UA4759U - Catching pad for sluice for precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp - Google Patents

Abstract

The catching pad of sluice for precipitating the concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp has upper cell layer made of elastic material, in which each cell is limited on the perimeter by borders and a bottom from below, lower layer made of elastic material, which, at least, in operating position is connected with the upper layer, and the plates made of permanent magnets, solidly connected with the lower layer and located, at least, under some cells of upper layer. In each cell of the upper layer above the bottom a leaf valve is located, and the napped threads connected to the bottom of cells are located between the leaves of valve and the borders.

Description

A useful model refers to the design of catch mats, which are used in sluice gates for sedimentation from the pulp of concentrates of such heavy minerals, the initial granulometric composition of which is dominated by finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles. These mats are intended for the search and exploration of natural and man-made deposits of valuable heavy minerals and the estimation of the amount of reserves suitable for extraction, and mainly - for their extraction from crushed mountain host rocks and/or soils during the development of natural placers, tailings of processing natural placers by less advanced means, crushed dumps of some mining and/or metallurgical enterprises and/or ash of thermal power plants operating on solid fuel.

The terms used above, here and below mean: "sluice" - at least a single-section device for the precipitation of heavy mineral concentrates, which is equipped with at least one set of reciprocating stencils in the form of a set of longitudinal wavy grooves and transverse grooves to regulate the speed and direction of the pulp flow; "trapping mat" - such a removable bottom part of each section of the lock, in which a concentrate of heavy minerals accumulates; "heavy minerals" - minerals, the density of which is usually more than twice the density of the host rocks and/or soils and which include native metals such as gold, silver, platinum and other metals of the platinum group, and in some cases - lead, arsenic and mercury or their natural compounds; "finely dispersed particles of heavy minerals" - such particles of these minerals that have a maximum size in the interval from 0.1 to 0.005 mm; "lamellar particles of heavy minerals" - such particles of these minerals, the thickness of which is significantly less than the length and width; "rock" - such natural minerals as, for example, quartz, or such artificial mineral-like materials as slag, stored in dumps, or sediments, which arose, in particular, during the processing of polymetallic ores and which contain impurities of valuable heavy minerals; "soils" - a primary loose accumulation of mineral particles mainly of the quartz sand type, containing impurities of valuable heavy minerals; "black slag" - dispersed particles of rocks that are close in density to heavy minerals, for example: particles of natural minerals such as magnetite and ilmenite and/or particles of artificial minerals such as the remains of iron and lead shot, molten steel, iron slag and other waste that usually widely represented in the dumps of metallurgical plants; "pulp" - an artificially prepared (usually water-based) liquid suspension, the solid phase of which contains a mixture of particles of at least one crushed rock and/or one soil and particles of at least one valuable heavy mineral; "concentrate" - such (usually wet, but not liquid) intermediate product, which is planted from the pulp and significantly enriched with at least one valuable heavy mineral; "target product" - an almost pure heavy mineral isolated from the concentrate; "channel" - at least a partially winding space between two adjacent wavy flutes or between the extreme wavy flutes of the moving stencil and the corresponding sides of the flow chute, which is the main body part of the lock.

It is well known that the original concentration of valuable heavy minerals in host rocks and soils rarely reaches 1905, and for precious native metals in placers usually does not exceed 0.195 by mass, and that often a significant part of arbitrary valuable heavy minerals is interspersed in dispersed rocks and/or soils in in the form of finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles. Therefore, the trapping mats should: - provide the largest possible share of the target product in the concentrate, - be quite simple in manufacturing and maintenance and easily replaceable, - be suitable for both exploration and field development.

In order to assess the impact of these requirements on the design of catch mats, it is necessary to consider in general terms the production of concentrates by accelerated - compared to particles of rock and/or soil - precipitation of particles of heavy minerals from the pulp in the Earth's gravitational field and the washing of most of the other particles from the obtained sediments by a stream of water or, sometimes, another liquid (see, for example: Shokhin V.N., Lopatin A.G. "Gravitation method of enrichment", Moscow: NEDRA, 1993).

