RU2845154C1 - Feedstuff for heifers and dairy cows with productivity of up to 6000 kg - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used for feeding heifers and dairy cows with productivity up to 6000 kg. Feedstuff contains: wheat, barley, wheat bran, table salt, monocalcium phosphate, premixes, as well as processed food products of animal and vegetable origin: pork ham on bone, squid, Atlantic salmon, pollock, liver sausage, cooked pork sausage, dry defatted milk, beef ribs, meat of broiler chickens of 2 categories, egg shell, egg powder, white cabbages. All the components are used at the specified ratio.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to produce a balanced feed-stuff for livestock during the stall period with a high fodder value of animal and vegetal origin food products with expired shelf life.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in feeding heifers and dairy cows with a productivity of up to 6000 kg.

Known is feed for cows, including oilseeds - rapeseed and other components in the following ratio, wt. %: barley - 26.0-28.0; oats - 8.0; wheat, corn - 22.0-18.0; oilcake, sunflower meal - 8.0; soybean meal - 4.0; molasses - 5.0; monocalcium phosphate - 2.0; table salt - 1.0; premix - 1.0; rapeseed - 13.0-15.0; caraway - 2.0; sawdust, shavings - 8.0 (Patent of the Russian Federation 2462042. Feed for dairy cows A23K 1/16; A23K 1/14; published 09.27.2012. Bulletin No. 27).

The disadvantage of this feed is that rapeseed contains glucosinolates, which cause a bitter taste and a high proportion of husks.

A compound feed for cows is known, containing crushed corn grains - 35%, soybean meal (with a mass fraction of protein of 46% and above) - 40% and dry vegetable fat - 25%. The dry vegetable fat used is "protected" fat in dry form "BergaLac" (Patent of the Russian Federation 2496327. Feed additive for high-yielding cows during milking A23K 1/18; published 27.10.2013. Bulletin No. 30). This compound feed is aimed at increasing the energy supply of cows during the milking period, but its disadvantage is the high cost of the components.

The prototype chosen is a compound feed for dairy cows (RU patent 2621315), including traditional components - barley, wheat, lupine, corn, as well as substandard sunflower seeds, monocalcium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, taken in the following proportions, wt. %: barley - 30.5; wheat - 25.0; corn - 30.0; lupine - 8.0; substandard sunflower seeds - 5.0; monocalcium phosphate - 0.5; monosodium phosphate - 1.0.

The disadvantages of this compound feed include the low content of components with a high level of protein, which are necessary to meet the needs of animals.

The essence of the invention is the composition of compound feed for heifers and dairy cows with a productivity of up to 6000 kg, ensuring its high nutritional value, quality and low cost due to its use for the manufacture of food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result of the invention is the production of balanced compound feed for heifers and dairy cows with a productivity of up to 6000 kg with high nutritional value from food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in addition to wheat, barley, wheat bran, premixes, such processed food products as pork ham on the bone, squid, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, boiled pork sausage, skim milk powder, beef ribs, category 2 broiler chicken meat, eggshells, egg powder, white cabbage are introduced into the compound feed for heifers and dairy cows with a productivity of up to 6000 kg in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Wheat 15.0 Barley 40.0 Wheat bran 9.0 Table salt 1.3 Monocalcium phosphate 2,2 Premix for dairy cows in stall period with milk yield up to 6000 kg 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 1.0 Squid 2.0 Atlantic salmon 1.0 Pollock 1.0 Pork liver sausage 1.0 Boiled pork sausage 1.0 Skimmed milk powder 1.0 Beef ribs 1.0 Meat of broiler chickens 2 category 1.0 Eggshell 0.5 Egg powder 2.0 White cabbage 19.0 Total 100,0

A significant distinguishing feature of compound feed for heifers and dairy cows with productivity up to 6000 kg is the use of expired animal and plant food products as raw materials.

High requirements are imposed on the ingredients included in the compound feed, such as good quality, absence of signs of spoilage and rancidity, digestibility of nutrients. The quality and safety of expired food products met the requirements of regulatory documentation. The quality characteristics and safety indicators of processed expired food products (in natural form) used in granulated compound feed are given in Table 1.

The nutritional value of the declared compound feed is given in Table 2.

Table 2

Name of the indicator Content Metabolic energy, MJ/kg 11.0 Crude protein, % 17.34 Crude fat, % 4.27 Crude fiber, % 6.89 LPU (Starch + sugar) 42.06 Vitamin A, thousand IU/kg 6.00 Vitamin D, thousand IU/kg 1.00 Vitamin E, mg/kg 5.00 Ca, % 0.74 P, % 0.89 NaCl, % 1.33 Cu, mg/kg 5.00 Zn, mg/kg 20,00 Mn, mg/kg 10.00 Co, mg/kg 1.00 I, mg/kg 1.40 Se, mg/kg 0.20

The method of producing compound feed includes several stages: preparation of raw materials, cleaning of raw materials from metal-magnetic and large non-feed impurities, grinding of raw materials, dosing of feed components, mixing of feed components, packaging of finished products (Fig. 1).

Preparation of raw materials. Preparation of raw materials is carried out in the following sequence:

1) fish: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100°C, process duration 15 minutes), vacuum drying in two stages, at the first stage the temperature is 75-80°C, duration 60 minutes and the second stage at a temperature of 85-90°C, duration 50-60 minutes (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm;

2) meat: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100°C, process duration 30 minutes), vacuum drying (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) at a temperature of 90-100°C, duration 80-90 minutes and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm;

3) fruit and vegetable raw materials: sorted with separation of foreign impurities and fruits with signs of rotting and/or mold. The sorted fruits are washed and cut on a cutting machine into bars no more than 5 mm thick. The resulting product is dried to a moisture content of no more than 15%. The dried product is crushed using hammer crushers with installed sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm.

