RU2842717C1 - Feedstuff-concentrate for cattle 12-18 months of fattening - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used for feeding cattle 12-18 months of fattening Concentrate feedstuff contains wheat, barley, table salt, monocalcium phosphate, premix, as well as processed food products of animal and vegetable origin: pork ham on bone, Atlantic salmon, Alaska pollock, pork liver sausage, cooked pork sausage, dry defatted milk, beef ribs, meat of broiler chickens of 2 categories, beetroots, Darnitsky bread, buckwheat groats. All the components are used at the specified ratio.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to produce a balanced feedstuff concentrate for 12-18 months old cattle with a high fodder value of animal and vegetal origin food products with expired shelf life.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in feeding cattle aged 12-18 months.

A compound feed for young cattle is known, which includes grass meal, sunflower meal, feed yeast, molasses and grain mixtures based on wheat (RU Patent No. 2148938, A23K 1/00). The disadvantages of such compound feed include the use of expensive grass meal, which is not produced in all regions of the Russian Federation.

A compound feed for calves is known, consisting of barley, wheat, wheat bran, feed phosphates (RU patent No. 2259781, A23K 1/100). This compound feed for calves is poorly balanced in protein composition.

Also known is a complete granulated compound feed based on a crushed and granulated mixture of grass meal, oats, barley, wheat bran, sunflower meal, molasses, table salt, feed chalk, premix for herbivorous animals P-90-1 and a mineral additive with binding capacity - bentonite, with an additional content (up to 5%) of sawdust of deciduous trees. The method for obtaining this compound feed consists in successive crushing, mixing and granulating the feed mixture with the addition of molasses and a mineral additive at a pressure of 0.28-0.33 MPa and a temperature of 140-150 ° C (Patent No. 2379943, IPC A23K 1/00).

The disadvantage of the invention is the high cost of the resulting product due to the high content of grain components (more than 40%) and grass meal (up to 20%).

The prototype selected was a compound feed for growing and fattening young cattle (bulls) aged 12-18 months (VIZH), wt. %: barley - 27, wheat - 20, wheat bran - 27, sunflower meal - 8, molasses - 3, feed phosphate - 2, table salt and premix (VIZH) P63-2 - 1 each. (Feeding standards and rations for farm animals / A.P. Kalashnikov, V.I. Fisinin, V.V. Shcheglov [et al.]. - 3rd edition, revised and supplemented. - Moscow: Izdatelstvo "Znanie", 2003. - 456 p.)

The disadvantage of this compound feed is the low energy level and low content of crude protein at a relatively high cost price. In 1 kg of this compound feed, instead of the required 11-13 MJ, the concentration of exchange energy does not exceed 9.4-9.7 MJ, and crude protein 121-162 g.

The essence of the invention is the composition of a compound feed concentrate for cattle 12-18 months of fattening, ensuring its high nutritional value, quality and low cost due to its use for the manufacture of food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result of the invention is the production of a balanced compound feed concentrate for cattle of 12-18 months of fattening with high nutritional value from food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in addition to wheat, barley, and premix, the following processed food products are introduced into the feed concentrate for cattle of 12-18 months of fattening: pork ham on the bone, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, boiled pork sausage, skim milk powder, beef ribs, category 2 broiler chicken meat, bulk beets, Darnitsky bread, buckwheat groats with the following ratio of components, mass%:

Wheat 26.0 Barley 30.0 Table salt 1,1 Monocalcium phosphate 2.9 P 63-1 young animals from 6-18 months and fattening in the stall period 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 3.0 Atlantic salmon 3.0 Pollock 3.0 Pork liver sausage 5.0 Boiled pork sausage 3.0 Skimmed milk powder 1.0 Beef ribs 3.0 Meat of broiler chickens 2 category 3.0 Beetroot by weight 5.0 Darnitsky bread 5.0 Buckwheat groats 5.0 Total 100,0

A significant distinguishing feature of the feed concentrate for cattle aged 12-18 months is the use of expired animal and plant food products as raw materials.

