RU2842082C1 - Granulated feed-stuff for broilers 1-4 weeks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used for feeding 1-4 week old broilers. Granulated feed-stuff contains: wheat, barley, corn, lysine sulphate, DL-methionine, monocalcium phosphate, premix, as well as processed food products of animal and vegetable origin: pork ham on bone, pork ribs, Atlantic salmon, Alaska pollock, pork liver sausage, dry curd, beef ribs, egg shell, egg powder, carrots, as well as Darnitsky bread, Zvezdny loaf, buckwheat groats, apples. All the components are used at the specified ratio.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to produce a balanced granulated feed-stuff for broilers 1-4 weeks old with a high fodder value of animal and vegetal origin food products with expired storage life.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in feeding broilers (1-4 weeks).

A compound feed for broiler chickens is known, consisting of: fodder wheat, peas, soybean meal, fish meal, bone meal, sunflower oil, shell, limestone, table salt, premix, and additionally including bee husk, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: fodder wheat - 54.0-70.0; peas - 4.0-16.0; soybean meal - 14.0-20.0; fish meal - 5.0-7.0; bone meal - 0.5-1.0; sunflower oil - 1.0-3.5; shell - 0.7-0.8; limestone - 0.5-0.7; table salt - 0.3-0.5; premix - 0.2-0.3; bee pollen - 1.5-2.0 (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2169489, published on 27.06.2001).

The disadvantage of the declared compound feed is the wheat content in the amount of 54.0-70.0%. It is known that in terms of wheat grain consumption, poultry is a competitor to humans, so it is necessary to search for other alternative feed sources. Bee pollen is a hard-to-reach raw material, which will determine the costs of transportation for the transportation of this feed to regions where beekeeping is not developed.

A compound feed for starter feeding of broiler chickens is known, including corn (42.5-45.5%), sunflower meal (16.5-17.5%), feed yeast (4.5-5.5%), fish meal (6.5-7.5), grass meal (2.5-3.5%), chalk (0.4-0.6%), premix (0.9-1.1%), characterized in that the compound feed additionally contains sprouted feed barley (17.0-20.0%) and dry skim milk (3.50-4.5%) (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2041648, published on 20.08.1995).

The disadvantage of this invention is that the feed for starting feeding of broiler chickens includes sprouted feed barley. However, the technology of sprouting barley increases the cost of the feed, as it includes the following processes: chemical soaking, sprouting, drying and grinding. The use of dry skim milk also contributes to an increase in the cost of the feed due to the use of technological processes for drying this raw material.

A compound feed for broiler chickens from 1 to 37 days of life is known, which contains wheat, corn, fish meal, corn gluten, wheat bran, meat and bone meal, sunflower oil, table salt, vitamin premix, monocalcium phosphate, amino acids, and bischofite (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2802227, published on 08/23/2023). Bischofite is a natural mineral that is mined by underground leaching of a mineral layer at a depth of occurrence. Bischofite is hygroscopic, so in the air the crystals quickly absorb moisture and spread out.

The disadvantage of this type of compound feed is the introduction of bischofite, since local deposits of bischofite (Volgograd region, Perm region), as well as increased hygroscopicity, make it difficult to use this mineral in compound feed, and special storage and transportation conditions increase the cost of the finished product.

The prototype was chosen as a recipe for a feed for starting feeding of broilers from 0-14 days, including wheat, corn, sunflower oil, soybean meal and a protein-vitamin-mineral complex containing the feed concentrate "Sarepta" (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2021116791 published on 04/22/2022). The disadvantage of this feed is the use of the concentrate "Sarepta", produced only in the Volgograd region using mustard oil.

