RU2438285C1 - Sowing device for single-grain sowing of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: sowing device comprises a hopper for seeds with a horizontal cellular wheel and a housing located below it. Cells of the wheel are made in the form of L-shaped blades designed at the periphery of the wheel in size of the seeds of the sown agricultural crop. The length of the inter-blades space "ℓ" provides accommodation of seeds lengthways, depth "δ" - through-thickness of seeds, width "b" - the width of the seeds. The cellular wheel is connected to the cone-shaped guide for seeds having a cylindrical shape in its lower part over the blades. The height of the lower cylindrical part is equal to the maximum thickness of the seeds of sown agricultural crop. The vertical wall of the cell blade has a curve on the radius equal to half the maximum thickness of the seed of sown agricultural crop. The cellular wheel bears on a tray made of a material with low coefficient of friction on the seeds. A seeding window connected to the drill tube is placed at the periphery of the housing under the blades in the tray and the housing. The wheel drive with the cone-shaped guide is designed from the threaded shaft through a bevel gearing.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve productivity and reduce the consumption of seeds due to increasing the uniformity of single-grain sowing in the furrow with a specified interval.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing apparatus for sowing seeds of crops by the dashed method.

Known reel sowing apparatus for crops, consisting of a stamped body, coil, socket couplings and valves (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: Kolos S. 2004. - 624 S.: ill. - p. 151). This sowing device does not provide seed placement in the furrow after 3-5 cm, for which it is necessary to sow 30 ... 50 seeds per second. In addition, the apparatus gives a pulsating flow, which is why seed groups and omissions exceeding the calculated interval are found in the furrows.

Known sowing apparatus for sowing seeds of vegetable and melons, including a horizontally located mesh drive disk with a seed reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the inoperative zone, and its drive, as well as a tedder, with a tedder the shape of a rotation paraboloid is given, the focus of which is located above the surface of the mesh disk, the lower edge of the agitator is conjugated with the edges of the cells, while the cells are bounded on one side by a vertical wall a can, and on the other hand, the lower edge of the agitator (patent RU No. 2277766).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the inability to supply 30 ... 50 seeds per second, the requirements for calibrating seeds by size.

Known sowing apparatus, mainly for sowing seeds of melons, including a horizontally located mesh disk with a seed reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing, and its drive, while cells on the disk with a shape seeds of the sowing culture are formed by groups of through holes, the latter in each group are made with different distances from the axis of rotation of the disk, while the geometric centers of the cells on the peripheral part of the disk see Jumped back from the centers of the inner cells by an amount equal to 2-3 sizes of the length of the seeds, on the surface of the disk with a shift from the peripheral edge to its center along concentric circles, there are 1.08-1.15 times more jumpers on the sides of each cell of the bridge than seed thickness (patent RU No. 2195100).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the inability to supply 30 ... 50 seeds per second to the coulter, the requirement for sorting and sizing the seeds by size.

Known sowing apparatus, including a hopper, the bottom of which is made with an ejection window for seeds, and located above the bottom of the mesh sowing disk with a reflector and ejector, while on the peripheral part of the mesh disk in radial planes with equal angular steps formed groups of cells corresponding to the shape and size seeds and separated in groups by arched guides, while the said disk is fixed in the hopper with an emphasis in the form of a ring, the ejector is presented in the form of a group of disks, placed above the exhaust window leashes spring cage connected to the housing of the reflector provided with orienting fingers associated with the housing raznovelikie leashes seed orientation in a group of cells and cellular replaceable disc formed (patent RU №2204332).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the complexity of the design, the inability to feed seeds into the furrow with a distance of 3 ... 5 cm and their placement with a dotted line.

A sowing apparatus is known, including a seed hopper and a housing located beneath it with a horizontal honeycomb disk, while in the upper part of the disk from the side of the seed layer an annular groove of trapezoidal section is made in which cells for seed selection are located (copyright certificate SU No. 417108).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the presence of reflective teeth that allow crushing of seeds.

A known metering device for dashed (precise) sowing of seeds of agricultural crops, including a hopper for seeds with a horizontal sowing rotating mesh disk and a conical seed guide, in the housing under the cells a sowing window, drive disk dump (UA 14966 U, 06/15/2006).

The disadvantages of the apparatus include the possibility of crushing seeds and low reliability.

