UA4710U - sluice for sedimentation of concentrates of heavy minerals from a pulp and catching pad for it - Google Patents

Abstract

The sluice for sedimentation of concentrates of heavy minerals from a pulp has an inclined trench with non-ferromagnetic bottom, catching pad with magnetic bushes under cells, rigid translating patterns of fine filling from wavy in plan view longitudinal and transverse riffles and means for disturbance of vertical fluctuations in the pulp on the basis of the pulse generator of alternating current and solenoids, which are located under magnetic bushes. For catching the thin-layer and/or lamellar parts of heavy metals half-wave parts of wave riffles that alternate in series in the direction of convexity are connected by flat bushes, through which the rods for suspension of rotary plates of transverse riffles pass.

Description

A useful model refers to the design of sluices and catch mats for sedimentation from the pulp of concentrates of such heavy minerals, the initial granulometric composition of which is dominated by finely dispersed or lamellar particles. These sluices and mats are intended for the search and exploration of natural and man-made deposits of valuable heavy minerals and the estimation of the amount of reserves suitable for extraction, and mainly for their extraction from crushed mountain host rocks and/or soils during the development of: natural placers, tailings of processing natural placers less advanced means, crushed waste of some mining and/or metallurgical enterprises and/or ash of thermal power plants operating on solid fuel.

The terms used above, here and below mean: "sluice" - at least a single-section device for the precipitation of heavy mineral concentrates, which is equipped with at least one set of reciprocating stencils in the form of a set of longitudinal wavy riffles and transverse riffles to regulate the speed and direction of the pulp flow; "trapping mat" - such a removable bottom part of each section of the lock, in which a concentrate of heavy minerals accumulates; heavy minerals" - minerals whose density is usually more than twice the density of host rocks and/or soils and which include native metals such as gold, silver, platinum and other metals of the platinum group, and in some cases - lead, arsenic and mercury or their natural compounds; finely dispersed particles of heavy minerals" - such particles of these minerals that have a maximum size in the interval from 0.1 to 0.005 mm; "lamellar particles of heavy minerals" - such particles of these minerals, the thickness of which is significantly less than the length and width; "rock" - such natural minerals as, for example, quartz, or such artificial mineral-like materials as slag, stored in dumps, or sediments, which arose, in particular, during the processing of polymetallic ores and which contain impurities of valuable heavy minerals; "soils" - a primary loose accumulation of mineral particles mainly of the quartz sand type, containing impurities of valuable heavy minerals; "black slag" - dispersed particles of rocks that are close in density to valuable heavy minerals, for example: particles of natural minerals such as magnetite and ilmenite and/or particles of artificial minerals such as the remains of iron and lead shot, molten steel, iron slag and other waste, which are usually widely represented in the dumps of metallurgical plants; "pulp" - an artificially prepared (usually water-based) liquid suspension, the solid phase of which contains a mixture of particles of at least one crushed rock and/or one soil and particles of at least one valuable heavy mineral; "concentrate" - such (usually wet, but not liquid) intermediate product, which is planted from the pulp and significantly enriched with at least one valuable heavy mineral; "target product" - an almost pure valuable heavy mineral isolated from the concentrate; "channel" - at least a partially winding space between two adjacent wavy flutes or between the extreme wavy flutes of the moving stencil and the corresponding sides of the flow chute, which is the main body part of the lock.

It is well known: that the original concentration of valuable heavy minerals in host rocks and soils rarely reaches 1905, and for precious native metals in placers usually does not exceed 0.195 by mass, and that often a significant part of valuable heavy minerals is interspersed in dispersed rocks and/or soils in the form finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles.

Therefore, sluices and catch mats should: ensure the largest possible share of the target product in the concentrate, be simple to manufacture and maintain and easily replaceable, be suitable for both exploration and development of deposits, ensure labor safety, as little as possible pollution of the environment and as much as possible lower specific energy consumption.

These requirements are hardly compatible. Therefore, they could be performed only individually and in some incomplete combinations.

For example, for the extraction of precious metals from rocks and soils since the 19th century (see "Bolshoi zncyclopedicheskii slovar POLITEKHNICHESKY", Moscow: nauchnoe izdatelsto "Bolshaya Rossiyskaya zncyclopedia", 1998, p.25 and p.591) used: amalgamation, i.e. dissolution of metals (mainly gold or platinum) with mercury, separation of amalgam from undissolved residual rock and/or soil by filtration and isolation of the target product from the filtrate by evaporation of mercury, and cyanation, i.e. selective dissolution (mainly gold or silver) in weak aqueous solutions of alkaline cyanides metals and subsequent landing of the target product.

