RU2275784C1 - Seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has seed box, cellular drive disk with seed baffle which is closed in zone adjoining inoperative part of disk with housing, and drive for cellular disk. Disk is positioned at an angle to horizontal plane. Disk cells are shaped and sized so as to conform to said parameters of seeds and are arranged in groups on peripheral part of disk. Number of cells in group is equal to number of seeds sown into bed, and distance between groups is proportional to accepted seeding pitch (distance between beds). Annular protrusions provided between cells have width of 1.5-2.0 mm and height of 0.6-0.7 the thickness of seed. Baffle is made in the form of elastic apron attached to side wall of seed box. Baffle has elastic protrusions-seed ejectors provided in the vicinity of ejection window above shank. Seed box portion adjoining peripheral portion of disk has parabolic rounded portion of vertical wall. Conical drive of seeding disk is closed with housing.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in sowing of germinated seeds without damaging thereof.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing apparatus for seeders for single-grain sowing.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at elevated speeds of movement of the aggregate, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups in a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU, copyright certificate No. 190688, M. class A 01 C 7/18, A 01 C 7/16. Sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops (G. M. Rudakov, Atham Abdurakhmanov and S. A. Ma (USSR) - application No. 935862 / 30-15; declared 12.28 .1964; publ. 12/29/1966, Bull. No. 2 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1967. - No. 2).

Despite the fact that the sowing disk is capable of capturing and moving up to four seeds at the same time, and the nest-forming disk move them to the window, the seeds in the nests have a large mutual removal and the quantity not always supplied corresponds to four pieces. Along with this, the seeds are subjected to mechanical stress and injured. The outlines of the cells of the apparatus do not correspond to the size and shape of the seeds of melons.

A metering apparatus is also known, including a horizontally arranged mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU copyright certificate No. 375046, class C. A 01 C 7/16. Metering apparatus // P.Ya. Lobachevsky and P.M. Bondareko. (USSR) - No. 1380525 / 30-15; claimed 11.28.1969; publ. 03.23.1973, Bull. No. 16 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1973. - No. 16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention.

However, the apparatus itself is not able to form the supply of a group of seeds into one nest.

A sowing apparatus is known, including a hopper, the bottom of which is made with an ejection window for seeds, and a cellular sowing disk located above the bottom with reflectors and ejectors, in which, in order to increase the uniformity of sowing seeds when operating at higher speeds, the sowing disk is mounted motionless and equipped with one located above it a valve device made in the form of combined reflectors and ejectors pivotally mounted on leashes rotating relative to the seed disk, and the bottom of the hopper is installed with rotation capacity (SU copyright certificate No. 41701-7, M. class A 01 C 7/18, A 01 C 7/16. Sowing apparatus // V.P. Chichkin, V. P. Stasyuk, B. S. Lukashov et al. (USSR) - No. 1797648 / 30-15; claimed on 06/14/1972; publ. 02/28/1974, Bull. No. 8 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1974. - No. 8).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the complexity of the design, low operational reliability and the impossibility of simultaneously sowing a group of seeds for the formation of nesting, in particular melons and gourds, the inability to sow sprouted seeds.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object in terms of features is a sowing device primarily for sowing seeds of melons, including a horizontally arranged mesh drive disk with a seed reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area, and its drive, while the cells on the disk with the shape of the seeds of the sowing culture are formed by groups of through holes, the latter in each group are made with different beats from the axis of rotation of the disk, while the geometric centers of the cells on the peripheral part of the disk are mixed back from the centers of the internal cells by an amount equal to 2-3 times the length of the seeds, on the surface of the disk offset from the peripheral edge to its center along concentric circles are made on the sides of each lintel cells 1.08-1.15 times higher than the seed thickness (SU patent No. 2195100, IPC ⁷ A 01 C 7/16. Sowing apparatus / Abezin V.G., Karpunin V.V., Shaprov M. N., Soldaev A.M. Otub. December 27, 2002 Bull. No. 36).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the lack of seeding without damage to sprouted seeds.

