinum and other metals of the platinum group, and in some cases - lead, arsenic and mercury or their natural compounds; "finely dispersed particles of heavy minerals" - such particles of these minerals that have a maximum size in the interval from 0.1 to 0.005 mm; "lamellar particles of heavy minerals" - such particles of these minerals, the thickness of which is significantly less than the length and width; "rock" - such natural minerals as, for example, quartz, or such artificial mineral-like materials as slags, stored in dumps, or sediments, which arose, in particular, during the processing of polymetallic ores and which contain impurities of heavy minerals; "soils" - primarily friable accumulations of mineral particles, mainly of the quartz sand type, containing impurities of heavy minerals; "ferromagnetic black slag" - ferromagnetic dispersed particles of natural rocks, which are close in density to heavy minerals (for example, minerals such as magnetite and ilmenite) and/or ferromagnetic particles of iron, cast iron, steel and iron slag, which are usually present in the dumps of metallurgical plants ; "pulp" - an artificially prepared (usually water-based) liquid suspension, the solid phase of which contains a mixture of particles of at least one crushed rock and/or one soil and particles of at least one heavy mineral with impurities of black slag; "concentrate" - such (usually wet, but not liquid) intermediate product, which is planted from the pulp and significantly enriched with at least one heavy mineral; "target product" - an almost pure heavy mineral isolated from the concentrate; "channel" - at least a partially winding space between two adjacent wavy flutes or between the extreme wavy flutes of the moving stencil and the corresponding sides of the flow chute, which is the main body part of the lock.

It is generally known that concentrates are usually obtained by using accelerated - in comparison with particles of rock and/or soil - precipitation of particles of heavy minerals from the pulp in the gravitational field of the Earth and washing away from the resulting sediments most of the other particles with a stream of water or, sometimes, another liquid (see ., for example: Shokhin V.N., Lopatin A.G. "Gravity Enrichment Methods", Moscow: NEDRA, 1993).

However, gravity beneficiation is less effective, the smaller the density difference of the target product and rocks and/or soils, the smaller in size and closer in shape to the plates the particles of heavy mineral and the larger impurities of black slag.

These disadvantages of gravity beneficiation are most clearly manifested when such dredges and washing devices are used, which have shallow filling locks with monolithic cellular mats and rigid stationary stencils (see, for example: Karmazyn V.Y. Processes and machines for the enrichment of useful minerals. - M:

NADRA, 1974, pp. 115-188).

Such locks are simple in design, convenient in manufacturing and installation, and reliable in operation. However, the cells of their mats, even in the absence of black slag, are quickly (within 1.5-2 hours of work) clogged with sediment so densely that finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of heavy minerals freely jump in the pulp current over the resulting "bed" and are carried away into the dump , and the share of the target product in the concentrate is significantly lower than possible.

Therefore, attempts to find means of preventing rapid and excessive compaction of the "bed" in the locks do not stop.

In particular, it was proposed to loosen the "bed" by forced oscillations of stencil grooves (50 831180A1). Unfortunately, in this way, only the upper layer of debris material that settles in the cells of the catching mats can be suspended, while the concentrate that settles below remains practically untouched.

Attempts to suspend the entire mass of the concentrate by connecting the sluices as a whole to the vibrators (see the book by V.N.

Shokhina and A.H. Lopatina, pp. 221 and 228), are energetically disadvantageous and contribute to intensive destruction of body parts. Not only that, the vibrations of the entire sluice do not provide effective loosening of the concentrate, which is deposited in the depth of the cells of the catching mat (especially when the black slag passes along with the gold into the concentrate).

Therefore, purposeful loosening of the concentrate is only one of the means that helps to separate finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of the target product from particles of rocks and/or soils that are removed in the tailings of enrichment, although it has so far occupied a prominent place in the search for more and more perfect designs of sluice gates.

So, purposeful loosening of the concentrate provides a gateway according to VO 2095147С1. It (see Fig. 1 and the corresponding parts of the description of the specified patent) has: (1) a flow chute, in which at least the bottom is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which, in the working position, is inclined to the horizontal and is connected at the upper end to the pulp source, and with the lower end to the means of diverting the enrichment tails to the dump,

(2) cellular trapping mat placed on the bottom of the trough and equipped with inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets at least under some cells, (3) a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of shallow filling, each of which has located above the trapping mat at the same level in at least two longitudinal rows wavy in the plan of the flutes with smoothly connected "half-waves" and connected to at least one drive of reciprocating movement along the sides of the chute and the specified mat, (4) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on an alternating current pulse generator (which the usual industrial electrical network serves) and solenoids, in which the supply windings are connected to the specified generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat equipped with the specified inserts.