These processes are energetically acceptable and, regardless of the shape and size of the particles, ensure almost complete extraction of precious metals from rocks and/or soils. However, means of protecting personnel and the environment from the effects of such toxic materials as mercury and cyanides are very complex and expensive. In addition, the specified methods and equipment for their implementation are unsuitable for exploration of deposits.

Therefore, nowadays, amalgamation and cyanation are usually used only in factory conditions for extracting precious metals from scrap electronic devices and for processing such concentrates of these metals, which were obtained by precipitation from the pulp directly on the deposits.

Concentrates are usually obtained by using accelerated - in comparison with the rock particles of mMabo pound - precipitation of particles of heavy minerals from the pulp in the gravitational field of the Earth and washing away from the resulting sediments most of the other particles with a stream of water or, sometimes, another liquid (see, for example: Shokhin

V.N., A.H. Lopatin "Gravity Enrichment Methods", Moscow: NEDRA, 1993).

The water-based pulp and the concentrates extracted from it are biologically inert, and the tailings entering the dumps are mechanical mixtures of chemically unchanged particles of rocks and/or soils and unseparated remains of heavy minerals. Therefore, gravity beneficiation processes are practically safe for mine personnel and the natural environment.

However, gravity beneficiation is less effective, the smaller the density difference between the target product and the host rocks and/or soils, and the smaller the size and closer in shape to the plates of the valuable heavy mineral particles. Moreover, even with a significant difference in density, which is characteristic, for example, of gold and quartz sand, the loss of finely dispersed and/or lamellar gold particles in the tailings after processing placers with the use of dredges is very large.

For example, only in the Amur region of the Russian Federation, after extracting approximately 300 tons of gold from placers, more than 109 m3 of tailings were accumulated, which, according to the assessment of the "IR-GIREDMET" institute, contain more than 600 tons of unextracted gold. In other words, a large (in terms of reserves) and practically inaccessible (for conventional means of extraction) man-made deposit was formed at the place of natural placers.

Such losses of gold are due to the fact that ordinary dredges and washing devices have locks of mostly shallow filling with monolithic cellular mats and rigid stationary stencils (see, for example:

Karmazyn V.Y. Processes and machines for beneficiation of useful minerals. -M: NADRA, 1974, p. 115-188).

These locks and catch mats are simple in design, convenient in manufacturing and installation and reliable in operation. However, the cells of the mats are quickly (within 1.5-2 hours of operation) clogged with sediment so densely that even small grains and, even more so, finely dispersed and/or lamellar gold particles in the pulp stream freely jump over the resulting "bed" and are carried away into the dump, and the share of the target product in the concentrate turns out to be significantly lower than possible.

To combat this undesirable effect, many scientists until recently recommended, and prospectors practically used the simplest method: periodically stopping the supply of pulp to the sluice, removing the catch mat and washing the accumulated concentrate from it.

It is natural that the productivity of sluices decreases more noticeably, the more frequent interruptions in work, and that idle equipment often increases the cost of the target product so much that it makes its extraction unprofitable even in those countries whose climate allows year-round exploitation of placers.

Therefore, attempts to find ways and means of preventing rapid and excessive compaction of the "bed" in the locks do not stop.

In particular, it was proposed to loosen the "bed" by forced oscillations of stencil flutes (50 831180 AT).

Unfortunately, in this way, only the upper layer of debris material that settles in the cells of the catching mats can be suspended, while the concentrate that settles below remains practically untouched.

Attempts to suspend the entire mass of the concentrate by connecting the sluices as a whole to the vibrators (see the book by V.N.

Shokhina and A.H. Lopatina, p. 221 and 228), are energetically disadvantageous and contribute to intensive destruction of body parts. Not only that, the vibrations of the entire sluice generally do not provide effective loosening of the concentrate that is deposited in the depth of the cells of the catching mat (especially when black slag passes along with the gold into the concentrate).

Therefore, loosening of the concentrate, which contributes to the separation of finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of the target product from particles of host rocks and/or soils, which are removed in the enrichment tails, should be as targeted as possible.

