RU2396126C1 - Sluice for extracting heavy minerals out of pulp - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to design of sluices for extracting fine dispersed minerals of gold, mercury and such like materials by gravitational settling from pulp flow and by additional extraction of ferromagnetic particles of magnetite, ilmenite, iron, cast iron, steel and iron scale as by-products by means of magnetite separators. In particular, such sluices are suitable for development of crumbled wastes of certain mining and metallurgical productions and ashes of heat electric power stations operating on solid fuel. The sluice of extracting heavy minerals from pulp consists of: at least one main running chute out of non-ferromagnetic material inclined to horizontal for flow of pulp containing mixture of particles of heavy minerals and random impurities. In its operating position the chute with its upper end is connected to the a pulp source, while with its lower end it is connected to a device withdrawing rejects to a dump. A cellular mat placed on a bottom of the main running chute catches and accumulates concentrate of heavy mineral in cells. Also the sluice consists of at least one complete set of kinematically tied rigid non-ferromagnetic templates of shallow filling arranged between boards of the main chute above the said mat and connected to at least one drive of reciprocate transportation along the boards of the chute and the mat. Each template of the set has lengthwise and cross riffles. There is at least one additional and also inclined to horizontal non-ferromagnetic chute for dumping and for separate withdrawing ferromagnetic particles extracted from pulp flow in the main chute. In an operating position the additional chute is coupled with a collector of ferromagnetic concentrate. The sluice is equipped with at least one magnetic separator mounted above the chutes. The separator performs step rotation and reciprocate transportation and is designed on base of least two controlled electro-magnets for catching ferromagnetic particles from pulp flow in the main chute and for their transfer and dumping into the additional chute. ^ EFFECT: improved conditions of precious minerals settling, also reduced combined sedimentation of heavy valuable minerals and ferromagnetic materials into concentrate at cleaning dumps of ore-dressing and processing enterprises, ferrous metallurgy plants and coal heating electric power stations. ^ 5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the design of locks for the extraction of finely divided heavy minerals such as gold, mercury, etc., their gravitational precipitation from the pulp stream and additional extraction of magnetite, ilmenite, iron, cast iron, steel and iron oxide as magnetic by-products with magnetic separators products. In particular, such locks are most suitable for the development of crushed dumps of some mining and metallurgical enterprises and the ash of thermal power plants that run on solid fuel.

Prior art

Well-known methods of gravitational sedimentation of particles of heavy minerals with high density from a pulp stream containing such particles of natural or artificial minerals with a significantly lower density that are washed away by the specified stream in tails (Shokhin V.N., Lopatin A.G. “Gravity enrichment methods”, M .: NEDRA, 1993).

However, gravitational enrichment is less effective, the smaller the difference between the density of the target product and the impurities that are present in the pulp, and the greater the concentration of ferromagnetic particles in this pulp.

This disadvantage is especially noticeable when using fine-filling gateways with monolithic cellular trapping mats and rigid stationary stencils (Karmazin V.I. Processes and machines for mineral processing. - M .: NEDRA, 1974, p. 115-188).

For 1.5-2 hours of operation, the rug cells in such locks become clogged with sediment so densely that heavy mineral particles slip in the pulp stream over the “bed” and are carried to the dump with a significant reduction in the share of the target product in the concentrate. If in the pulp there are ferromagnetic or other particles with a relatively high (more than 7.5 g / cm ³ ) density, then they largely settle in the cells of the catching mats along with particles of heavy minerals. This depletes the concentrate and reduces the overall efficiency of the process.

Therefore, attempts to prevent the rapid compaction of the “bed” and the subsidence of particles of minerals with a relatively high density in the trapping rug cells do not stop.

So, targeted local loosening of the concentrate to push particles of relatively high density out of it and slow down the bed compaction provides a lock according to RU 2095147 C1. He (see figure 1 and the corresponding parts of the patent description) has:

(a) a flow trough inclined to the horizontal, at least the bottom of which is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which in the working position is connected with the upper end to the pulp source and the lower end to the means for removing tailings into the dump;

(b) a honeycomb mat placed on the bottom of the gutter, which is equipped with inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets at least under some cells;

(c) a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of small filling, each of which has corrugated undulating planes with smoothly connected “half-waves” and which are sequentially arranged over the catching mat at one level in at least two longitudinal rows and connected to at least one drive reciprocating along the sides of the gutter and the specified rug,

(d) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp stream based on a pulsed alternating current generator and solenoids, in which the windings are powered by this generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat that are equipped with magnetic inserts.