Optionally, the known sluice can be equipped with: (5) a set of kinematically linked rigid deep-fill stencils in the form of sets also undulating in the plan of the riffles, located either at the beginning of the sluice above the catch mat or above the corresponding shallow-fill stencils and which are connected to own mechanism of reciprocating longitudinal movement, and/or (6) transverse grooves, which are rigidly fixed in the frames of the stencils and are located in the spaces between the rows of wavy grooves and between the extreme rows of such grooves and the sides of the chute and are practically equal in height to the wavy grooves.

In the described lock, the wavy grooves and transverse grooves of the oscillating stencils and the sides of the cells of the catching mat inhibit the pulp flow and purposefully deform the velocity field of solid particles. At the same time, particles of "light" rocks and/or soils move away from each bulge of the wavy groove that part of the pulp flow bends in any channel, and particles of heavy minerals remain near or approach these bulges. Vertical oscillations of the parts of the mat under the impulse action of the solenoids loosen the concentrate settling in the cells of the mat, which contributes to the multiple redistribution of solid particles in the velocity field and the enrichment of the concentrate with the target product.

But even the described sluice, when working with pulp that contains black sludge, catches it together with heavy minerals. This deteriorates the quality of the concentrate and makes it difficult to process it into the target product. Therefore, the gateway should be equipped with a magnetic separator.

The closest in technical essence to the one proposed below, a typical magnetic separator has at least one (preferably, but not necessarily electric) magnet and at least one means (usually a mechanical drive) for, as a rule, periodically introducing the magnet (or magnets) into interaction with the mixture dispersed materials, in particular with liquid pulp, from which ferromagnetic components must be isolated (see, for example: "Polytechnic Dictionary", -

M: Publishing House "Sovetskaya Zncyclopedia", 1976, p. 446, dictionary article "Separator".

It is clear that the form of execution and the relationship of the specified main parts depend significantly on such conditions of use as the design and features of the operation of those devices, in the composition of which magnetic separators are required.

Therefore, the basis of a useful model is the task, by specifying the shape of magnets and the drive for their periodic introduction into interaction with the liquid pulp, to create such a magnetic separator, which, working as part of the sluice gates for the precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals, would significantly reduce the precipitation of particles of black sludge from the liquid pulp into the concentrate pulp with a corresponding increase in the share of the target product in the concentrate and the efficiency of the development of placer deposits of heavy minerals.

The task is solved by the fact that the magnetic separator of the sluice for the precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp, which has at least one magnet and a mechanical drive, intended for periodic introduction of the magnet into interaction with the liquid pulp, according to the inventive concept, is made in the form of a box made of non-ferromagnetic material and installed in it, on suspensions of a set of flat magnets connected to a mechanical drive of synchronous reciprocating movement relative to the bottom of the box.

Such a magnetic separator is easy to install in the flow chute of such a single-section or at least one section of a multi-section sluice for the precipitation of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp, which is equipped with a catch mat with magnetic inserts under the cells for the accumulation of concentrate and solenoids for periodic shaking of the settled concentrate. During the time when the working planes of the magnets will be oriented in the direction of the bottom of the mentioned insert box, particles of black sludge will be "caught" from the pulp and temporarily "stick" on the outer surface of the mentioned bottom, and the rotation of the magnets will release these particles for wear with the flow of pulp into the dump . It is clear to specialists that the synchronization of the operation of the solenoids and the drive of the reciprocating movement of the magnets relative to the bottom of the box can be achieved using commonly known means.

An additional difference is that the magnetic separator has magnets, which in terms of number and location in the plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic inserts under the cells of the airlock trap mat, and are additionally connected to the reciprocating drive. Such a separator is usually installed above at least one stencil used in the sluice to divide the pulp flow into separate streams and slow them down relative to the catch mat. Synchronization of the reciprocating drives of magnets and stencils strengthens the effect of temporary delay of ferromagnetic particles of black pitch at the moments of local surges of the oscillating pulp and their return to the flow at the moments of local reduction of the pulp level.

Specialists understand that the following examples of the implementation of the inventive concept (especially in terms of the type and number of magnets and the specific design of their drives) in no way limit the scope of rights given by the utility model formula.

Next, the essence of the useful model is explained by a detailed description of the design and operation of the magnetic separator with references to the drawing, which shows the section of the lock equipped with a magnetic separator (side view with the side partially removed).