Such methods are practically safe both for the mine personnel and for the natural environment, since the water-based pulp and the concentrates extracted from it are biologically inert, and the tailings entering the dumps are mechanical mixtures of chemically unchanged rock and/or soil particles and unseparated residues heavy minerals.

However, gravity beneficiation is less effective, the smaller the density difference between the target product and the rocks and/or soils, and the smaller the size and closer in shape to the plates of the heavy mineral particles. Even with a significant difference in density, which is characteristic, for example, of gold and quartz sand, the loss of finely dispersed or lamellar gold particles in the tailings after processing of placers with the use of dredges is very large.

For example, only in the Amur region of the Russian Federation, after the removal of approximately 300 tons of gold from placers, more than a billion cubic meters of tailings were accumulated, which, according to the "IRGYREDMET" institute, contain more than 600 tons of unextracted gold. In other words, a large (in terms of reserves) and practically inaccessible (for conventional means of extraction) man-made deposit was formed at the place of natural placers.

Such losses of gold are due to the fact that ordinary dredges and washing devices have locks of mostly shallow filling with monolithic cellular mats and rigid stationary stencils (see, for example:

Karmazyn V.I. Processions and cars! for the enrichment of useful minerals. - M: NADRA, 1974, pp. 115-188).

These catch mats are simple in design, easy to manufacture and install, and reliable in operation.

However, their cells are quickly (within 1.5-2 hours of work) clogged with sediment so densely that even small grains and, even more so, finely dispersed and/or lamellar gold particles in the pulp stream freely jump over the resulting "bed" and are carried away into the dump, and the share of the target product in the concentrate turns out to be significantly lower than possible.

To combat this undesirable effect, many scientists until recently recommended, and prospectors practically used the simplest method: periodically stopping the supply of pulp to the sluice, removing the catch mat and washing the accumulated concentrate from it.

It is natural that the productivity of sluices decreases more noticeably, the more frequent interruptions in work, and that idle equipment often increases the cost of the target product so much that it makes its extraction unprofitable even in those countries whose climate allows year-round exploitation of placers.

Therefore, attempts to find ways and means of preventing rapid and excessive compaction of the "bed" in the locks do not stop.

In particular, it was proposed to loosen the "bed" by forced oscillations of stencil grooves (50 831180A1).

Unfortunately, in this way, only the upper layer of debris material that settles in the cells of the catching mats can be suspended, while the concentrate that settles below remains practically untouched.

Attempts to suspend the entire mass of the concentrate by connecting the sluices as a whole to the vibrators (see this book

V.N. Shokhina and A.H. Lopatina, p. 221 and 228) are energetically disadvantageous and contribute to the destruction of body parts. Further, the vibrations of the entire sluice usually do not provide effective loosening of the concentrate deposited in the depth of the cells of the trapping mat (especially when the black slag passes along with the gold into the concentrate).

Therefore, loosening of the concentrate, which contributes to the separation of finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of the target product from particles of host rocks and/or soils, which are removed in the enrichment tails, should be as targeted as possible.

A fairly targeted loosening of the concentrate is provided by a gate according to WO 2095147C1, which (see Fig. 1 and corresponding parts of the known description of the invention) has: (1) a flow chute, in which at least the bottom is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which, in the working position, is inclined to the horizontal and connected at the upper end to the source of the pulp, and at the lower end to the means of diverting the enrichment tails to the dump, (2) a cellular catching mat, placed on the bottom of the chute and equipped with inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets at least under some cells, (3) a set of kinematically connected rigid stencils of shallow filling connected to each other, each of which is located above the catching mat at the same level in at least two longitudinal rows wavy in plan with smoothly connected "half-waves" and connected to at least one drive for reciprocating movement along the sides of the chute and the indicated mat , (4) means of excitation of vertical oscillations in the pulp flow on the basis of pulses of an alternating current generator (served by the usual industrial electrical network) and solenoids, in which the supply windings are connected to the specified generator, and the ends are located under those cells of the catching mat equipped with the specified liners.