In the described gateway, wavy riffles and transverse riffles of oscillating stencils and edges of the cells of the catching mat slow down the pulp flow and deliberately deform the particle velocity field. At the same time, “light” particles move away from each bulge of that wavy riffle, which bends around part of the pulp stream, and particles of heavy minerals remain close to or approach these bulges. Vertical vibrations of the parts of the mat under the pulsed action of the solenoids loosen the concentrate deposited in the cells of the mat, which contributes to the multiple redistribution of heavy particles in the velocity field and the enrichment of the concentrate with the target product.

However, the described gateway with a cellular mat having magnetic liners, while working with a pulp that contains ferromagnetic particles, captures them together with heavy minerals. This affects the quality of the concentrate and makes it difficult to process it into the target product.

The gateway closest in technical essence to the gateway proposed below is known from the international publication WO 2006/085831 of 08/17/2006 or from RU 2262385, which was issued for the invention "Gateway for the deposition of heavy mineral concentrates from pulp and trap mat for it". A known gateway has:

(a) a flow trough inclined to the horizontal, at least the bottom of which is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which in the working position is connected with the upper end to the pulp source and the lower end to the means for removing tailings into the dump;

(b) a mesh catching mat laid on the bottom of the gutter and at least under some cells equipped with inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets;

(c) a set of kinematically interconnected rigid stencils of small filling, each of which is connected to at least one drive reciprocating along the sides of the trough and the specified rug and has:

located at one level above the catching mat in at least two longitudinal rows are wavy corrugations in plan, the half-wave parts of each of which are successively alternating in the direction of convexity and are connected by flat inserts whose height is almost equal to the height of the half-wave parts, and

transverse riffles, which are located between the rows of corrugated riffles and between the extreme rows of such riffles and the sides of the gutter and in each row are made in the form of separate plates installed with the possibility of rotation inside the corresponding channels between the longitudinal riffles and / or sides of the gutter;

(d) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp stream based on a pulsed alternating current generator and solenoids, in which the windings are powered by this generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat that are equipped with magnetic inserts;

d) at least one magnetic separator, which has:

a non-ferromagnetic box mounted on at least one selected stencil, and connected to a reciprocating drive relative to this stencil, and

a set of flat permanent magnets installed in this box on suspensions, the number and arrangement of which in plan correspond to the number and location of magnetic inserts under the cells of the catching mat and which are connected to a synchronous reciprocating rotational drive relative to the bottom of the box.

The described gateway, in comparison with the previous analogue, makes it possible to isolate even finely dispersed and lamellar particles of heavy minerals from the pulp stream against the background of the clogging of the stream by ferromagnetic particles. Indeed, the well-known magnetic separator temporarily releases ferromagnetic particles during local bursts of oscillating pulp and returns them to the stream above the transverse corrugations of the stencils at the moments of local decrease in the pulp level.

Such a simple transfer of ferromagnetic material to the dump is effective only under conditions if its concentration in the pulp is slightly different from the concentration of the target product and is not of independent economic interest. Such a situation is possible, for example, during the deposition of bulk gold from natural sands with admixtures of ilmenite or magnetite.

However, it is known that in the dumps of many mining and metallurgical enterprises and in the ash of thermal power plants that run on solid fuels, ferromagnetic materials are present in concentrations that far exceed the concentration of gold or other heavy minerals.

Therefore, periodically snatching ferromagnetic particles from the pulp stream and returning them to this stream with the frequency of action of the vertical oscillation excitation tool described above can no longer guarantee reliable sedimentation of valuable heavy mineral particles in the trap mats. Indeed, under the condition of a high concentration of ferromagnetic material in the pulp under the box in which rotary permanent magnets are placed, a “beard” arises from the ferromagnetic particles, and the final magnetization of these particles stabilizes this “beard” in the pulp stream. Next, the magnetized ferromagnetic particles will be firmly fixed in those cells of the catching mat, under which there are liners of permanent magnets. And, finally, dumping ferromagnetic material into the dump is not economically feasible.