The invention consists in the following.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is the formation of seed nests with mutual distance from each other at a distance of 3 ... 5 cm and the possibility of sowing without damage to the germinated seeds of melons and gourds. The technical result is the preservation of seedlings in the early time - the spring period of growth - from damage by agricultural pests and diseases due to the dashed placement of seeds in the nest, as well as the possibility of obtaining early seedlings and products.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the sowing apparatus has a honeycomb drive disk inclined towards the horizontal plane, in which the cells are made in the shape and size of the seed and placed in groups on the peripheral part of the disk, the number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between groups in proportion to the adopted step of planting, between the cells there are ring protrusions with a width of 1.5 ... 2.0 mm and a height equal to 0.6 ... 0.7 of the thickness of the seed, the seed reflector is made in the form of an elastic an apron attached to the side wall of the seed box, which has elastic protrusions in the area of the discharge window above the coulter - seed ejectors, and a casing closed on top of the inoperative area of the disk, while the seed box at the peripheral part of the disk has a parabolic rounding of the vertical wall, and the conical drive of the seed disk covered by a casing. The design of the sowing apparatus eliminates mechanical damage to the seeds, high-quality and complete filling of the cells, ensures the sowing of the sprouted seeds in the "line" with their exact number and obtaining early production.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the claimed metering apparatus, a cross section.

Figure 2 is a view And on the sowing mesh disk.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing apparatus includes a seed box 1, in the lower part of which a honeycomb disk 2 is placed at an angle of 40 ... 50 ° to the horizon, having annular protrusions 3 on the peripheral part 3 of a width of 1.5 ... 2.0 mm and a height of 0 , 6 ... 0.7 is the thickness of the seed, between which groups of cells are located 4. The number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between the groups is proportional to the accepted sowing step (the distance between the nests), mesh disk 2 is fixed with a bolt 5 .In the upper part of the disk 2 to the side wall of the seed box 1 attached a reflector 6 is made in the form of an elastic apron, protected from the seed layer in the seed box by a casing 7. The reflector 6 has elastic protrusions in the area of the cells 4 - ejectors 8. The side walls of the seed box 1 are made parabolic in the area of interfacing with the seed disc 9. Drive of the seed meter the disk 2 is made through a pair of bevel gears 10, 11, the shafts of which are installed in the sliding bearings 12, 13. The drive of the sowing disk 2 is closed by a casing 14. In the working area, the sowing disk 2 rests on a pallet 15, which has sowing in the upper part a sowing window 16 located above the seed tube 17 of the opener 18. The sowing apparatus operates as follows. A sowing disk 2 is installed on the pallet 15, the thickness of which and the cell sizes correspond to the size and shape of the seed of the sowing culture. The sowing disk is fixed on the drive shaft with a bolt 5. A seed box 1 with an elastic apron 6 and a casing 7 is mounted on the pallet. The number of groups of cells 4 on the sowing disk must correspond to the accepted sowing pattern. The necessary gear ratio is set on the metering unit drive. Seed box 1 is filled with sprouted (or sprouted) seeds and the seeder leaves the field. When moving across the field, the sowing disk 2 rotates through the drive gears 10, 11, while the annular protrusions 3 orient the seeds above the cells 4, which ensures their filling. When cells 4 move upward on an inclined plane, seeds that are outside the cells slide down and one seed remains in the cells, which is facilitated by an elastic apron 6. This apron 6 also prevents seeds from falling out of cells 4 when the seeder is pushed on irregularities.

When cells 4 approach the sowing window 16, elastic protrusions act on the seeds - ejectors 8 and the seeds are directed along the vas deferens 17 to the furrow made by the opener 18. Parabolic walls 9 contribute to the orientation of the seeds to the cells with a length-width position, which greatly improves the possibility of filling the cells with one by the seed.

The use of this sowing apparatus allows sowing by sprouted seeds and as a result to receive products 10 ... 12 days earlier than when sowing not sprouted seeds.

Claims (3)

1. The sowing apparatus, including a mesh drive disk with a seed reflector, a casing closed in the non-working area of the disk and a mesh drive, characterized in that the mesh disk is installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the cells are made in shape and size of the seed and are located on the peripheral part of the disk groups, the number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between the groups is proportional to the accepted sowing step (the distance between the nests), between the cells there are ring protrusions 1.5 wide. .2.0 mm and a height equal to 0.6 ... 0.7 of the thickness of the seed, the seed reflector is made in the form of an elastic apron attached to the side wall of the seed box and has elastic protrusions in the area of the discharge window above the coulter - seed ejectors, and closed by a casing. 2. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed box at the peripheral part of the disk has a parabolic rounding of the vertical wall. 3. The sowing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical drive of the mesh disc is closed by a casing.

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