RU2842690C1 - Feed-stuff-concentrate for sheep older than 4 months - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used for feeding sheep older than 4 months. Feedstuff-concentrate contains wheat, barley, table salt, monocalcium phosphate, a premix, and also processed food products of an animal and vegetative origin – calamary, Alaska pollock, dry skimmed milk, eggshell, white cabbage, Zvezdny loaf, buckwheat groats, apples. All the components are used at the specified ratio.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to produce a balanced feed-concentrate for sheep (over 4 months old) with a high fodder value of animal and vegetal origin food products with expired shelf life.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for feeding sheep over 4 months old.

It is known to use the GVP preparation in combination with granulated sulfur for animal husbandry according to TU 2112-061-10514645-02 as a combined feed additive for young sheep. The feed additive was used to grow rams for meat from 2 to 6 months of age, which reached a live weight of 32.65-34.31 kg (Likhacheva E.I. Productivity and quality indicators of meat of rams of the Stavropol breed using new biologically active and feed additives // Abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of biological sciences. - Volgograd, 2006. - 17 p.).

The disadvantages of the known feed additive, which prevent the achievement of the stated technical result, are: the absence of other nutrients, including minerals, such as selenium, necessary for the complete nutrition of young sheep, and this does not allow them to achieve high live weight indicators; fattening of rams was carried out only up to 6 months of age, which also did not allow them to achieve high live weight; at the same time, feeding young sheep only one compound feed does not ensure the biological completeness of the diet and does not allow them to achieve high productivity indicators.

The prototype chosen is a feed additive for young sheep, including a mineral substance, namely, the organoselenium preparation DAFS-25 in the amount of 3.75 mg of pure selenium per 1 kg of feed and pumpkin-milk thistle cake in the amount of 150-200 g per day per 1 ram depending on age, while the rams are fattened from 4 to 12 months of age with an average daily live weight gain of 134.29 g (Saitov R.F. Efficiency of using the organoselenium preparation DAFS-25 in combination with "Benut" and pumpkin-milk thistle cake in the diets of rams raised for meat // Abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of agricultural sciences. - Volgograd, 2005. - 22 p.).

The disadvantages of the known feed additive, which prevent the achievement of the stated technical result, is feeding the ration with pumpkin-milk thistle cake, which does not allow to significantly increase the growth rate of young sheep and reduce the duration of their rearing for meat. In addition, the rams were raised up to 12 months of age with a high consumption of pumpkin-milk thistle cake - 150-200 g per 1 ram and the DAFS-25 preparation - 3.75 mg of selenium per 1 kg of feed, which leads to additional costs for fattening young sheep.

The essence of the invention is the composition of a compound feed concentrate for sheep over 4 months old, ensuring its high nutritional value, quality and low cost due to its use for the manufacture of food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result of the invention is the production of a balanced compound feed concentrate for sheep over 4 months of age with high nutritional value from food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in addition to wheat, barley, and premix, the following processed food products are introduced into the compound feed concentrate for sheep over 4 months of age: squid, pollock, skimmed milk powder, eggshells, white cabbage, Zvezdny loaf, buckwheat groats, apples in the following ratio of components, mass%:

Wheat 15.0 Barley 25.0 Table salt 0.6 Monocalcium phosphate 2.0 P80-1 Ewes, young animals over 4 months 1.0 Squid 2.0 Pollock 8.0 Skimmed milk powder 6.0 Eggshell 3.4 White cabbage 10.0 Star Loaf 10.0 Buckwheat groats 12.0 Apples
Total 5.0
100,0

A significant distinguishing feature of the compound feed concentrate for sheep over 4 months old is the use of expired animal and plant food products as raw materials.

The ingredients included in the compound feed concentrate are subject to high requirements, such as good quality, absence of signs of spoilage and rancidity, digestibility of nutrients. The quality and safety of expired food products complied with the requirements of regulatory documentation. The quality characteristics and safety indicators of processed expired food products (in natural form) used in granulated compound feed are given in Table 1 (see at the end of the description).

The nutritional value of the declared compound feed concentrate is given in Table 2.

Table 2

Name of the indicator Content Metabolic energy, MJ/kg 12:00 Crude protein, % 18.56 Crude fat, % 2.49 Crude fiber, % 5.78 Vitamin A, thousand IU/kg 2.00 Vitamin D, thousand IU/kg 0.20 Ca, % 1.74 P, % 0.75 Na, % 0.35 Cu, mg/kg 2.00 Zn, mg/kg 20,00 Mn, mg/kg 20,00 Co, mg/kg 1.00 I, mg/kg 1.00 Se, mg/kg 0.15

The method for producing concentrated feed includes several stages: preparation of raw materials, cleaning of raw materials from metal-magnetic and large non-feed impurities, grinding of raw materials, dosing of feed components, mixing of feed components, packaging of finished products (Fig. 1).

Preparation of raw materials. Preparation of raw materials is carried out in the following sequence:

1) fish: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100 °C, process duration 15 minutes), vacuum drying in two stages, at the first stage the temperature is 75-80 °C, duration 60 minutes and the second stage at a temperature of 85-90 °C, duration 50-60 minutes (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm;

2) eggshells: washing, drying (temperature 180-200 oC, 15 min), grinding (particle size up to 3 mm), sifting, grinding (particle size 20 µm);

3) fruit and vegetable raw materials: sorted with separation of foreign impurities and fruits with signs of rotting and/or mold. The sorted fruits are washed and cut on a cutting machine into bars no more than 5 mm thick. The resulting product is dried to a moisture content of no more than 15%. The dried product is crushed using hammer crushers with installed sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm;

4) Bakery products are sorted with separation of products with signs of mold. Bakery products are cut by cutting machines into cubes of 10x10 mm (deviation no more than 2 mm) and dried to a moisture content of 10-12%. The dried product is crushed by hammer mills, installing sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm.