Summary of the invention

The basis of the invention is the task, by separating the selection paths of the ferro- and non-ferromagnetic target products isolated from the pulp stream and improving the magnetic separator, to create a gateway that would significantly reduce the risk of co-precipitation of valuable heavy minerals and ferromagnetic materials into the concentrate and, therefore, It would be suitable for cleaning the dumps of iron ore mining and processing plants, ferrous metallurgy enterprises and coal-fired thermal power plants.

The problem is solved in that the gateway for the deposition of heavy minerals from the pulp stream according to the invention has:

(a) at least one main flow trough of non-ferromagnetic material inclined horizontally to pass a pulp stream containing a mixture of particles of heavy minerals and arbitrary impurities, which in the working position is connected with the upper end to the pulp source and the lower end to the enrichment tail removal means dump;

(b) a cellular mat laid on the bottom of the main flow chute to trap and accumulate heavy mineral concentrate in the cells;

(c) at least one set of kinematically coupled rigid, non-ferromagnetic, fine-filled stencils located between the sides of the main groove above the mat and connected to at least one reciprocating drive along the sides of the groove and the mat, in which each stencil has longitudinal and transverse riffles;

(d) at least one additional non-ferromagnetic trough, also inclined to the horizontal, for dropping into it and separately discharging ferromagnetic particles extracted from the pulp stream in the main trough, which in the working position is connected to the ferromagnetic concentrate collector;

(e) at least one magnetic separator mounted above the channels with the possibility of stepwise rotation and vertical reciprocating movement on the basis of at least two controlled electromagnets for capturing ferromagnetic particles from the pulp stream in the main channel and transferring and dumping them into the additional channel.

In such a gateway, the controlled electromagnets are alternately immersed in the pulp stream, which flows in the main channel, ferromagnetic particles are taken from it and transferred to an additional channel for the subsequent formation of the ferromagnetic concentrate. Accordingly, the conditions for the deposition of particles of precious heavy minerals such as gold or environmentally hazardous heavy minerals such as mercury from a pulp-depleted ferromagnetic material are substantially improved. In addition, the included electromagnets when immersed in the pulp stream in the main trough serve as causative agents of its vertical vibrations. These vibrations slow down the compaction of the “bed” in the cells of the rugs and facilitate the return to the pulp of particles of those natural or artificial minerals that are not the target products of gravitational enrichment.

The first additional difference is that the gateway is equipped with at least one additional means of exciting vertical vibrations in the pulp stream above the mat cells. This is advisable if the pulp contains noticeable impurities of non-ferromagnetic particles of lead, copper, tungsten and other metals with a high density of either oxides or carbides of such metals.

The second additional difference is that the gateway contains adjacent along the same width one main and one additional trough, and such a magnetic separator, which has an axis located above the joint area of the sides of these troughs, and a holder of crosswise placed controlled electromagnets mounted on this axis . This is the simplest embodiment of the invention, suitable for the extraction of heavy minerals and ferromagnetic materials from most ground industrial waste.

The third additional difference is that the gateway contains one relatively wide main channel and two relatively narrow additional channels located on the sides of the main channel, and such a magnetic separator that has an axis located above the middle part of the main channel and a holder mounted on this axis crosswise placed controlled electromagnets. This option is desirable if the pulp is saturated with ferromagnetic particles, larger in comparison with particles of the allocated heavy mineral.

The fourth additional difference is that the gateway contains two relatively wide main channels and one relatively narrow additional channel located between them, and the rotary magnetic separator has an axis located above the middle part of the additional channel, and a holder of crosswise placed controlled electromagnets mounted on this axis . This option is desirable if the pulp is saturated with ferromagnetic particles, which are close in size to the particles of the allocated heavy mineral.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples of gateway designs do not in any way limit the scope of rights defined by the claims, and that this design can be supplemented and / or refined using ordinary engineering knowledge (especially regarding the type, number and location of electromagnets, the particular design of drives their holders and automatic control systems for their work).

Brief Description of the Drawings

Further, the invention is illustrated by a detailed description of the design and operation of the proposed gateway with reference to the drawings, which depict on:

figure 1 - the simplest gateway with two gutters for the deposition of heavy minerals from a pulp stream clogged with ferromagnetic particles (plan view);

figure 2 - arrangement of the magnetic separator relative to the grooves of the gateway shown in figure 1;

figure 3 is an example of a gateway with a central main channel and two side additional channels (plan view);

4 is an example of a gateway with two lateral main channels and a central additional channel (plan view).