The essence of the invention is the composition of granulated compound feed for broilers (1-4 weeks), ensuring its high nutritional value, quality and low cost due to its use for the manufacture of food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result of the invention is the production of balanced granulated compound feed for broilers (1-4 weeks) with high nutritional value from food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result is achieved by introducing into the granulated compound feed for broilers (1-4 weeks) in addition to wheat, barley, corn, premix, the following processed food products are introduced: pork ham on the bone, pork ribs, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, dry cottage cheese, beef ribs, egg shells, egg powder, carrots, as well as Darnitsky bread, Zvezdny loaf, buckwheat groats, apples in the following ratio of components, mass%:

Wheat 15.0 Barley 10.0 Corn 10.0 Lysine sulfate 0.7 DL-Methionine 98.5% 0.32 Monocalcium phosphate 1,2 P5 Broiler chickens aged 1-4 weeks 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 5.0 Pork ribs 5.0 Atlantic salmon 1.0 Pollock 3.0 Pork liver sausage 1.0 Dry cottage cheese 8.0 Beef ribs 3.0 Eggshell 2.0 Egg powder 1.78 Carrot 5.0 Darnitsky bread 10.0 Star Loaf 2.0 Buckwheat groats 10.0 Apples 5.0 Total 100

A significant distinguishing feature of granulated feed for broilers (1-4 weeks) is the use of expired animal and plant food products as raw materials.

High requirements are imposed on the ingredients included in the granulated compound feed, such as good quality, absence of signs of spoilage and rancidity, digestibility of nutrients. The quality and safety of expired food products met the requirements of regulatory documentation. The quality characteristics and safety indicators of processed expired food products (in natural form) used in granulated compound feed are given in Table 1.

Table 1

Name of the indicator Name of food product Beef ribs Pork ham on the bone Pork ribs Atlantic salmon Pork liver sausage Cottage cheese Pollock Egg powder Carrot Darnitsky bread Star Loaf Buckwheat groats Apples Physicochemical indicators: Protein, % 21.29 16.57 13.05 19.4 15.1 17.1 15.3 46.5 1.3 6.5 7.6 14.2 0.4 Fat, % 6.20 10.61 20.67 7.6 27.6 9.3 0.8 37.5 0,1 1.3 2.9 2.7 0.4 Moisture, % 70.28 67.99 62.51 71.7 52.6 68.3 82.4 7.4 87.7 49.4 27.4 14.0 87.0 Ash, % 2.23 4.83 3.77 1.3 2.8 0.9 1.5 4.5 0.97 0.8 1,1 0.9 0.18 Carbohydrates, % - - - 1.9 3.1 - 4.1 6.9 42.0 61.0 68.2 9.8 Energy value, kcal / kJ 141 / 589 162 / 677 238 / 997 146 / 612 316 /
1325 164 / 688 68 / 286 539.9 / 2260 33 / 141 205 / 861 300 / 1258 353 / 1481 44 / 185 Microbiological safety indicators: QMAFAnM, CFU/g 4.2×10 ⁴ 5.2×10 ⁶ 6.3×10 ⁶ 3.2×10 ⁵ 2.1×10 ³ 6.0 x 10 ⁵ 2.3×10 ⁴ 3.4 x 10 ¹ - - - - - BGKP (coliform bacteria) Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found - - - - - Salmonella bacteria Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found - - - - -

The nutritional value of the declared granulated compound feed is given in Table 2.

Table 2

Name of the indicator Content Metabolic energy, MJ/kg 14.00 Crude protein, % 22.06 Crude fat, % 9.88 Crude fiber, % 3.95 Lysine 1.44 Methionine + cystine 0.98 Vitamin A, thousand IU/kg 12.00 Vitamin D ₃ , thousand IU/kg 3.00 Vitamin E, mg/kg 30,00 Vitamin K, mg/kg 2.00 Vitamin _B1 , mg/kg 2.00 Vitamin B ₂ , mg/kg 5.00 Vitamin B ₃ , mg/kg 30,00 Vitamin B ₄ , mg/kg 500,00 Vitamin B ₅ , mg/kg 10.00 Vitamin B ₆ , mg/kg 3.00 Vitamin B ₁₂ , mg/kg 0.025 Vitamin C, mg/kg 50,00 Vitamin H, mg/kg 0.10 Ca, % 1.08 P, % 0.70 Na, % 0.20 Fe, mg/kg 25.0 Cu, mg/kg 2.50 Zn, mg/kg 70,00 Mn, mg/kg 100,00 Co, mg/kg 1.00 I, mg/kg 0.70 Se, mg/kg 0.20

