RU2305511C1 - Drilling mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for seeding melon cultures. Proposed mechanism includes driven cellular disk with groups of cells formed over periphery. Cells are made in form of seeds to be planted. Jumpers in form of active guides are made at sides of each cell. Cellular disk is installed vertically in sealed seed box. Cells and active guides are arranged on turnable blades. The latter are mounted on disk over periphery by means of axles and are fixed at angle of 40-50° to disk plane by means of stop. Blades are equally spaced over disk periphery. Axles of blades are provided with pull-back springs. Each blade carries group of cells whose number is equal to number of seeds to be planted simultaneously in hollow. Center of cell on peripheral part of blade is displaced backwards from center of inner cell to value equal to length of seed of planted crop. Active guides of equal to 1.5-2.0 mm and height in fractions of 0.7-0.9 of seed thickness are arranged between cells. Drain hole is provided on bottom of each cell. Upper part of seed box is provided with turnable projection found before seed hole.

EFFECT: possibility of planting soaked and germinated seeds without damage.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing apparatus for sowing seeds mainly melons and vegetables.

Known sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at increased speeds of movement of the unit, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups on a straight line at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius with ends bent in the direction of the radius (copyright certificate SU No. 190688, M. class A01C 7 / 18, А01С 7/16. Sowing apparatus for the exact sowing of cotton seeds and other crops. / G.M. Rudakov, Atham Abdurakhmanov and S.A.Ma. (USSR) - Application No. 935862 / 30-15; Declared 28.12. 1964; Published on December 29, 1966, Bull. No. 2 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1967. - No. 2).

Despite the fact that the sowing disk is capable of capturing and moving up to four seeds at the same time, and the nest-forming disk is moved to the window, the seeds in the nests have a large mutual removal, their number does not always correspond to four. Along with this, the seeds are subjected to mechanical stress and injured. The shape of the cells does not correspond to the size and shape of the seeds of gourds.

A metering apparatus is also known, including a horizontally arranged mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (copyright certificate SU No. 375046, M. class. А01С 7/16. Sowing apparatus. / P.Ya. Lobachevsky and P.M. Bondarenko. - No. 1380525 / 30-15 ; Stated November 28, 1969; Publish. March 23, 1973, Bull. No. 16 // Discoveries. Inventions. - 1973. - No. 16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention.

However, the apparatus itself is not able to form the supply of a group of seeds into one nest.

A metering apparatus is known, including a hopper, the bottom of which is made with an ejection window for seeds, and a cellular sowing disc located above the bottom with reflectors and ejectors, in which, in order to increase the uniformity of sowing seeds when operating at higher speeds, the metering disc is mounted motionless and equipped with above it, a valve device made in the form of combined reflectors and ejectors pivotally mounted on leashes rotating relative to the seed disk, and the bottom of the hopper is mounted with the possibility of rotation (copyright certificate SU No. 41701-7, M. class. А01С 7/18, А01С 7/16. Sowing apparatus. / V.P. Chichkin, V.P. Stasyuk, B.S. Lukashov, etc. - No. 1797648 / 30-15; Stated 06/14/1972; Publish. 02/28/1974, Bull. No. 8 // Discovery. Inventions. - 1974. - No. 8).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the complexity of the design, low operational reliability and the impossibility of simultaneously sowing a group of seeds for the formation of nesting, in particular melons and gourds, the inability to sow sprouted seeds.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object in terms of features is a sowing device mainly for sowing seeds of melons, including a horizontally located mesh drive disk with a seed reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working area, and its the drive, while the cells on the disk with the shape of the seeds of the sowing culture are formed by groups of through holes, the latter in each group are made with different beats from the axis of rotation of the disk, while the geometric centers of the cells on the peripheral part of the disk are shifted back from the centers of the internal cells by an amount equal to 2 ... 3 the length of the seeds, on the surface of the disk with an offset from the peripheral edge to its center along concentric circles the sides of each cell of the bridge with a height of 1.08-1.15 times more than the thickness of the seeds (patent for invention SU No. 2195100, IPC ⁷ А01С 7/16. Sowing apparatus. / Abezin V.G., Karpunin V.V., Shaprov M.N., Saldaev A.M. Publ. 12/27/2002, Bull. No. 36).