The best examples of carrying out the invention

In any embodiment of the invention, the proposed gateway has (see FIGS. 1-4):

at least one main flow trough 1 inclined to the horizontal from non-ferromagnetic material, which in the working position is connected with the upper end to the pulp source not shown, and the lower end also to the means of enrichment tailings removal not shown to the dump;

a mesh catch mat 2 laid on the bottom of the main flow chute 1 (shown explicitly in Fig. 2 and conditionally in the “windows” in Figs. 1, 3, and 4) for trapping and accumulating in the cells a concentrate of heavy mineral as the basis of the main target product;

at least one set of kinematically coupled rigid non-ferromagnetic stencils 3 of small filling, located between the sides of the main groove 1 above the mat 2 and connected to at least one suitable reciprocating drive along the sides of the groove 1 and the mat 2, in which each stencil 3 has not specially marked longitudinal (in particular straight or wavy in plan) and transverse (usually straight in plan) flat corrugations;

at least one additional trough 4, usually also inclined to the horizontal, for dropping into it and separately discharging ferromagnetic particles extracted from the pulp stream in the main trough 1, which is mainly made of non-ferromagnetic material and is connected in the working position (for example, using a scraper conveyor) to a collection of ferromagnetic concentrate not shown as a basis for an additional target product;

at least one magnetic separator mounted above the main 1 and additional 4 channels with the possibility of stepwise rotational movement and vertical reciprocating movement based on at least two controlled electromagnets 5 for capturing ferromagnetic particles from the pulp stream in the main channel 1 and transporting and dropping them into the additional gutter 4.

The drive reciprocating movement of the stencils 3 is conventionally shown in pairs of oncoming straight arrows in figures 1, 3 and 4.

As a rule, a magnetic separator (see Figs. 1-4) has an axis 6 and a holder 7 of controlled electromagnets 5 mounted on it, which are arranged in a crosswise plan. The drive stepping rotational movement of the holder 7 is conventionally shown in figure 1, 3 and 4 by arc arrows. The drive of the vertical reciprocating movement of the holder 7 relative to the axis 6 (or together with the axis 6) is conventionally shown in figure 2 by the upper pair of straight oncoming arrows. It is clear that the reasons mentioned must be connected to a gateway automatic control system not particularly shown. This system is needed to turn on electromagnets 5 while they are immersed in the pulp stream in the main channel and transfer ferromagnetic particles between the main 1 and additional 4 channels and turn off these electromagnets 5 while they are above the additional channel 4.

In the simplest embodiment of the invention (Fig. 1), the gateway has one main groove 1 and one additional groove 4 located almost equally wide, and the axis 6 of the magnetic separator is located above the junction zone of the sides of these grooves 1 and 4.

In one of the more complex options, the gateway has one relatively wide main channel 1 and two relatively narrow additional channels 4 located on the sides of the main channel 1, and the axis 6 of the magnetic separator is located above the middle part of the main channel 1.

In the second more complex embodiment, the gateway has two relatively wide main channels 1 and one relatively narrow additional channel 4 located between them, and the axis 6 of the magnetic separator is located above the middle part of the additional channel 4.

The proposed gateway can be equipped with at least one suitable additional means of exciting vertical vibrations in the pulp stream above the cells of the mat 2. This tool is conventionally shown in figure 2 with a lower pair of straight oncoming arrows.

The described gateway works as follows.

Flow channels 1 and 4 are installed in the operating position so that the bottom of any of them is inclined to the horizontal at an angle chosen mainly in the range from 6 ° to 11 °. Next, each main groove 1 is connected with the upper end to the selected pulp source, and the lower end - to the enrichment tail removal means in the dump, the catch mat 2 is laid on the bottom of each main groove 1 and the stencils 3 are installed above it. Next:

bring the magnetic separator to its original position, in which at least one group of controlled electromagnets 5 is lowered almost close to the stencils 3 and is located across (Fig. 1, 2 and 4) or along (Fig. 3) the sides of the main channel (or channels) 1 ,

They include electromagnets 5 and a reciprocating drive of the stencils 3 and start feeding pulp, which contains non-ferromagnetic particles of a leached heavy mineral, non-ferromagnetic particles of impurities and ferromagnetic particles.