This sowing device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to ensure the placement of seeds in the furrow through 3 ... 5 cm and supply to the coulter 30 ... 50 seeds per second.

EFFECT: dashed placement of seeds in a furrow with a predetermined interval, saving seeds and increasing productivity.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known sowing apparatus for dashed seeding of seeds of agricultural crops, including a hopper for seeds with a horizontal mesh disk and a housing located under it, according to the invention, the cells are made in the form of L-shaped blades made around the periphery of the disk according to the size of the seeds of the sowing culture, while the length of the interscapular space "ℓ" should ensure the placement of the seed along the length, the depth "δ" - along the thickness of the seed, width cells "b" - along the width of the seed, the mesh disc is connected to a conical seed guide, which has a cylindrical shape in the lower part above the blades, the height of the lower cylindrical part is equal to the maximum thickness of the seed of the sowing culture, the vertical wall of the blade has a rounded radius equal to half the maximum thickness of the seed sowing culture, the mesh disc rests on a pallet made of material with a low coefficient of friction against seeds, on the periphery of the housing under the blades in the pan and the housing is provided sowing CCW connected to the vas deferens, the disk drive with the guide tapered carried by the threaded shaft via the bevel gear.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the sowing apparatus, a cross section.

Figure 2 is the same, top view.

The sowing apparatus for dashed seeding of seeds of agricultural crops contains a hopper 1 for seeds, in which a horizontal honeycomb disk 2 is placed with free rotation, connected to a conical seed guide 3, which is fixed by a threaded shaft 4. In the housing 5, under the blades, a sowing window 6 connected with seed tube 7. The housing 5 is fixed to the bracket 8, in which the threaded shaft is fixed 4. The drive of the mesh disk 2 is made through a bevel gear 9. The blades 10 are made L-shaped, while their the vertical wall has a rounding in radius equal to half the maximum thickness of the seed of the sowing culture, the length меж of the interscapular space should ensure placement along the length of the seed of the sowing culture, depth δ should be placed along the thickness of the seed, and the width of the cell “b” should be across the width of the seed.

The lower part of the conical guide 3 seeds made cylindrical, while the height of the cylindrical part is equal to the maximum thickness of the seed. To prevent injury to the seeds, the disk 2 rests on a pallet 11 made of a material with a low coefficient of friction against the seeds. The input window "δ" of the inter-blade space must be of a size that allows the passage of seeds along the thickness and width of the seed. Cellular disk 2 is removable, depending on the sowing culture.

The metering device operates as follows.

During rotation of the sowing disk 2, the seeds from the influence of the guide 3 are oriented along the tangent axis to the generatrix of the side wall and enter through the annular gap “b” into the inner cavity of the blades 10. This is facilitated by the centrifugal force that arises. The blade 10, filled with the seed of the sowing culture, moves to the sowing window 6, which contributes to the rounding of the vertical wall. Under the influence of gravity, the seed falls out of the blade 10 and through the sowing window 6 enters the vas deferens 7. Seeds through the vas deferens 7 enter the bottom of the groove formed by the coulter and are laid with a predetermined interval of 3 ... 5 cm, which provides the necessary nutritional area for plants and yield increase. This sowing machine can be successfully used for sowing granular fertilizers.

For sowing crops with other dimensional characteristics, the sowing device must have removable disks 2.

Claims (1)

The sowing apparatus for dashed sowing of seeds of agricultural crops, including a hopper for seeds with a horizontal honeycomb disk and a housing located under it, characterized in that the cells are made in the form of L-shaped blades made on the periphery of the disk according to the size of the seeds of the sowing crop, while the length of the inter-blade the space "ℓ" must ensure the placement of the seed along the length, the depth "δ" - along the thickness of the seed, the width "b" - along the width of the seed, while the mesh disc is connected to a conical seed guide having the bottom part above the blades is cylindrical in shape, the height of the bottom cylindrical part being equal to the maximum thickness of the seed of the sowing culture, and the vertical wall of the blade has a radius equal to half the maximum thickness of the seed of the sowing culture, in addition, the mesh disc rests on a pallet made of material with low by the coefficient of friction on the seeds, on the periphery of the housing under the blades in the pan and the housing, there is a sowing window connected to the seed tube, and the disk drive with a conical guide uschestvlen of the threaded shaft through a bevel gear.

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