Such a purposeful loosening of the concentrate is provided by a gateway and a catching mat

You are 2095147 C1, which is closest in design to the lock and mat offered below.

The known sluice (see Fig. 1 and the relevant parts of the description) has: (1) a flow chute, in which at least the bottom is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which, in the working position, is inclined to the horizontal and is connected at the upper end to the pulp source, and at the lower end to the means of diverting the enrichment tailings to the dump, (2) a cellular catching mat placed on the bottom of the chute and equipped with inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets under at least some of the cells, (3) a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of shallow filling, each of which has located above the catching mat at the same level in at least two longitudinal rows wavy in plan with smoothly connected "half-waves" and is connected to at least one drive of reciprocating movement along the sides of the chute and the specified mat, (4) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow on the basis of an alternating current pulse generator (which was served by the usual industrial power grid) and salty devices, in which the power supply windings are connected to the specified generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat equipped with the specified inserts.

Optionally, the known sluice can be equipped with: (5) a set of kinematically linked rigid deep-fill stencils in the form of sets also undulating in the plan of the riffles, located either at the beginning of the sluice above the catch mat, or above the corresponding shallow-fill stencils and which are connected to own mechanism of reciprocating longitudinal movement, and/or (6) transverse grooves, which are rigidly fixed in the frames of the stencils and are located in the spaces between the rows of wavy grooves and between the extreme rows of such grooves and the sides of the chute and are practically equal in height to the wavy grooves.

The well-known catching mat (see Fig. 2 and corresponding parts of the text of the description) has: an upper cellular layer made of elastic material, in which each cell is limited along the perimeter by the sides and the bottom, a lower one (in particular, which rests in the working position on the bottom of the flow chute ) a layer that is also made of an elastic material and, at least in the working position, is connected to the upper layer, and magnetic inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets, which are firmly connected to the lower layer (in particular, pressed into it) and located at least under some cells of the upper layer.

In the described lock, the wavy grooves and transverse grooves of the oscillating stencils and the sides of the cells of the catching mat inhibit the pulp flow and purposefully deform the velocity field of solid particles. At the same time, particles of "light" rocks and/or soils move away from each bulge of the wavy groove that part of the pulp flow bends in any channel, and particles of heavy minerals remain near or approach these bulges. Vertical oscillations of the parts of the mat under the impulse action of the solenoids loosen the concentrate settling in the cells of the mat, which contributes to the multiple redistribution of solid particles in the velocity field and the enrichment of the concentrate with the target product.

Unfortunately, the long-term operation of the known sluice showed that it is effective only under the following conditions, such as: significant similarity of the granulometric composition of the original dispersed mass of rocks and/or pounds and valuable heavy minerals, stability of the T/R ratio (i.e. "solid phase/ liquid") in the pulp in the best interval from 1/10 to 1/7, because the excess of liquid in the pulp contributes to the wearing of the "bed" into the dump and even washing out the sediment from the cells, and the excess of the solid phase makes it difficult to loosen it, and the practical absence of impurities such as "black path".

However, even with such a favorable set of conditions, only the largest finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals pass into the concentrate. This undesirable effect is due to the fact that: smooth connections between half-waves of wavy corrugations do not allow (even with the help of transverse corrugations) to fix for a short time relative to the cells of the catching mat the redistribution of heterogeneous particles in density, which is achieved at each turn of the pulp flow, and with vertical fluctuations of almost the entire masses of sediment finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals are more often captured by the pulp flowing in curvilinear channels and carried into the enrichment tails, the thicker the "bed" becomes on the well-known catching mat, the magnetic liners under which are located relative to the riffles in a random manner.

Accordingly, losses of the target product are reduced only at the initial stage of filling the cells of the catching mat with concentrate.

A brief summary of the essence of a useful model

The useful model is based on the task of changing the shape and mutual location of the means of inhibiting the pulp flow and loosening the sediment with vertical shocks to create such a sluice and catch mat that would significantly reduce the introduction of finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals into the dump and thereby increase the degree of concentration and efficiency of extraction of the target product.

