RU2490855C1 - Planting unit for precise dotted planting grain seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: planting unit comprises a seed box with the bottom, to which a tray and a removable cell wheel with a drive to rotate through the bevel gear is attached. The seeding plate rests on the tray and is mounted at an angle to the horizontal plane. Seed-gripping cells of the plate are made in the form and size of the seed at its peripheral part in two rows, are interconnected and separated by jumpers. The cells of the second row overlap the jumpers of the first row. Thickness "δ" of the seeding plate correspond to the maximum thickness of the seed of the sown crop, the length "c" of the cell is greater than the seed length by 0.5…1.5 mm, the width "b" of the cell is greater than the maximum width of the seed by 0.5…1 mm. In the upper part the cells have seed-gripping deflector located in the rear part of the cell and overlapping the upper part of the cell by one third of its length. The deflector is connected with the rear wall of the cell along the radius equal to the thickness of the seeding plate.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to provide optimal area of the plant nutrition, seed saving, and increased productivity.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing apparatus for sowing seeds of crops by the dashed method.

Known reel sowing apparatus for crops, consisting of a stamped body, coil, socket couplings and valves (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: KolosS. 2004 - 624 pp., Ill. - page .151). This sowing device does not provide the placement of seeds in the furrow after 3-5 cm, for which it is necessary to sow 30 ... 50 seeds per second. In addition, the apparatus gives a pulsating flow, which is why seed groups and omissions exceeding the calculated interval are found in the furrows.

Known sowing apparatus for sowing seeds of vegetable and melons, including a horizontally located mesh drive disk with a seed reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the inoperative zone, and its drive, as well as a tedder, with a tedder the shape of a paraboloid of revolution is given, the focus of which is located above the surface of the mesh disk, the lower edge of the agitator is conjugated with the edges of the cells, while the cells are bounded on one side by a vertical wall can, and on the other hand, the lower edge of the agitator (RU, patent for invention No. 2277766). The disadvantages of this apparatus include the lack of the possibility of single-grain supply of 30 ... 50 seeds per second, the complexity of the design, the requirements for calibrating seeds by size.

Known sowing apparatus, mainly for sowing seeds of melons, including a horizontally located mesh disk with a seed reflector in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing, and its drive, while cells on the disk with a shape seeds of the sowing culture are formed by groups of through holes, the latter in each group are made with different distances from the axis of rotation of the disk, while the geometric centers of the cells on the peripheral part of the disk see Jumped back from the centers of the inner cells by an amount equal to 2-3 sizes of the length of the seeds, on the surface of the disk with a shift from the peripheral edge to its center along concentric circles, there are 1.08-1.15 times more jumpers on the sides of each cell of the bridge than seed thickness (RU, patent for invention No. 2195100).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the lack of possibility of single-grain supply to the opener 30 ... 50 seeds per second, the requirement for sorting and calibration of seeds by size.

Known sowing apparatus, including a hopper, the bottom of which is made with an ejection window for seeds, and located above the bottom of the cellular sowing disk with a reflector and ejector, while on the peripheral part of the cellular disk in radial planes with equal angular steps formed groups of cells corresponding to the shape and size seeds and separated in groups by arcuate guides, while the said disk is fixed in the hopper with an emphasis in the form of a ring, the ejector is presented in the form of a group of disks, placed above the exhaust window leashes spring cage connected to the housing of the reflector provided with orienting fingers associated with the housing raznovelikie leashes seed orientation in a group of cells and cellular disc is replaceable (RU, patent for acquiring №2204332).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the complexity of the design, the lack of the possibility of a single-grain seed supply into the furrow with a distance of 3 ... 5 cm and their placement with a dotted line.

A sowing apparatus is known, including a seed hopper and a housing located beneath it with a horizontal honeycomb disk, while in the upper part of the disk from the side of the seed layer an annular groove of trapezoidal section is made in which cells for seed selection are located (SU, copyright certificate No. 417108).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the presence of teeth - reflectors that allow crushing of seeds, as well as the inability to supply 30 ... 50 seeds per second to the coulter.