The ingredients included in the compound feed concentrate are subject to high requirements, such as good quality, absence of signs of spoilage and rancidity, digestibility of nutrients. The quality and safety of expired food products complied with the requirements of regulatory documentation. The quality characteristics and safety indicators of processed expired food products (in natural form) used in granulated compound feed are given in Table 1.

Table 1

Name of the indicator Name of food product Pork ham on the bone Atlantic salmon Pollock Pork liver sausage Boiled pork sausage Skimmed milk powder Beef ribs Meat of broiler chickens 2 category Beetroot by weight Darnitsky bread Buckwheat groats Physicochemical indicators: Protein, % 16.57 19.4 15.3 15.1 9.9 33.2 21.29 19.2 1.5 6.5 14.2 Fat, % 10.61 7.6 0.8 27.6 26.9 1.0 6.20 14.6 0,1 1.3 2.7 Moisture, % 67.99 71.7 82.4 52.6 60.4 4.0 70.28 64.8 86.0 49.4 14.0 Ash, % 4.83 1.3 1.5 2.8 2.5 7.93 2.23 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 Carbohydrates, % - - - 1.9 0.4 52.6 - - 8.8 42.0 68.2 Energy value, kcal / kJ 162 / 677 146 / 611.3 68.4 / 286.4 316 / 1325 283 / 1186 362 / 1515.6 141 / 589 208 / 872 42 / 175.8 205 / 861 353 / 1481 Microbiological safety indicators: QMAFAnM, CFU/g 5.2 x 10 ⁶ 3.2×10 ⁵ 2.3×10 ⁴ 2.1 x 10 ³ 2.6 x 10 ³ - 4.2x10 ⁴ 1.4 x 10 ⁴ - - - BGKP (coliform bacteria) Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found - Not found Not found - - - Salmonella bacteria Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found - Not found Not found - - -

The nutritional value of the declared compound feed concentrate is given in Table 2.

Table 2

Name of the indicator Content Metabolic energy, MJ/kg 13.00 Crude protein, % 22,23 Crude fat, % 6.28 Crude fiber, % 3.74 LPU (Starch + sugar) 39.98 Vitamin A, thousand IU/kg 8.00 Vitamin D, thousand IU/kg 2.00 Vitamin E, mg/kg 1.00 Ca, % 0.61 P, % 0.99 NaCl, % 1,12 Cu, mg/kg 5.00 Zn, mg/kg 8.00 Mn, mg/kg 4.00 Co, mg/kg 1.50 I, mg/kg 1.50 Se, mg/kg 0.10

The method for producing concentrated feed includes several stages: preparation of raw materials, cleaning of raw materials from metal-magnetic and large non-feed impurities, grinding of raw materials, dosing of feed components, mixing of feed components, packaging of finished products (Fig. 1).

Preparation of raw materials. Preparation of raw materials is carried out in the following sequence:

1) fish: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100 °C, process duration 15 minutes), vacuum drying in two stages, at the first stage the temperature is 75-80 °C, duration 60 minutes and the second stage at a temperature of 85-90 °C, duration 50-60 minutes (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm;

2) meat: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100 °C, process duration 30 minutes), vacuum drying (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) at a temperature of 90-100 °C, duration 80-90 minutes and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm;

3) fruit and vegetable raw materials: sorted with separation of foreign impurities and fruits with signs of rotting and/or mold. The sorted fruits are washed and cut on a cutting machine into bars no more than 5 mm thick. The resulting product is dried to a moisture content of no more than 15%. The dried product is crushed using hammer crushers with installed sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm;

4) Bakery products are sorted with separation of products with signs of mold. Bakery products are cut by cutting machines into cubes of 10x10 mm (deviation no more than 2 mm) and dried to a moisture content of 10-12%. The dried product is crushed by hammer mills, installing sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm.

The lines for grain, flour, mineral raw materials, processed food products, pressed large-piece components and dosing-mixing are mandatory for any feed mill. Preparation of raw materials also includes cleaning them from impurities, if necessary – grinding, peeling, drying. Flour types of raw materials are cleaned from metal-magnetic impurities on electromagnetic separators or magnetic columns with static magnets.