The basis of the magnetic separator (see drawing) is at least a single-row set of flat magnets 1, which are installed at the same level on hinged suspensions 2 in a pulp-impermeable box З made of non-ferromagnetic material with the possibility of synchronous reciprocating movement relative to the bottom of this box З with the help of a pusher 4 , which is passed through the end sides of the box 3, is kinematically connected to the hinged suspensions 2 and may have a particularly arbitrary suitable drive not shown.

For intended use, the described simplest magnetic separator is installed between the sides and above the (necessarily non-ferromagnetic) bottom of the flow chute of the sluice for the precipitation of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp. At the same time, the bottom part of the box C should be located in such a way that during the operation of the airlock it is washed with pulp. For this, the bottom of the box C must be placed slightly higher: - or the upper (cellular) layer of the two-layer catching mat 7, the lower layer of which (shown separately only for illustration) rests on the bottom b of the flow chute of the airlock and is equipped with magnetic inserts 8 (if the airlock is equipped only with the mentioned mat), - or block 9 of reciprocating stencils, which have not particularly shown longitudinal wavy grooves (in cases of their use for purposeful braking of the pulp flow over the upper layer 7 of the catching mat).

Since the combined use of the catch mat 7 with magnetic inserts 8 in the lower layer and the block 9 of movable stencils in the structure of the airlock is advisable, it is desirable that the number of magnets 1 in the magnetic separator and their location in the plan correspond to the number and location of the magnetic inserts 8 in the catch mat 7 , and box Z was additionally connected to its own reciprocating drive. For a better understanding of the operation of the magnetic separator, it should be borne in mind that under the bottom 6 of the flow chute of the sluice, there is a means of disrupting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow on the basis of a particularly suitable alternating current pulse generator (not shown) and solenoids 10 connected to it, which are located under the magnetic liners 8.

Drives for the reciprocating movement of box C and block 9 of movable stencils) are not shown in particular and are conventionally indicated only by oppositely directed arrows (see the upper and lower pairs of arrows on the drawing, respectively). These drives are usually capable of working in anti-phase mode.

Extraction and exploration of deposits of heavy minerals contaminated with black silt using a useful model is carried out in the following way.

The flow chute of the sluice is set in the working position so that its bottom 6 is at an angle of 6-11" to the horizontal, and the upper end is connected to the source of pulp, and the lower end to the means of removing the enrichment tails in the dump. On the bottom 6, a catching mat 7 is laid so , so that the magnetic inserts 8 in its lower layer are located almost exactly under the corresponding cells of the upper layer and above the solenoids 10.

Then turn on the reciprocating drive of the stencils b and start feeding the pulp.

Solenoids 10 can be connected to the power source with some delay, but usually no later than the appearance of the pulp at the exit from the chute.

The pulp flows either simply over the catching mat 7, or along not particularly shown "channels" formed by means of wavy grooves of the block 9 of reciprocating stencils. In the Earth's gravitational field, particles of heavy minerals and black slag are trapped in the cells of the upper layer of the catching mat 7.

Vertical shocks acting on the upper layer of the catching mat 7 during the oscillations of the magnetic inserts 8 under the action of the solenoids 10 effectively shake almost the entire mass of the concentrate settling in the cells.

This facilitates the floating of "light" particles of rocks and/or soils and their introduction into the dump.

During each shock, the planes of the magnets 1 of the separator are oriented towards the bottom of the non-ferromagnetic box 3. Therefore, at the moments of local bursts of the pulp, the ferromagnetic particles of the black slag temporarily stick to the bottom of the box З and stay on it for approximately the time of re-deposition of heavy mineral particles in the cells of the upper layer of the catching mat 7 When turning the magnets 17 with their ends towards the bottom of the box Z, particles of black sludge are washed away by the flow of pulp into the dump.

After filling the cells of the mat 7 with concentrate, the supply of pulp to the lock is stopped, at least the upper cellular layer of the catching mat 7 is removed from the flow chute, the concentrate is removed from the cells and packed in containers for storage and transportation to the enterprise for extracting the target product.

Then the process is repeated as described above. 1 g 4 4 l

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FA ryastrya ten Sa and OA same ZD and Her and Toni

Claims (2)

1. The magnetic separator of the sluice for the precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp, having at least one magnet and a mechanical drive, designed for periodic introduction of the magnet into interaction with a mixture of dispersed materials, which is distinguished by the fact that it is made in the form of a box made of non-ferromagnetic material and installed in it on suspensions of a set of flat magnets connected to a mechanical drive of synchronous reverse-rotational movement relative to the bottom of the box. 2. The magnetic separator according to claim 1, which differs in that the number of magnets in it and their location in the plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic inserts under the cells of the sluice mat, and these magnets are additionally connected to the reciprocating drive.