After keeping the group of turned on electromagnets 5 in the pulp stream to accumulate a “beard” of ferromagnetic particles, the holder 7 is raised above the level of the sides of the grooves 1 and 4, rotated 90 ° and again lowered until the next group of electromagnets is immersed in the pulp 5. During this lowering, the used electromagnets 5 turn off, and immersed electromagnets 5 turn on. The time interval for which it is necessary to immerse the electromagnets 5 in the pulp is usually determined experimentally during the trial operation of the gateway with a pulp of a certain composition.

The described manipulations with electromagnets 5 lead to the following consequences. Their immersion in the stream and rise from the stream generate vertical fluctuations in the level (that is, bursts) of the pulp, which contribute to the redistribution of particles between the cells of the mat 2 and the flow and slow down the compaction of the "bed". "Beards" of ferromagnetic particles fall from the electromagnets 5 located above the corresponding additional groove 4, immediately after they are turned off.

Then, the process of changing the position of the groups of electromagnets 5 relative to the grooves 1 and 4 is repeated, as described above, until the cells of the mat 2 are filled with the concentrate of the allocated heavy mineral. After that:

the pulp supply to the gateway is stopped,

the catch mat 2 is removed from the main flow chute 1,

the heavy mineral concentrate is removed from the cells of the mat 2 and packaged in containers for storage and transportation to the plant for the extraction of the target product,

on the bottom of the gutter 1 lay a cleaned (or replaceable, or new) mat 2 and

the whole process is repeated as described above.

The sediment of the ferromagnetic particles is washed off or scraped off from the bottom of each additional trough 4 at least periodically.

If an additional means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp stream above the cells of the mat 2 is used as part of the gateway, it is advisable to turn it on while holding the electromagnets 5 in the pulp stream and / or during the turns of the holder 7.

Industrial applicability

The described gateway in any of the options can be easily made from available materials and components at existing engineering plants and is effectively used to clean the dumps of iron ore mining and processing enterprises, ferrous metallurgy enterprises and coal-fired thermal power plants with a significant reduction in the risk of co-precipitation of valuable heavy minerals and ferromagnetic materials.

Claims (6)

1. Gateway for the extraction of heavy minerals from the pulp, having:
(a) at least one main flow chute made of non-ferromagnetic material inclined horizontally to pass a pulp stream containing a mixture of particles of heavy minerals and arbitrary impurities, which in the working position is connected with its upper end to the pulp source and its lower end to the enrichment tail removal means in dump;
(b) a cellular mat laid on the bottom of the main flow chute to trap and accumulate heavy mineral concentrate in the cells;
(c) at least one set of kinematically coupled rigid non-ferromagnetic fine-filled stencils located between the sides of the main groove above the mat and connected to at least one reciprocating drive along the sides of the groove and the mat, in which each stencil has longitudinal and transverse riffles;
(d) at least one additional non-ferromagnetic trough, also inclined to the horizontal, for dropping into it and separately discharging ferromagnetic particles extracted from the pulp stream in the main trough, which in the working position is connected to the ferromagnetic concentrate collector;
(e) at least one magnetic separator mounted above the channels with the possibility of stepwise rotation and vertical reciprocating movement on the basis of at least two controlled electromagnets for capturing ferromagnetic particles from the pulp stream in the main channel and transferring and dumping them into the additional channel. 2. The gateway according to claim 1, which is equipped with at least one additional means of exciting vertical oscillations in the flow of pulp above the cells of the mat. 3. The gateway according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises adjacent to one almost the same width wide main and one additional gutters, and such a magnetic separator, which has an axis located above the joint zone of the sides of these gutters, and a cross-shaped holder mounted on this axis controlled electromagnets. 4. The gateway according to claim 1 or 2, which contains one relatively wide main channel and two relatively narrow additional channels, located on the sides of the main channel, and such a magnetic separator, which has an axis located above the middle part of the main channel, and mounted on this axis holder crosswise placed controlled electromagnets. 5. The gateway according to claim 1 or 2, which contains two relatively wide main channels and one relatively narrow additional channel located between them and such a magnetic separator that has an axis located above the middle part of the additional channel and a cross-shaped holder mounted on this axis controlled electromagnets.
Priority on points: 09.24.2007 - all points of the formula.

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