Optionally, the known sluice can be equipped with: (5) a set of kinematically linked rigid deep-fill stencils in the form of sets also undulating in the plan of the riffles, located either at the beginning of the sluice above the catch mat or above the corresponding shallow-fill stencils and which are connected to own mechanism of reciprocating longitudinal movement, and/or (6) transverse grooves, which are rigidly fixed in the frames of the stencils and are located in the spaces between the rows of wavy grooves and between the extreme rows of such grooves and the sides of the chute and are practically equal in height to the wavy grooves.

The catch mat mentioned above is the closest to the mat offered below. It (see Fig. 2 and the corresponding parts of the text of the description to VI 2095147) has: - an upper cellular layer made of elastic material, in which each cell is limited along the perimeter by the sides and the bottom, - a lower one (in particular, one that rests on the bottom in the working position flow chute) a layer that is also made of an elastic material and, at least in the working position, is connected to the upper layer, and - magnetic inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets, which are firmly connected to the lower layer (in particular, pressed into it) and are located at least under some cells of the upper layer.

In the described lock, the wavy grooves and transverse grooves of the oscillating stencils and the sides of the cells of the catching mat inhibit the pulp flow and purposefully deform the velocity field of solid particles. At the same time, particles of "light" rocks and/or soils move away from each bulge of the wavy groove that part of the pulp flow bends in any channel, and particles of heavy minerals remain near or approach these bulges. Vertical oscillations of the parts of the mat under the impulse action of the solenoids loosen the concentrate settling in the cells of the mat, which contributes to the multiple redistribution of solid particles in the velocity field and the enrichment of the concentrate with the target product.

Unfortunately, the long-term operation of the known trapping mat has shown that it is effective only under a combination of such conditions as: - significant similarity of the granulometric composition of the original dispersed mass of rocks and/or pounds and valuable heavy minerals and - stability of the T/R ratio (i.e. " solid phase/liquid") in the pulp in the best interval from 1/10 to 1/7, because the excess of liquid in the pulp contributes to the wear of the "bed" in the dump and even washing out the sediment from the cells, and the excess of the solid phase makes it difficult to loosen it.

However, even with such a favorable set of conditions, only the largest finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of heavy minerals pass into the concentrate. This undesirable effect is due to the fact that with vertical fluctuations of almost the entire sediment mass, finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of heavy minerals are more often captured by the pulp flowing in curved channels and carried into the enrichment tails, the thicker the "bed" on the catching mat becomes, magnetic the liners under which are located randomly relative to the grooves.

Accordingly, losses of the target product are reduced only at the initial stage of filling the cells of the catching mat with concentrate.

The useful model is based on the task of additionally equipping the cells with means of inhibiting the particles of heavy minerals during loosening of the sediment with vertical shocks to create such a catching mat that would significantly reduce the introduction of finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals into the dump and thereby increase the degree of concentration and extraction efficiency target product.

The task is solved by the fact that in the catch mat of the sluice for the precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp, which has an upper cellular layer of elastic material, in which each cell is limited along the perimeter by the sides and from below by the bottom, the lower layer is made of elastic material, which at least in the working position connected to the upper layer, and the plates, which are made of permanent magnets, are firmly connected to the lower layer and are located under at least some cells of the upper layer, according to the inventive concept, in each cell of the upper layer above the bottom is a petal valve, and between the petals pile threads attached to the bottom of the cells are located on the sides of the valve.

In the cells of such a catching mat, during each vertical push created by the magnetic liners when the solenoids are activated, the valve petals open and push the sediment upwards, causing microvortices in the liquid medium. At the same time, relatively light particles of rock or pound that have entered the concentrate more often slip past the pile threads and are thrown into the pulp flow than finely dispersed and, even more so, lamellar particles of heavy minerals, which are drawn back into the cells due to the bending of the pile threads down during the reverse movement of valve petals. This reduces the wear of heavy mineral particles from the cells to the dump and increases the degree of concentration of the target product and the efficiency of its extraction.

The first additional difference is that the width B of the gap at the base of the petal valve and the width B of the cell are related by the ratio B-(0.2-0.533)8. This ensures optimal mixing of the concentrate that settles in the cells.