Known sowing apparatus, including a seed box, at the bottom of which a conveyor is mounted, having cells, active guides and a reflector, while the leading branch of the conveyor is located on the driving, bypass and tension drums, has vertical slopes that are inclined to the horizon and the bottom of the seed box is located above the inclined section and the reflector in the form of a brush drum is mounted behind the vertical section and the bypass drum and is equipped with a movable shut-off device, mounted at an angle to the horizontal at the rear the wall of the seed box, while active guides in the form of elastic rods are mounted on the front wall of the seed box parallel to the inclined section of the leading branch of the conveyor, the guides of the elastic elements of the tension drum are parallel to the inclined section of the leading branch of the conveyor, and the brush drum of the reflector and the driving drum of the conveyor drive are kinematically connected synchronizing transmission, in that the drive drum of the conveyor is mounted above the vas deferens, while the surfaces of the drive, bypass and atyazhnogo drums reinforced friction material (RU patent №2267897).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include low accuracy of sowing, the lack of the possibility of a dashed feed of seeds into the coulter with a given interval.

A metering apparatus is known, including a hopper, a metering device installed in the hopper, a funnel regulator for the metering rate, and the metering device is made in the form of a prefabricated disk with a horizontal axis of rotation, equipped with cells on the peripheral part, made of groups of bristles fixed along the perimeter of the disk by means of a punched tape, each the group of bristles is given a U-shape, the free ends of the bristles are placed in adjacent perforations of the aforementioned tape, while it is given the shape of a ring and it is placed in the grooves of the first disk, the said grooves are made on the inner end walls of the flanges mutually conjugated by means of a distance ring, and the ends of the punched tape in the opposite flange grooves are fixed by a cylindrical stopper with grooves on their surface, while the flanges and the distance ring of the assembly disk are mutually interconnected by fasteners, and in a hole in the form of a regular hollow prism is made in the center of the pre-assembled disk; chamfers at an angle of 30-45 are made on the mating inner end walls of the flanges of the pre-assembled disk with sizes of at least 1/5-1 / 7 of the length of the sown seeds, the thickness of the spacer ring is 1.05-1.10 times greater than the length of the sown seeds, while the adjacent ends in each group of bristles are removed by the width of the sown seeds (RU patent for the invention No. 2199849).

The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the complexity of the design, low accuracy of sowing, the inability to place seeds in the furrow after 3 ... 5 cm and the supply of 30 ... 50 seeds per second to the coulter.

Known sowing apparatus, comprising a mesh drive disk with a seed reflector, a casing closed in the non-working area of the disk and a mesh drive, while the mesh disk is installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the cells are made in shape and size of the seed and placed in groups on the peripheral part of the disk, number the cells in the group is equal to the number of seeds sown in the nest, and the distance between the groups is proportional to the accepted sowing step (the distance between the nests), annular protrusions between 1.5 and 2.0 mm wide are provided between the cells and a height equal to 0.6 ... 0.7 of the thickness of the seed, the seed reflector is made in the form of an elastic apron attached to the side wall of the seed box and has elastic protrusions in the area of the discharge window above the coulter - seed pushers, and is covered by a casing on top, while the seed the box at the peripheral part of the disk has a parabolic rounding of the vertical wall, and the conical drive of the cellular disk is closed by a casing (RU patent for the invention No. 2275784).

The disadvantages of the sowing apparatus include the inability to feed the seeds in a continuous dashed flow at a speed of 30 ... 50 seeds per second, the low probability of filling all the cells and ensuring precisely dashed seeding.

This sowing device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is precisely the dashed supply of seeds into the furrow with a distance between the seeds of 3 ... 5 cm and the supply of 30 ... 50 seeds per second to the coulter.