The lines for grain, flour, mineral raw materials, processed food products, pressed large-piece components and dosing-mixing are mandatory for any feed mill. Preparation of raw materials also includes cleaning them from impurities, if necessary - grinding, peeling, drying. Flour types of raw materials are cleaned from metal-magnetic impurities on electromagnetic separators or magnetic columns with static magnets.

The crushed products are sent to the dosing module’s over-dosing bins.

Dosing. The components, separately prepared for introduction into the compound feed, are fed to the over-dosing bins of this line. Then the components are sent to the weigh batchers and periodic mixers. When preparing the components separately, several multi-component weigh batchers of different capacities are most often installed to ensure the required dosing accuracy. Dosing is divided into volumetric and weight, continuous and discrete. To perform volumetric continuous dosing, disc, drum, screw, vibration, belt, and combined types are used.

Mixing. Mixing can be continuous or periodic. For continuous mixing, SM mixers are offered, for periodic mixing - SGK, DSG, BSG. Mixers can be installed in parallel or in series. When installing mixers in series, the mixing time on each of them is usually reduced by 2 times.

Packing. To catch the metal-magnetic impurity, a magnetic column is installed in front of the finished product bin. A belt conveyor is installed under the weigh batcher. and bag sewing machine.Bags with packaged compound feed are placed on a pallet and transported by an electric forklift to the warehouse of finished products in containers. In order to increase the level of industrial safety of the explosive facility, aspiration by local filters is provided in the production shops.

To study the efficiency of using the declared granulated compound feed in the vivarium of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - Moscow Veterinary Academy named after K.I. Skryabin, 2 groups of 3 Holstein cows each were formed. The selection into groups was made on the principle of analogs by breed, age and live weight. The cows of the control and experimental groups were fed a diet consisting of cereal hay, corn silage, feed phosphate, table salt - 1 and premix - 1. As a concentrated feed, the cows of the control group were included in the standard compound feed, and the experimental group - the declared compound feed in the amount of 4.5 kg per head per day. The duration of the experimental period was 30 days. During the experiment, the following indicators were taken into account: the amount of milk during the experimental period in kg per head, the fat content in milk in %, the protein content in milk in %, the average daily milk yield, kg. The research results are presented in Table 3.

Table 3

Zootechnical indicators when using the declared compound feed (n=3)

Indicator Control group Experimental group
(declared
compound feed) Deviation from control, % Average amount of milk during the experimental period, kg 432.0±0.31 454.0±0.23 105.1 Average fat content in milk, % 3.97±0.02 4.05±0.02 102.0 Average protein content in milk, % 3.48±0.05 3.54±0.06 101.7 Average daily milk yield, kg 14.4 15.1 104.9

Over the thirty days of the experiment, the experimental group cows yielded an average of 22 kg more milk than the control cows. The experimental group cows had an average fat content in milk that was 0.08 absolute % higher, and protein content that was 0.06 absolute % higher than the control cows. The average daily milk yield of the experimental group cows was 15.1 kg, while that of the control group cows was 14.4 kg.

The obtained data confirm the quality of the declared compound feed, which contributes to increased productivity and product quality in cows.

Table 1

Name of the indicator Name of food product Pork ham on the bone Squid Atlantic salmon Pollock Pork liver sausage Boiled pork sausage Skimmed milk powder Beef ribs Meat of broiler chickens 2 category White cabbage Physicochemical indicators: Protein, % 16.57 16.4 19.4 15.3 15.1 9.9 33.2 21.29 19.2 1.8 Fat, % 10.61 2.5 7.6 0.8 27.6 26.9 1.0 6.20 14.6 0.2 Moisture, % 67.99 78.2 71.7 82.4 52.6 60.4 4.0 70.28 64.8 90.4 Ash, % 4.83 1.4 1.3 1.5 2.8 2.5 7.93 2.23 1.4 0.7 Carbohydrates, % - 1.5 - - 1.9 0.4 52.6 - - 4.7 Energy value, kcal / kJ 162 / 677 94.1 / 394 146 / 611.3 68.4 / 286.4 316 / 1325 283 / 1186 362 / 1515.6 141 / 589 208 / 872 28 / 117 Microbiological safety indicators: QMAFAnM, CFU/g 5.2 x 10 ⁶ 1.8 x 10 ⁶ 3.2 x 10 ⁵ 2.3 x 10 ⁴ 2.1 x 10 ³ 2.6 x 10 ³ - 4.2 x 10 ⁴ 1.4 x 10 ⁴ - BGKP (coliform bacteria) Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found - Not found Not found - Salmonella bacteria Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found - Not found Not found -

Claims (2)

Compound feed for heifers and dairy cows with a productivity of up to 6,000 kg, characterized by the fact that wheat, barley, wheat bran, table salt, monocalcium phosphate, premix for dairy cows in the stall period with a milk yield of up to 6,000 kg, as well as processed food products in the form of pork ham on the bone, squid, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, boiled pork sausage, dry skim milk, beef ribs, meat of category 2 broiler chickens, eggshells, egg powder, white cabbage are introduced into the compound feed in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Wheat 15.0 Barley 40.0 Wheat bran 9.0 Table salt 1.3 Monocalcium phosphate 2,2 Premix for dairy cows in stall period with milk yield up to 6000 kg 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 1.0 Squid 2.0 Atlantic salmon 1.0 Pollock 1.0 Pork liver sausage 1.0 Boiled pork sausage 1.0 Skimmed milk powder 1.0 Beef ribs 1.0 Meat of broiler chickens 2 category 1.0 Eggshell 0.5 Egg powder 2.0 White cabbage 19.0