The second additional difference is that the height Пп of the pile threads and the height Н of the sides of the cells are connected by the ratio н-(0.5-2.5)Н. This contributes to the effective precipitation of lamellar particles of such heavy minerals as gold, platinum and silver, and fine droplets of liquid mercury.

A third additional difference is that the petals of each valve are closed in the initial position. This prevents sediment from penetrating into the subpetal space of the valves, which is especially important in the initial period of concentrate sedimentation.

A fourth additional difference is that the length of Я! and the width B of each cell are related by the ratio I -(2.5-4.0)Ш. This additionally promotes the removal of relatively light particles of rock or soil into the dump and increases the share of the target product in the concentrate.

It is clear that when choosing specific ratios of the specified sizes and forms of execution of butterfly valves, arbitrary combinations of the specified additional differences with the main inventive idea are possible and that the best examples of its implementation described below in no way limit the scope of rights based on the utility model.

Next, the essence of the useful model is explained by a detailed description of the design and operation of the proposed catching mat with references to drawings showing the catching mat (cross-section).

The catching mat has (see Fig. 1): - the lower (support) layer 1, which is made of an elastic material, - the upper cellular layer 2, which is also made of an elastic material and, at least in the working position, is connected to the lower layer 1 and in which each cell C is bounded around the perimeter by the sides 4 and below by the bottom 5, - magnetic inserts b, which are made of plates of permanent magnets, firmly connected to the bottom layer 1 and fixed (for example, in a checkerboard or other suitable order) at least under some cells C of the upper layer 2, - petal valves 7, which are located above the bottom 5 of each cell 3, and - pile threads 8, which are attached to the bottom 5 of each cell Z and are placed between the petals of the valves 7 and the sides 4 of cells 3.

It is desirable that: - the width B of the gap at the base of each petal valve 7 and the width B of the cell 3 were connected by the ratio 0--(0.2-0.33)В, - the height n of the pile threads 8 and the height H of the sides 4 for of all cells Z were bound by the ratio n--(0.5-2.5)Н, - the petals of each valve 7 in the initial position were closed, - the length I and the width B of each cell Z were bound by the ratio I -( 2.5-4.0385, and - the width of the magnetic inserts b was not less than the width Yur of the gap of the petal valve 7, preferably equal to this width p, but did not exceed the width B of the cell 3.

The specific linear dimensions of cells C and other parts of the catching mat are chosen in a manner known to experts, taking into account the composition of rocks and/or soils and the granulometric composition of the target product. Usually, the size of cells Z in light is from 5 mm to 1 mm in width and from 10 mm to 25 mm in length, the thickness of the bottom 5 can reach 1.5-2.0 mm, and the height of the sides 4 does not exceed 1 mm. It is clear that these values are only for orientation and in no way limit the possibility of choosing specific dimensions of the rug parts.

It should be borne in mind that the manufacture of the mat as a complete product is desirable only from the point of view of the stability of the location of the magnetic inserts b under the slots in the bases of the petal valves 7. However, the lower layer 1 wears out much more slowly than the upper cellular layer 2. Therefore, in practice, it is more expedient to manufacture layers 112 separately

The described trapping mat is used as part of such a sluice, not shown in particular, for the precipitation of heavy minerals from the pulp, which at least has:

- a flow chute with side walls and a non-ferromagnetic bottom, which in the working position is inclined to the horizontal (usually at an angle from 6" to 117) and is connected at the upper end - to the pulp source, and at the lower end - to the means of diverting the enrichment tails to the dump; - a set kinematically linked rigid stencils of shallow filling, which are usually made of non-ferromagnetic material, have wavy grooves and are connected to at least one suitable reciprocating drive along the sides of the chute, and - a means of disrupting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on a suitable alternating current pulse generator and solenoids, the windings of which are connected to the mentioned generator by power supply, and the ends are located under those cells C of the catching mat, which are equipped with magnetic inserts 6.

Before the start of each technological cycle of precipitation of heavy minerals from the pulp for the purpose of their practical extraction or exploration of their deposits and estimation of reserves: - the flow chute of the sluice is set in the working position, - the catching mat is placed on the bottom of the said chute and firmly fixed in such a way that the magnetic liners 6 (and, accordingly, the slits in the bases of the petal valves 7 in the cells 3) were located almost exactly above the mentioned solenoids, - a set of rigid stencils is installed above the mat, - the drive for their reciprocating movement is included.