The problem is mainly solved by the fact that in the sluice for the precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp, which has: (1) a flow chute, in which at least the bottom is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which, in the working position, is inclined to the horizontal and connected at the upper end to the source of the pulp, and at the lower end - to the means of diverting the enrichment tails to the dump, (2) a cellular catching mat, which is placed on the bottom of the chute and equipped with magnetic inserts at least under some cells, (3) a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of shallow filling, each of which is connected to at least one reciprocating drive along the sides of the chute and said mat and has: (Za) arranged at the same level above the catching mat in at least two longitudinal rows of undulating in plan grooves and (36) transverse grooves, which located in the spaces between the rows of wavy corrugations and between the extreme rows of such corrugations and the sides of the chute, (4) means of excitation vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on an alternating current pulse generator and solenoids, in which the supply windings are connected to the specified generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat equipped with the mentioned liners, according to the useful model (5) half-wave parts of each wavy flute , which successively alternate along the direction of the convexity, connected by flat inserts, the height of which is practically equal to the height of the half-wave parts, (6) the transverse grooves in each row are made in the form of separate plates installed with the possibility of rotation inside the corresponding channels, (7) through the specified flat inserts at the level of no more than half of their height, rods for hanging the specified plates of transverse grooves and (8) each of the magnetic inserts installed under the cells of the catching mat is placed under the corresponding point of intersection of the geometric axis of one of the specified rods with the plane of symmetry of one of the specified flat inserts.

Such forms and mutual arrangement of wavy and transverse corrugations and plates of permanent magnets under the cells of the trapping mat allow: first, near each flat insert between the "half-waves" of the wavy corrugations: - to briefly interrupt the redistribution of "light" particles of rock and/or soil and particles of heavy minerals in the horizontal field of velocities during the movement of the pulp around each successive half-wave of the wavy flute, - to promote, during such an interruption, the vertical redistribution of the specified particles, i.e., the settling of heavy and "floating" of light particles, and secondly, the vertical oscillations of the sediment and pulp in the emi, which is located above the corresponding magnetic liner, effectively shakes almost the entire mass of the concentrate in the cells, suspending mostly "light" particles of rock and/or soil and throwing a significant part of them through the upper section of the transverse riffles to be carried by the stream into the dump.

The simultaneous flow of these processes over the corresponding cells of the catching mat facilitates the deposition of even the smallest finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of a valuable heavy mineral into the concentrate. Therefore, by the end of each successive cycle of the sluice, the share of the target product in the concentrate and the efficiency of its extraction increase significantly.

These advantages are revealed even with significant differences in the granulometric composition of the original dispersed mass of rocks and/or soils and valuable heavy minerals, against the background of a noticeable admixture of black slag in the solid phase of the original pulp and in a wider than the above-mentioned range of T/R ratios.

The first additional difference is that the said flat inserts of wavy corrugations have in the lower parts notches, and the said plates of transverse corrugations also have in the lower parts at least one-sided side protrusions placed in said recesses of the flat inserts. This makes it possible to limit the turns of the parts of the transverse flutes under the pressure of the pulp flow and the total rate of wear of solid particles into the dump, which is especially important at each subsequent start of the process.

A second additional difference is that the gate is equipped with at least one magnetic separator, in which the number of magnets and their arrangement in the plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic inserts under the cells of the trapping mat and which is mounted above at least one selected stencil and connected to the reciprocating drive relative to this stencil. Such a separator makes it possible to temporarily catch ferromagnetic particles of black pitch during vertical fluctuations of the pulp and, thereby, prevents them from settling together with particles of the target product in the cells of the catching mat.

The third additional difference is that the magnetic separator is made in the form of a box made of non-ferromagnetic material and a set of flat magnets installed in it on suspensions, connected to a drive of synchronous reciprocating motion relative to the bottom of the box. This form of the magnetic separator makes it possible to most effectively temporarily isolate ferromagnetic particles of black pitch at the moments of local bursts of the oscillating pulp and release them into the flow over the transverse grooves of the stencils at the moments of a local decrease in the pulp level.

It is clear to specialists that the following examples of the implementation of the inventive concept (especially in the part of the design of drives, means of synchronizing their operation, the choice of the number of magnetic separators and specific designs of catching mats) in no way limit the scope of the rights given by the formula of the utility model.

The task is also solved by the fact that in the catching mat for the precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp, which has: an upper cellular layer of elastic material, in which each cell is limited along the perimeter by the sides and from below by the bottom, a lower layer of elastic material, which at least in the working position is connected to the upper layer, and the plates, which are made of permanent magnets, are firmly connected to the lower layer and are located under at least some cells of the upper layer, according to a useful model, in each cell of the upper layer above the bottom there is a petal valve, and between pile threads attached to the bottom of the cells are placed by the valve petals and sides.