The crushed products are sent to the dosing module’s over-dosing bins.

Dosing. The components, separately prepared for introduction into the compound feed, are fed to the over-dosing bins of this line. Then the components are sent to the weigh batchers and periodic mixers. When preparing the components separately, several multi-component weigh batchers of different capacities are most often installed to ensure the required dosing accuracy. Dosing is divided into volumetric and weight, continuous and discrete. To perform volumetric continuous dosing, disc, drum, screw, vibration, belt, and combined types are used.

Mixing. Mixing can be continuous or periodic. For continuous mixing, SM mixers are offered, for periodic mixing - SGK, DSG, BSG. Mixers can be installed in parallel or in series. When installing mixers in series, the mixing time on each of them is usually reduced by 2 times.

Packing. To catch the metal-magnetic impurity, a magnetic column is installed in front of the finished product bin. A belt conveyor is installed under the weigh batcher. and bag sewing machine.Bags with packaged compound feed are placed on a pallet and transported by an electric forklift to the warehouse of finished products in containers. In order to increase the level of industrial safety of the explosive facility, aspiration by local filters is provided in the production shops.

To study the efficiency of using the declared granulated compound feed in the vivarium of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – Moscow Veterinary Academy named after K.I. Skryabin, 2 groups of 4 young cattle of the Holstein breed were formed in each group at the age of 15 months for fattening. The selection into groups was carried out on the principle of analogs by breed, age and live weight . The bulls of the control and experimental groups were fed a diet consisting of cereal hay, corn silage, feed phosphate, table salt, premix P 63-1 for young animals from 6-18 months and fattening during the stall period. As a concentrated feed, the bulls of the control group were included in the standard compound feed, and the experimental ones – the declared compound feed in the amount of 3 kg per head per day. The duration of growing is 90 days. During the experiment, the following indicators were taken into account: changes in live weight of cows, average daily gains. The results of the studies are presented in Table 3.

Table 3

Zootechnical indicators when using the declared compound feed (n=3)

Indicator Control group Experimental group
(declared
compound feed) Deviation from control, % Average live weight at the beginning of the experiment 1 head, kg. 396.6±1.5 394.4±1.3 99.45 Average live weight at the end of the experiment, 1 head, kg. 483.3±1.7 486.6±1.4 100.68 Live weight gain during the experimental period, 1 head, k g 86.7 92.2 106.3 Average daily gain of 1 head, g. 964 1025 106.3

When weighing and forming groups for the experiment, the average live weight of the control bulls was 2.2 kg higher than that of the experimental ones. At the end of the experiment, the average live weight of the experimental bulls was 486.6 kg, while that of the control bulls was 3.3 kg lower. That is, the bulls in the experimental group grew faster than the control. The average daily gain of the bulls over 90 days of the experiment was 964 g in the control group and 1025 g in the experimental group.

The obtained data confirm the quality of the declared compound feed, which helps to obtain fattening bulls with high productivity.

Claims (2)

Concentrate for cattle 12-18 months of fattening, characterized by the fact that wheat, barley, table salt, monocalcium phosphate, premix P63-1 for fattening cattle aged 12-18 months in the stall period, as well as processed food products such as pork ham on the bone, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, boiled pork sausage, skim milk powder, beef ribs, category 2 broiler chicken meat, weight beets, Darnitsky bread, buckwheat are introduced into the compound feed concentrate, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Wheat 26.0 Barley 30.0 Table salt 1,1 Monocalcium phosphate 2.9 Premix P63-1 for fattening cattle aged 12-18 months in the stall period 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 3.0 Atlantic salmon 3.0 Pollock 3.0 Pork liver sausage 5.0 Boiled pork sausage 3.0 Skimmed milk powder 1.0 Beef ribs 3.0 Meat of broiler chickens category 2 3.0 Beetroot by weight 5.0 Darnitsky bread 5.0 Buckwheat groats 5.0