The method for producing granulated compound feed includes several stages: preparation of raw materials, cleaning of raw materials from metal-magnetic and large non-feed impurities, grinding of raw materials, dosing of feed components, mixing of feed components, packaging of finished products (Fig. 1).

Preparation of raw materials. Preparation of raw materials is carried out in the following sequence:

1) meat: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100°C, process duration 30 minutes), vacuum drying (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) at a temperature of 90-100°C, duration 80-90 minutes and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm.

2) sausage products: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 75°C or 100°C, process duration 30-45 minutes), vacuum drying (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) in two stages, at the first stage the temperature is not higher than 75°C, duration 30 minutes and the second stage at a temperature of 90°C, duration 50-60 minutes and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm.

3) fish: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100°C, process duration 15 minutes), vacuum drying in two stages, at the first stage the temperature is 75-80°C, duration 60 minutes and the second stage at a temperature of 85-90°C, duration 50-60 minutes (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm.

4) cottage cheese: grinding (particle size from 1 to 5 mm), drying (temperature 60°C, pressure 4-5 kPa, 4-6 h), cooling (to a temperature of 20±2°C), grinding if necessary;

5) eggs: washing if necessary, drying, removing contents from shells, filtering and mixing, pasteurization (temperature 60°C for 40 sec), holding (temperature 60°C for 20 min), cooling (temperature 4-6°C), drying (temperature 140-160°C), sifting;

eggshells: washing, drying (temperature 180-200 oC, 15 min), grinding (particle size up to 3 mm), sifting, grinding (particle size 20 microns).

6) fruit and vegetable raw materials: sorted with separation of foreign impurities and fruits with signs of rotting and/or mold. The sorted fruits are washed and cut on a cutting machine into bars no more than 5 mm thick. The resulting product is dried to a moisture content of no more than 15%. The dried product is crushed using hammer crushers with installed sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm;

7) Bakery products are sorted with separation of products with signs of mold. Bakery products are cut by cutting machines into cubes of 10x10 mm (deviation no more than 2 mm) and dried to a moisture content of 10-12%. The dried product is crushed by hammer mills, installing sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm.

The lines for grain, flour, mineral raw materials, processed food products, pressed large-piece components and dosing-mixing are mandatory for any feed mill. Preparation of raw materials also includes cleaning them from impurities, if necessary - grinding, peeling, drying. Flour types of raw materials are cleaned from metal-magnetic impurities on electromagnetic separators or magnetic columns with static magnets.

The crushed products are sent to the dosing module’s over-dosing bins.

Dosing. The components, separately prepared for introduction into the compound feed, are fed to the over-dosing bins of this line. Then the components are sent to the weigh batchers and periodic mixers. When preparing the components separately, several multi-component weigh batchers of different capacities are most often installed to ensure the required dosing accuracy. Dosing is divided into volumetric and weight, continuous and discrete. To perform volumetric continuous dosing, disc, drum, screw, vibration, belt, and combined types are used.

Mixing. Mixing can be continuous or periodic. For continuous mixing, SM mixers are offered, for periodic mixing - SGK, DSG, BSG. Mixers can be installed in parallel or in series. When installing mixers in series, the mixing time on each of them is usually reduced by 2 times.

Packing. To catch the metal-magnetic impurity, a magnetic column is installed in front of the finished product bin. A belt conveyor is installed under the weigh batcher. and bag sewing machine.Bags with packaged compound feed are placed on a pallet and transported by an electric forklift to the warehouse of finished products in containers. In order to increase the level of industrial safety of the explosive facility, aspiration by local filters is provided in the production shops.