The lines for grain, flour, mineral raw materials, processed food products, pressed large-piece components and dosing-mixing are mandatory for any feed mill. Preparation of raw materials also includes cleaning them from impurities, if necessary – grinding, peeling, drying. Flour types of raw materials are cleaned from metal-magnetic impurities on electromagnetic separators or magnetic columns with static magnets.

The crushed products are sent to the dosing module’s over-dosing bins.

Dosing. The components, separately prepared for introduction into the compound feed, are fed to the over-dosing bins of this line. Then the components are sent to the weigh batchers and periodic mixers. When preparing the components separately, several multi-component weigh batchers of different capacities are most often installed to ensure the required dosing accuracy. Dosing is divided into volumetric and weight, continuous and discrete. To perform volumetric continuous dosing, disc, drum, screw, vibration, belt, and combined types are used.

Mixing. Mixing can be continuous or periodic. For continuous mixing, SM mixers are offered, for periodic mixing - SGK, DSG, BSG. Mixers can be installed in parallel or in series. When installing mixers in series, the mixing time on each of them is usually reduced by 2 times.

Packing. To catch the metal-magnetic impurity, a magnetic column is installed in front of the finished product bin. A belt conveyor is installed under the weigh batcher. and bag sewing machine.Bags with packaged compound feed are placed on a pallet and transported by an electric forklift to the warehouse of finished products in containers. In order to increase the level of industrial safety of the explosive facility, aspiration by local filters is provided in the production shops.

To study the efficiency of using the declared granulated feed concentrate in the vivarium of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – Moscow Veterinary Academy named after K.I. Skryabin, 2 groups of rams were formed according to the principle of pairs-analogues with 5 heads in each group. The duration of the experiment was 120 days.

To determine the dynamics of live weight gain in the experimental herd, monthly individual weighing was performed. The data obtained show a positive effect of an increased level of protein nutrition in the form of using compound feed concentrate in the experimental group.

The survival rate of young animals in the experimental group was 100.0%. The dynamics of live weight gain of rams at 8 months is shown in Table 3.

Table 3 - Dynamics of live weight gain of rams at 8 months

Indicator Group I-control IΙ-experienced Average live weight, kg when setting up 31.5±0.39 32.3±0.30 at the end of the experiment 48.30±0.43 50.70±0.30 Growth absolute, kg 16.80±0.18 18.40±0.05 average daily, g 140.0±3.00 153.3±2.56 In % of control 100,0 109.5 Preservation, % 100,0 100,0 Feed costs per 1 kg of gain, feed units. 10.15 9.44 Digestible protein consumption per 1 feed unit, g 96.2 101.4

At the end of the experiment, the difference between the live weight of animals in the IΙ experimental group compared to the control group was higher, statistically proven, and amounted to 2.4 kg (4.9%) at P<0.01.

The highest absolute and average daily gains in live weight were also in experimental animals by 1.6 kg (9.5%) at P<0.001 and by 13.3 g (9.5%) at P<0.01.

The lowest feed costs per 1 kg of weight gain were observed in animals of experimental group II and amounted to 9.44 feed units.

As a result, the conducted analysis of the obtained data on live weight shows and confirms the highest growth intensity in the rams of the II experimental group, which were given concentrated feed as part of the diet during growing and fattening up to 8 months, respectively.

Table 1.

Name of the indicator Name of food product Squid Pollock Skimmed milk powder White cabbage Star Loaf Buckwheat groats Apples Physicochemical indicators: Protein, % 16.4 15.3 33.2 1.8 7.6 14.2 0.4 Fat, % 2.5 0.8 1.0 0.2 2.9 2.7 0.4 Moisture, % 78.2 82.4 4.0 90.4 27.4 14.0 87.0 Ash, % 1.4 1.5 7.93 0.7 1,1 0.9 0.18 Carbohydrates, % 1.5 - 52.6 4.7 61.0 68.2 9.8 Energy value, kcal / kJ 94.1 / 394 68.4 / 286.4 362 / 1515.6 28 / 117 300 / 1258 353 / 1481 44 / 185 Microbiological safety indicators: QMAFAnM, CFU/g 1.8 x 10 ⁶ 2.3×10 ⁴ - - - - - BGKP (coliform bacteria) Not found Not found - - - - - Salmonella bacteria Not found Not found - - - - -

Claims (2)

Compound feed concentrate for sheep over 4 months old, characterized by the fact that wheat, barley, table salt, monocalcium phosphate, premix P80-1 for ewes over 4 months old, as well as processed food products such as: squid, pollock, skim milk powder, eggshells, white cabbage, Zvezdny loaf, buckwheat, apples are added to the compound feed concentrate, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Wheat 15.0 Barley 25.0 Table salt 0.6 Monocalcium phosphate 2.0 Premix P80-1 for ewes over 4 months old 1.0 Squid 2.0 Pollock 8.0 Skimmed milk powder 6.0 Eggshell 3.4 White cabbage 10.0 Star Loaf 10.0 Buckwheat groats 12.0 Apples 5.0