The disadvantages of this apparatus include the lack of seeding without damage to sprouted seeds.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the formation of seed nests with mutual distance from each other at a distance of 3 ... 5 cm and the possibility of sowing without damage to the germinated seeds of melons.

The technical result is the preservation of seedlings in the early spring period from growing from damage by agricultural pests and diseases due to the dashed placement of seeds in the nest, as well as the possibility of obtaining early seedlings of the product.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known sowing apparatus including a mesh drive disk vertically arranged to a horizontal plane, in which the cells are made in shape and size of the seed and placed on the rotary blades in groups, the number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between the groups is proportional to the adopted step of planting, between the cells there are ring protrusions with a width of 1.5 ... 2.0 mm and a height equal to 0.7 ... 0.9 of the thickness of the seed, and in the upper part of the seed the box before sowing window protrusion provided to rotate the blade, a blade mounted on rotary axes at an angle of 40 ... 50 ° to the vertical plane and have a locking abutment, drive shaft mounted on bearings in the walls of the seed box, a gland seal. The design of the sowing apparatus eliminates mechanical damage to the seeds, high-quality and complete filling of the cells, ensures the sowing of germinated seeds in the nest with a dashed line with their exact number and obtaining early production.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the claimed metering apparatus, a longitudinal section.

Figure 2 is the same, cross section.

Figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows. The sowing apparatus includes a sealed seed box 1, in the inner cavity of which there is a vertical vertical honeycomb disk 2 having on the peripheral part rotary blades 3 of the width necessary to accommodate a given number of cells 4, between which active guides 5 are made, in the form of protrusions 1 wide, 5 ... 2.0 mm and a height equal to 0.7 ... 0.9 of the thickness of the seed. The number of cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between the groups is proportional to the accepted sowing step (the distance between the nests). Rotary blades are installed in the slots of the disk 2 on the axes 6. The bearings 7 are fixed to the walls of the seed box 1, closed by sealing cuffs 8. The blades 3 are held at the periphery of the disk at an angle of 40 ... 50 ° to the vertical plane with an emphasis 10. The rotary axles 6 are fixed in the disk slot 2 with screws 11. The disk 2 on the shaft 8 is secured with a key 12. The cells 4 have a drain hole 13. A groove 14 is provided on the rotary axis 6, a rotary protrusion 15 is provided in the upper part of the seed box 1, which is located in front of the sowing window 16.

The metering device operates as follows.

Seed box 1 before sowing is filled with soaked and water-containing seeds. When the disk 2 rotates, the blades 3 pass through the water-seed mixture, while the active guides 5 orient the seeds above the cells 4. When the blades 3 exit the water-seed mixture, the seeds fall into the cells 4, which is facilitated by the water flowing through the hole 13, which creates a suction effect and contributes to the retention of the seed in the cell 4. Seeds located outside the cell are removed from the scapula due to its inclination to the horizontal plane. As soon as the blade 3 reaches the pivot ledge 15, it rotates on the axis 6 and the seeds are ejected from the cells 4 into the sowing window 16.

The absence of a reflector of excess seeds prevents their injury and provides the possibility of sowing soaked and sprouted seeds, this allows you to get early production of gourds.

Claims (6)

1. The sowing apparatus, mainly for sowing seeds of gourds, comprising a drive disk with cells formed on its periphery in groups according to the shape of the seeds of the sowing culture with jumpers made on the sides of each cell in the form of active guides, characterized in that the disk is placed vertically in an airtight seed a box with a protrusion in its upper part, in front of the sowing window, and the cells and active guides are placed on rotary blades mounted on the periphery of the disk by means of atnuyu spring fixed axes and at an angle of 40-50 ° to the plane of the disk abutment. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary blades are placed on the periphery of the disk with a uniform pitch. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that on each blade a group of cells is made, the number of which is equal to the number of seeds sown simultaneously in one nest. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the center of the cell on the peripheral part of the scapula is shifted back from the center of the inner cell by an amount equal to the length of the seed of the sowing culture. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that between the cells there are active guides with a width of 1.5-2 mm and a height equal to fractions of 0.7-0.9 of the thickness of the seed. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a drain hole is made at the bottom of each cell.

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