To study the efficiency of using the declared complete granulated compound feed in the vivarium of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - Moscow Veterinary Academy named after K.I. Skryabin, 2 groups of Ross-308 cross chickens were formed, 50 heads in each. Chickens in all groups were selected based on the principle of analogues - identical in origin, age, general development and distributed into groups by random sampling. Growing conditions in all groups were identical. Chickens in the control group were fed complete balanced compound feed corresponding to their age, while the experimental group was fed the declared granulated compound feed. Duration of growing from day 5 to day 28 (inclusive) (24 days). Up to day 5, a zero ration was used in feeding.

The experiment took into account the survival of the livestock, live weight at the beginning and end of the experiment, average daily growth rates, and digestibility of nutrients. The results of the studies are presented in Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3

Zootechnical indicators when using the declared granulated compound feed

Indicator Control group Experimental group
(declared
compound feed) Deviation from control, % Number of goals in the group 50 50 - Average live weight at the beginning of the experiment (5 days), g. 121.3±2.1 120.9±1.7 99.7 Average live weight at the end of the experiment at 28 days, g. 1315.1±3.5 1326.4±3.1 100.9 Growth during the growing period (24 days), g 1193.8 1205.5 101,0 Average daily gain during the growing period (24 days), g. 49.7 50.2 101,0 Safety, goal 48 49 100 Preservation, % 96 98 2.0

During the experiment, the broiler chickens of the experimental groups showed superiority in live weight compared to their counterparts in the control group. According to the results of weighing the experimental broiler chickens at 28 days of age (at the end of rearing), the average live weight in the control group was 1315.1 g, and the average daily gain was 49.7 g, in the experimental group - 1326.4 g and 50.2 g, respectively. The survivability of the bird in both groups was high, but in the experimental group it was 2.0% higher and amounted to 98%.

To study the digestibility of nutrients of the declared granulated compound feed, a balance experiment was conducted, for which 2 cockerels and 2 hens with an average live weight per group were taken from each group.

Table 4

Digestibility of nutrients of the diet with the declared compound feed, %

Indicator Control group (PC-5) Experimental group
(declared
compound feed) Dry matter 80.2±0.2 80.6±0.3 Protein 85.4±0.1 86.7±0.1 Fat 85.2±0.3 85.9±0.3 Fiber 21.3±0.1 21.7±0.1

According to the research data, the best digestibility was demonstrated by the nutrients of the declared compound feed used in feeding the chickens of the experimental group. The digestibility of protein in the experimental group was at the level of 86.7%, fat - 85.9%, fiber - 21.7%, which is 1.3; 0.7 and 0.4% higher than the corresponding indicators in the control.

Thus, the use of the declared granulated compound feed increases the productivity of poultry due to better availability and digestibility of feed ingredients.

Claims (2)

Granulated compound feed for broilers aged 1-4 weeks, characterized by the fact that wheat, barley, corn, lysine sulfate, DL-methionine 98.5%, monocalcium phosphate, premix P5 for broiler chickens aged 1-4 weeks, as well as processed food products such as pork ham on the bone, pork ribs, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, dry cottage cheese, beef ribs, eggshells, egg powder, carrots, Darnitsky bread, Zvezdny loaf, buckwheat, apples are added to the granulated compound feed, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Wheat 15.0 Barley 10.0 Corn 10.0 Lysine sulfate 0.7 DL-Methionine 98.5% 0.32 Monocalcium phosphate 1,2 Premix P5 for broiler chickens at the age of 1-4 weeks 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 5.0 Pork ribs 5.0 Atlantic salmon 1.0 Pollock 3.0 Pork liver sausage 1.0 Dry cottage cheese 8.0 Beef ribs 3.0 Eggshell 2.0 Egg powder 1.78 Carrot 5.0 Darnitsky bread 10.0 Star Loaf 2.0 Buckwheat groats 10.0 Apples 5.0