In the cells of such a catching mat, during each vertical push created by the magnetic liners when the solenoids are activated, the valve petals open and push the sediment upwards, causing microvortices in the liquid medium. At the same time, relatively light particles of rock or soil, which have entered the concentrate, more often slip past the pile threads and are thrown into the pulp flow than finely dispersed and, even more so, lamellar particles of heavy minerals, which are drawn back into the cells due to the bending of the pile threads down during the reverse movement of valve petals. This reduces the wear of heavy mineral particles from the cells to the dump and increases the degree of concentration of the target product and the efficiency of its extraction.

The first additional difference is that the width B of the gap at the base of the petal valve and the width B of the cell are related by the ratio b - (0.2-0.33). 8. This ensures optimal mixing of the concentrate that settles in the cells.

The second additional difference is that the height Пп of the pile threads and the height Н of the sides of the cells are connected by the ratio По - (0.5-2.5)2Н. This contributes to the effective precipitation of lamellar particles of such heavy minerals as gold, platinum and silver, and fine droplets of liquid mercury.

A third additional difference is that the petals of each valve are closed in the initial position. This prevents sediment from penetrating into the subpetal space of the valves, which is especially important in the initial period of concentrate sedimentation.

A fourth additional difference is that the length of Я! and the width B of each cell are related by the ratio G. - (2.5-4.0)-8. This additionally promotes the removal of relatively light particles of rock or soil into the dump and increases the share of the target product in the concentrate.

It is clear that when choosing specific ratios of the specified sizes and forms of execution of petal valves, arbitrary combinations of the specified additional differences with the main inventive idea are possible and that the best examples of its implementation described below in no way limit the scope of a useful model.

Brief description of the drawings

Next, the essence of the useful model is explained by a detailed description of the design and operation of the proposed airlock and trap mat with references to the attached drawings, which are shown in: Fig. 1 - a diagram of the mutual location in the plan of the parts of stencils and magnetic inserts under the cells of the trap mat (with a break on the ends and on the side of one of gutter sides); fig. 2 - diagram of suspension of plates of transverse grooves on rods (axonometric projection); fig. C - a diagram of the arrangement of plates of transverse corrugations in relation to wavy corrugations (side view); fig. 4 - section of the lock, equipped with a magnetic separator (side view with the board conditionally removed); fig. 5 - catching mat (cross section); fig. 6 - the general diagram of the distribution of solid particles of different densities in the velocity field inside the curved part of the channel (axonometric projection); fig. 7 - a diagram of a short-term interruption of the redistribution of solid particles of different densities in the velocity field near flat inserts in wavy flutes and plates of transverse flutes (plan view).

The best embodiments of an inventive idea

The basis of the simplest gateway according to the useful model (see Fig. 1) is a flow chute 1. It has side walls 2 and a bottom 3 made of non-ferromagnetic material.

In the working position, chute 1 is inclined to the horizontal (usually at an angle of 6" to 11") and is connected at the upper end to the source of pulp and at the lower end to the means of diverting the tailings to the dump.

A cellular catching mat 4 is placed at the bottom of Z chute 1 (which in Fig. 1 is conventionally shown only fragmentarily in the form of a grid of intersecting lines). At least under some cells, the mat 4 is equipped with magnetic inserts 5 in the form of plates of permanent magnets (the contours of which are tentatively shown in dashed lines in Fig. 1).

Above the mat 4 is a set of kinematically linked hard stencils 6 of shallow filling (which are collectively indicated by an extended line with an arrow). The stencils 6 are usually made of a non-ferromagnetic material and are connected to at least one (conventionally indicated in Fig. 1 by a pair of oppositely directed arrows) suitable drive for reciprocating movement along the sides 2 of the chute 1 and the mat 4. Each stencil 6 has: first, at least two rows of corrugated in plan, which are located at the same level above the mat 4 along the sides 2 of the gutter 1 and each of which consists of half-wave parts 7 of almost the same height, which alternate successively in the direction of the convexity (and which, for ease of manufacture, usually have the shape of circular half-cylinders) and flat inserts 8 between each adjacent pair of such "half-waves" 7,|, secondly, at least two sets of transverse corrugations 9 in the form of plates, which are individually suspended on rods 10 with the possibility of turning inside the channels between the rows of wavy corrugations 7,8 and between the extreme rows of such riffles 7,8 and sides 2 of gutter 1.