The technical result, ensuring the optimal area of plant nutrition, saving seeds, increasing productivity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known sowing apparatus for precisely dashed sowing of seeds of grain crops, including a mesh drive disk installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the cells are made in the shape and size of the seed and placed on the peripheral part, according to the invention, the disk on the peripheral the parts are equipped with sperm cells, conjugated to each other and separated by jumpers, and the cells are located on the disk in two rows so that the cells of the second row overlap the cells of the first row, the thickness of the sowing disk "δ" corresponds to the maximum thickness of the seed of the sowing culture, the length of the cell "s" is longer than the seed by 0.5 ... 1.5 mm, the width of the cell "c" is greater than the maximum seed width by 0.5 ... 1 mm, in the upper part of the cell there is a seed grasp located at the rear of the cell and overlapping the upper part of the cell by one third of its length, the visor is mated to the rear wall of the cell with a radius equal to the thickness of the seed disc, the seed disc rests on a pallet made of low-material coefficient th friction cereal seed tray is attached to the bottom of the seed box, the drive to rotate the seed disc is made through the bevel gear, the seed disc made interchangeable depending on the culture was plated.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The design of the metering unit is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a sowing apparatus.

In Fig.2 - view A in Fig.1.

The sowing apparatus for precisely dashed sowing of seeds of grain crops includes a seed box 1 on the bottom of which, at an angle to the horizontal plane, a sowing disk 2 is placed, resting on a pallet 3 made of material with a low coefficient of friction against seeds of grain crops.

On disk 2 there are sperm cells 4 arranged in two rows. Cells 4 of the first row are located on the peripheral part of the disk and are separated by jumpers. Cells 4 of the second row are located closer to the center of the disk 2 and overlap the jumpers of the first row of cells. Cells 4 on disk 2 are made in the shape and size of the seed of the sown culture. At the same time, the cell depth - the thickness "δ" of the sowing disk corresponds to the maximum seed thickness of the sowing culture, the length "c" of the cell is 0.5 ... 1.5 mm longer than the seed length, the cell width "c" is 0.5 ... more than the maximum seed width 1 mm. In the upper part of cell 4 there is a seed grab 5 located at the rear of cell 4. The seed grab 5 overlaps the top of cell 4 by one third of its length and is mated to the back wall of the cell with a radius equal to the thickness of the seed disc. In the side wall of the seed box 1 there is a seed tube 6. The drive of the sowing disk is made through a bevel gear 7, which is mounted on the bottom 8 of the seed box 1.

The metering device operates as follows.

Before sowing, a sowing disk 2 is installed in the seed box 1 corresponding to the dimensional characteristics of the seeds of the sowing culture. Seeds are poured into the seed box and sowing begins.

In this case, the rotation speed of the sowing disk 2 is selected from the condition of feeding into the seed tube 6 30 ... 50 seeds per second, which is ensured by the corresponding gear ratio of the bevel gear 8.

When the sowing disk 2 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig. 2), the seeds are captured by the visors 5 and placed in the cells 4, while only one seed can be placed in the cell, since the cells are individually selected. The angle of inclination of the seed disk to the horizon contributes to the guaranteed filling of the cells.

When approaching the vas deferens 6, the first seed falls in the first row, then the seed in the second row and again the seed in the first row. The loss of seeds located above the cells is prevented by a visor 5.

Due to this arrangement of 4 cells, the seeds will enter the vas deferens in a continuous flow with a precisely defined interval and provide exact-dotted seeding with placement of seeds in the furrow after 3 ... 5 cm. This allows you to provide the optimal area of plant nutrition and significantly increase productivity.

Claims (1)

The sowing apparatus for precisely dashed sowing of seeds of grain crops, including a mesh drive disk installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the cells of which are made in the shape and size of the seed and placed on the peripheral part, characterized in that the disk on the peripheral part is equipped with seed grafts mated to each other with the other and separated jumpers, while the cells are located on the disk in two rows so that the cells of the second row overlap the jumpers of the first row, and the thickness "δ" of the sowing d ska corresponds to the maximum thickness of the seed of the sowing culture, the length "c" of the cell is 0.5 ... 1.5 mm greater than the length of the seed, and the width "c" of the cell is 0.5 ... 1 mm greater than the maximum seed width, in addition, in the upper part the cells have an ovoid visor located at the rear of the cell and overlapping the upper part of the cell by one third of its length, and the visor is mated to the rear wall of the cell with a radius equal to the thickness of the seed disc, while the seed disc rests on a pallet made of material with a low coefficient friction about ene cereals and pallet secured to the bottom of the seed box, in addition, drive the seed disc in rotation through the bevel gear is formed, and the sowing disc is exchangeable depending on the seeded culture.

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