Next, they begin to feed the pulp into the sluice. The mentioned solenoids can be connected to a pulsed power supply with some delay, but usually no later than the appearance of the pulp at the exit of the chute.

Flow through the winding channels between the reciprocating wavy grooves of the stencils and between such grooves and the side walls of the chute leads to the braking of the pulp and the redistribution of "light" particles of rocks and/or soils and "heavy" particles of the target product in the field of velocities inside the curved sections of the channels.

Vertical shocks acting on the upper cellular layer 2 of the catching mat during oscillations of the magnetic liners 6 under the action of the solenoids effectively shake almost the entire mass of the concentrate settling in the cells.

As a result, the floating of "light" particles of rocks and/or soils and their carrying into the dump and the deposition of "heavy" particles (including even finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of heavy minerals) in cells C of the trapping mat and the production of the concentrate are facilitated.

Indeed, with each vertical push created by the magnetic liners 6 when the solenoids are actuated, the valve petals 7 open and push the sediment up, causing microvortices in the liquid medium. These microvortices primarily suspend relatively light particles of rocks and/or soils that managed to get into the concentrate, as a result of which they jump past the pile threads 8 and are thrown into the pulp flow, and finely dispersed and, even more so, lamellar particles of heavy minerals are usually drawn back into cells C as a result of the bending of pile threads 8 down when closing the valve petals 7.

This positive effect is most clearly manifested during the extraction of gold from man-made placers and during demercurization, since when settling between the sides of 4 cells Z and the inclined surfaces of the valve petals 7, gold particles form a dense mass that is pinched in the specified gap when the petals are opened, and microparticles of liquid mercury merge into large slowly moving drops.

After cells Z are filled, the supply of pulp to the sluice is stopped, at least the upper cellular layer 2 of the catching mat 4 is removed from the flow chute, the concentrate is removed from the cells in a well-known way

With and packed in a container not shown here for storage and transportation to the enterprise for the removal of the target product.

Then the process is repeated as described above.

Catching mats are easy to manufacture industrially at existing rubber engineering factories. Further, the mats can be used as part of the locks, which are equipped at the end of the technological chain with dredges or other devices for hydraulic processing of both natural and man-made placers of precious metals with the advantage of small granulometric classes (smaller than 0.15 mm) and processing of the tailings of tailings beneficiation plants and factories.

The offered catch mats are suitable: - for cleaning industrial waste containing finely dispersed particles of mercury, lead, arsenic and other heavy metals, - for the separation of non-industrial impurities of gold and platinum during hydraulic mining of loose construction materials such as sand, - for preliminary extraction of precious metals (even with non-industrial content) from bottom sediments during the deepening of river fairways and sea shelves and - for geological exploration and scientific research of soils, weathering crusts, processes of hypergenic ore formation and sediment accumulation in general. r. From 5 boards Pe a

B /y She b

Claims (5)

1. Catch mat of the sluice for the precipitation of concentrates of heavy minerals from the pulp, having an upper cellular layer of elastic material, in which each cell is limited along the perimeter by the sides and from below by the bottom, the lower layer of elastic material, which at least in the working position is connected to the upper layer, and the plates made of permanent magnets are firmly connected to the lower layer and are located under at least some cells of the upper layer, which is distinguished by the fact that in each cell of the upper layer above the bottom there is a petal valve, and between the petals of the valve and the sides are placed pile threads attached to the bottom of the cells. 2. Catching mat according to point I, which differs in that the width p of the gap at the base of the petal valve and the width B of the cell are related by the ratio b - (02 - 0.33) V. 3. Catching mat according to claim 1, which differs in that the height n of the pile threads and the height H of the sides of the cells are connected by the ratio n - (0.5 -2.5)Н. 4. Catch mat according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the petals of each valve are closed in the initial position. 5. Catching mat according to item I, which differs in that the length I and width B of each cell are connected by the ratio I - (25 - 450)B.