The rods 10 are passed through the flat inserts 8 usually at the level of no more than half their height, and each of the magnetic inserts 5 installed under the cells of the mat 4 is placed under the corresponding point of intersection of the geometric axis of one of the rods 10 with the plane of symmetry of one of the flat inserts 8.

It is desirable that the plates of the transverse corrugations 9 in the lower parts have at least one-sided side protrusions 11 (see Fig. 2), and the flat inserts 8 of the wavy corrugations also in the lower parts have recesses 12 for placing the specified protrusions 11 in them and limiting the rotation of the plates 9 ( see Fig. 3).

Each sluice according to the useful model has a means of disrupting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow on the basis of a not shown particularly suitable pulse generator of alternating current and solenoids 13 (see Fig. 4).

The windings of the solenoids 13 are connected to the mentioned generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat 4, which are equipped with magnetic inserts 5.

It is desirable that the sluice gate is equipped with at least one magnetic separator to capture ferromagnetic particles from the pulp flow and reduce the probability of their extraction into the concentrate. It is expedient that such a separator (see Fig. 4) should have: a pulp-impermeable box 14 made of non-ferromagnetic material, which is installed inside the chute 1 above at least one selected stencil (and preferably above all stencils) 6 of shallow filling, not particularly shown and conventionally indicated only by oppositely directed arrows, the reciprocating drive of this box 14, capable of working, as a rule, in anti-phase mode with the drive of stencils 6, and a set of flat magnets 15, installed inside the box 14 at the same level on hinged suspensions 16 with the possibility synchronous reciprocating movement relative to the bottom of this box 14, for example, from the drive pusher 17.

The number of magnets 15 and their location in the plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic inserts 5 under the cells of the catching mat 4.

The gateway can be used for extraction of valuable heavy minerals and exploration of deposits with a cellular trapping mat 4, the essential features of which are only the above-mentioned magnetic inserts 5, fixed (for example, in a checkerboard or other suitable order) under at least some cells. However, it is desirable to use mat 4 according to a useful model for mining and, especially, for exploration of deposits with high accuracy of estimation of extractable reserves of valuable heavy minerals. Such a mat 4 has (see Fig. 5): a lower (support) layer 18, which is made of an elastic material, an upper cellular layer 19, which is also made of an elastic material and, at least in the working position, is connected to the lower layer 18 and in in which each cell 20 is limited around the perimeter by the sides 21 and below by the bottom 22, the already mentioned magnetic inserts 5, which are made of plates of permanent magnets, are firmly connected to the lower layer 18 and are located at least under some cells 20 of the upper layer 19, petal valves 23, which are located above the bottom 22 of each cell 20, and pile threads 24, which are attached to the bottom 22 of each cell 20 and are placed between the valve petals 23 and the sides 21 of the cells 20.

It is desirable that: the width B of the gap at the base of each petal valve 23 and the width B of the cell 20 were connected by the ratio B - (0.2-0.33) B, the height n of the pile threads 24 and the height H of the sides 21 for all cells 20 were bound by the ratio Пп - (0.5-2.5) N, the petals of each valve 23 in the initial position were closed, the length I and the width B of each cell 20 were bound by the ratio I - (2.5-4, 0) B, and the width of the magnetic inserts 5 was not less than the width 5 of the gap of the petal valve 23, preferably equal to this width 6, but did not exceed the width B of the cell 20.

The specific linear dimensions of the cells 20 and other parts of the catching mat 4 are chosen in a manner known to specialists, taking into account the composition of rocks and/or soils containing heavy minerals and the granulometric composition of the target product. Usually, the size of the cells 20 in the light is from 5 mm to 10 mm in width and from 10 mm to 10 mm in length, the thickness of the bottom 22 can reach 1.5-2.0 mm, and the height of the sides 21 does not exceed 10 mm.

It is clear that these values serve only for orientation and in no way limit the possibility of choosing specific sizes of the parts of the mat 4.

It should be borne in mind that the manufacture of the mat 4 as a complete product is desirable from the point of view of the stability of the location of the magnetic inserts 5 under the slots in the bases of the petal valves 23. However, the lower layer 18 wears out much more slowly than the upper cellular layer 19. Therefore, in practice, it is advisable to manufacture layers 18 and 19 separately.

Extraction and exploration of deposits of heavy minerals with the use of a useful model is carried out in the following way.

The flow chute 1 is installed in the working position at an angle of 6-117 to the horizontal. A catching mat 4 is placed on its bottom 2 so that the magnetic inserts 5 are located almost exactly under the cells 20 (and in the case of using the mat 4 according to the useful model - under the slots in the bases of the petal valves 23 in the cells 20).

Then turn on the reciprocating drive of the stencils 6 and start feeding the pulp.

Solenoids 13 can be connected to a pulsed power source with some delay, but usually no later than the appearance of pulp at the outlet of chute 1.

Flow through the winding channels between the translationally moving wavy grooves 7,8 and between such grooves and the side walls 2 leads to the braking of the pulp and the redistribution of "light" particles of rocks and/or soils and "heavy" particles of the target product in the field of velocities inside the curved sections of the channels.

This is shown in Fig. b, where "heavy" and "light" particles correspond to dark and light circles, and particles of intermediate mass are marked with half-dark circles. In this figure b6, it is clearly visible that "heavy" particles (under the action of the resultant force E as the vector sum of the force of the Earth's gravity and the centripetal force RE") tend to settle near the surface with a minimum radius, and "light" particles are thrown to the surface with a maximum radius

This redistribution of solid particles in the channels is additionally facilitated by the reciprocating movement of the stencils 6.

The essential features of the sluice operation are as follows (see Fig. 7): the redistribution of solid particles in the pulp flow in the channels is briefly interrupted near the side surface of each flat insert 8 between the half-wave parts 7 of each wavy flute, the collision of the pulp flow with the transverse plates suspended on the rods 10 of the grooves 9 contributes to the movement of solid particles into the areas marked in black in Fig. 7, under which the cells 20 of the catching mat 4 and the magnetic inserts 5 are located (these areas are limited by the final parts of the "half-waves" 7 along the flow, approximately half of each flat insert 8 and the corresponding transverse groove 9), vertical shocks acting on the cellular layer 19 of the catching mat 4 during the oscillations of the magnetic inserts 5 under the action of the solenoids 13, effectively shake almost the entire mass of the concentrate settling in the cells 20.

As a result, the floating of "light" particles of rocks and/or soils and their carrying into the dump through the upper section of the transverse grooves 9 and the sliding of "heavy" particles (including even finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of a valuable heavy mineral) along the surface of the transverse grooves 9 into the cells are facilitated 20 catching mat 4 and receiving the concentrate.

Limiting the angle of rotation of the plates of the transverse grooves 9 by the edges of the grooves 12 in the flat inserts 8 of the wavy grooves reduces the probability of "heavy" particles slipping through the gap (see Fig. 4) between the stencils 6 and the sides 21 of the cells 20 of the catching mat 4. This is especially important at each next starting the process.

The most effective capture of finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals with an increase in the proportion of the target product in the concentrate is achieved when using the capture mat 4 with petal valves 23 (see Fig. 5).

Indeed, with each vertical push created by the magnetic inserts 5 when the solenoids 13 are actuated, the flaps of the valves 23 open and push the sediment up, causing microvortices in the liquid medium. These microvortices primarily suspend relatively light particles of rocks and/or soils that managed to get into the concentrate, as a result of which they jump past the pile threads 24 and are thrown into the pulp flow, and finely dispersed and, even more so, lamellar particles of heavy minerals are usually drawn back into the cells 20 due to the bending of pile threads 24 down when closing the valve petals 23.

This positive effect is most clearly manifested during the extraction of gold from man-made placers and during demercurization, since when settling between the sides 21 of the cells 20 and the inclined surfaces of the valve petals 23, gold particles form a dense mass that is pinched in the indicated gap when the petals are opened, and microparticles of liquid mercury merge into large slowly moving drops.

If the pulp contains a significant admixture of black sludge consisting of ferromagnetic particles, the sluice is operated using a magnetic separator, which is installed above the stencils 6 (see Fig. 4).

The reciprocating movement of the box 14 by the pusher 17 (as a rule, antiphase to the same movement of the stencils 6) and the rotation of the flat magnets 15 between the positions "parallel" and "perpendicular" to the bottom of the box 14 ensure: "grabbing" of ferromagnetic particles from the pulp flow in the channels at moments local surges of the pulp when the cells 20 are pushed by the magnetic inserts 5 and the discharge of these particles into the pulp flow at other moments of the sluice operation (usually with removal to the dump over the transverse grooves 9).

After filling the cells 20, the supply of pulp to the lock is stopped, at least the upper cellular layer 19 of the catching mat 4 is removed from the flow chute 1, the concentrate is removed from the cells 20 in a well-known way and packed in a container not shown here for storage and transportation to the enterprise for extracting the target product.

Then the process is repeated as described above.

Industrial suitability

Sluice gates and catch mats according to the useful model are easy to manufacture industrially at existing machine-building factories and factories for the production of rubber engineering products. Next, sluice gates can be mainly used as the last devices in the technological chain: on dredges or other devices for hydraulic processing of both natural and man-made placers of precious metals with the advantage of small granulometric classes (smaller than 0.15 mm), and at the exit of tailings from tailing plants and factories

In addition, locks with catch mats according to the useful model are suitable: for cleaning industrial waste containing finely dispersed particles of mercury, lead, arsenic and other heavy metals, for the selection of non-industrial impurities of gold and platinum during hydraulic mining of loose construction materials such as sand, for the preliminary extraction of precious metals (even with non-industrial content) from bottom sediments during the deepening of river fairways and sea shelves and for geological exploration and scientific research of soils, weathering crusts, processes of hypergenic ore formation and sedimentation in general. with 7 that re is J

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Claims (6)

1. A sluice for the precipitation of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp, having: (1) a flow chute, in which at least the bottom is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which, in the working position, is inclined to the horizontal and is connected at the upper end to the source of pulp, and at the lower end - to a means of diverting tailings to the dump, (2) a cellular catch mat placed on the bottom of the chute and equipped with magnetic inserts under at least some of the cells, (3) a set of kinematically interconnected rigid shallow-fill stencils, each of which is connected to at least one drive of reciprocating movement along the sides of the chute and the specified mat and has: (Za) located at the same level above the catching mat in at least two longitudinal rows of corrugated in the plan of the flutes and (36) transverse flutes located in the spaces between the rows of wavy flutes and between the extreme rows of such flutes and the sides of the chute, (4) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on pulses of an alternating current generator and solenoids, in which the supply windings are connected to said generator and the ends are located under those cells of the trap mat equipped with said liners, characterized in that (5) the half-wave parts of each wavy groove, which alternate in direction bulges connected by flat inserts, the height of which is practically equal to the height of the half-wave parts, (b) the transverse grooves in each row are made in the form of separate plates installed with the possibility of rotation inside the corresponding channels, (7) through the specified flat inserts at a level of no more than half rods are passed through their heights for hanging the specified plates of transverse grooves and (8) each of the magnetic inserts installed under the cells of the catching mat is placed under the corresponding point of intersection of the geometric axis of one of the specified rods with the plane of symmetry of one of the specified flat inserts. 2. The gate according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that said flat inserts of wavy flutes have recesses in their lower parts, and said plates of transverse flutes also have at least one-sided side protrusions in their lower parts, which are located in said recesses of flat inserts. C. Gateway according to claim 1 or according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with at least one magnetic separator, in which the number of magnets and their arrangement in the plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic inserts under the cells of the catching mat and which is installed above at least one selected stencil and connected to a reciprocating drive relative to that stencil. 4. Gateway according to claim 3, which differs in that the magnetic separator is made in the form of a box made of non-ferromagnetic material and a set of flat magnets installed in it on suspensions, connected to a drive of synchronous reciprocating movement relative to the bottom of the box. 5. A gateway according to one of claims 1-4, which is characterized by the fact that the catching mat for the precipitation of heavy mineral concentrates from the pulp has: an upper cellular layer of elastic material, in which each cell is limited along the perimeter by sides and below by a bottom, a lower layer of elastic of material that is at least operationally connected to the upper layer, and plates made of permanent magnets are firmly connected to the lower layer and are located under at least some of the cells of the upper layer, and in each cell of the upper layer above the bottom there is a butterfly valve , and pile threads attached to the bottom of the cells are placed between the valve petals and the sides. 6. The gate according to claim 5, which differs in that the petals of each valve are closed in the initial position, the width B of the gap at the base of the petal valve and the width B of the cell are related by the ratio B - (0.2-0.33) V, height n pile threads and the height H of the sides of the cells are related by the ratio n - (0.5-2.5) H, and the length I and the width B of each cell are related by the ratio I - (2.5-4.0) B.