RU2588455C1 - Sowing device for single-seed and hill seeding of tilled, vegetable and cucurbits crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: sowing device for dashed-nest sowing of tilled, vegetable and cucurbits crops comprises a drive disc with formed around its periphery groups of cells having the shape of sown crop seeds. Drive disk is installed vertically in a sealed seed box. Cells of the drive disk are made in accordance with the size of sown crop. Length of the cell is l=l_{c max}+ K₁, width is b=b_{c max}+ K₂, depth is δ=δ_{c max}, where l_{c max}, b_{c max}, δ_{c max} is the maximum length, width and thickness of the sown crop seeds, K₁, K₂ are experimental coefficients, value of which depends on the speed of the drive disk rotation. Cells on the drive disk are shifted relative to each other by half of its length and every of them has seed-capturing apron, the length of which is C=0.5 l. In the upper part of the sowing device there is made a connected with thee seed tube sowing window, in the zone of which, above the drive disk, there is installed a brush reflector-pusher. Besides, the wall of the seed box, opposite to the drive disk, is installed at an angle to a horizontal plane. Sowing disk is fixed on the drive shaft with the help of a key, and drive shaft supports serve as plain bearings.

EFFECT: invention allows to ensure higher accuracy of sowing and reliability of operation, while the design is simplified.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines for seeders for sowing by the dotted-nesting method of seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons.

Known sowing apparatus for precise sowing of cotton seeds and other crops, including a can for seeds, sowing and nest-forming discs, reflectors, ejectors and a drive mechanism, in which, for the purpose of nesting sowing of seeds at elevated speeds of movement of the aggregate, the cells on the sowing disk are arranged in groups, on a straight line lines at an angle to the radius, and the nest-forming disk is equipped with blades mounted at a certain angle to the radius, with ends bent in the direction of the radius (SU copyright certificate No. 190688, M.cl. A01C 7/18 , A01C 7/16).

Despite the fact that the sowing disk is capable of capturing and moving up to four seeds at the same time, and the nest-forming disk move them to the window, the seeds in the nests have a large mutual removal and the quantity not always supplied corresponds to four pieces. Along with this, the seeds are subjected to mechanical stress and injured. The outlines of the cells of the apparatus do not correspond to the size and shape of the seeds of melons and row crops.

A metering apparatus is also known, including a horizontally arranged mesh disk with a seed reflector, in which, in order to reduce damage to the seeds during sowing, the seed reflector is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk, closed by a casing in the non-working zone; for the purpose of driving the brush into rotation, the disk is provided with holes in which the teeth of the sprocket enter, which mesh with the sprocket attached to the brush; in order to clean the brush from dirt, a comb is installed on its casing (SU copyright certificate No. 375046, M.cl. A01C 1C 7/16).

In this sowing device, the design of a seed reflector deserves attention.

However, the apparatus itself is not able to form the supply of a group of seeds into one nest and does not provide sowing of swollen and sprouted seeds.

A metering apparatus is known, including a seed box with a visor at the front end surface, a drive sprocket for driving the seed conveyor, which rests on a pallet and has a tension sprocket. The conveyor has transverse rows of cells with active guides, and the sowing conveyor consists of a sleeve-roller chain, to the links of which there are plates with inserts having cells and active guides (Resource-saving soil-protective technology for mechanized cultivation and harvesting of melons: Tutorial (V.G. Abezin; Kalm. State university; Elista, 1993, 120 pp.).

The disadvantages of the apparatus include the use of a sleeve-roller chain on the sowing conveyor, which quickly wears out under conditions of dry friction, which leads to disruption of the apparatus. In addition, active guides do not provide 100% filling of the cells when lifting the seed on the guides when they are located across the cell, and the reflector allows injury to the germinated seeds.

Known sowing apparatus mainly for sowing seeds of melons, including a drive disk with cells formed on its periphery in groups, made in the form of seeds of the sowing culture, while the mesh disk is placed vertically in an airtight seed box with a protrusion made in its upper part in front of the sowing window, at the same time, on the periphery of the disk by means of axles having a return spring, rotary blades are mounted and fixed at an angle of 40 ... 50 ° to the plane of the disk, and the cells are placed on the last them, and the rotary blades are placed on the periphery of the disk in groups according to the number of seeds sown in the nest, on each blade a cell is made in the shape and size of the seed of the sown culture, at the bottom of the cell there are gutters and a drainage hole (RU, patent for invention No. 2305393 C1, IPC A01C 7/16).

The disadvantages of this metering device include low accuracy and reliability, complexity of the design.

This sowing device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The task to which the invention is directed is to increase the accuracy of seeding, simplify the design, increase the reliability of the work.

The technical result is the supply of a precisely specified number of seeds to the nest without damaging them.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the sowing apparatus for dashed-nesting sowing of row crops, vegetables and melons, including a drive disk with cells formed on its periphery in groups, made in the form of seeds of the sowing culture, and the mesh disk is placed vertically in an airtight seed box, according to the invention, the cells on the drive disk are made in accordance with the size of the sowing culture, the cell length l = l _{c max} + K ₁ , the cell width b = b _{c max} + K ₂ , the cell depth δ = δ _{s max} , where l _{c max} , b _{c max,} δ _{with max} - ma maximum DUTY length, width and thickness of the plated seed culture, K _1, K _2, - experimental coefficients, the magnitude of which depends on the drive disk rotational speed, each cell has semyazahvatny visor, whose length is C = 0,5 l, in the upper part of the sowing machine is provided sowing window, in the area of which a brush reflector-ejector is installed above the drive disk, the sowing window is connected to the vas deferens, the wall of the seed box opposite to the drive disk is installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, the sowing d ck is fixed on a drive shaft keyed, the drive shaft bearings are slide bearings, the cells on the drive disk has an offset relative to one another by half their length. The design of the sowing apparatus ensures the selection of seeds from the seed box according to the length, width and thickness of the seeds of the sowing culture, which allows to obtain high precision sowing. The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a metering apparatus, cross section.

In FIG. 2 is a view B in FIG. one.

FIG. 3 is a section AA in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 is a section bb in FIG. 3.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The sowing apparatus for dashed-nesting sowing of seeds of row crops, vegetables, and melons includes a sealed seed box 1, in the inner cavity of which there is a vertical vertical honeycomb disk 2 mounted on the drive shaft 3 with bearings on sliding bearings 4. On the peripheral part of the drive disk cell 5, in the upper part of the sowing apparatus a sowing window 6 is provided, in the area of which a brush reflector-ejector 8 is fixed above the drive disk 2 to the side wall 7 of the seed box 1. Sowing its window 6 is associated with the vas deferens 9. Each cell has an ovoid visor 10, the length of which is C = 0.5 l, where l is the length of the cell. The wall of the seed box 1, opposite to the drive disk 2, is installed at an angle to the horizontal plane. The sowing disk is fixed to the drive wave by the key 11. The cells on the drive disk 2 are placed offset from each other by half their length.

The cells on the drive disk are made according to the shape and size of the sowing culture and can be determined from the following relationships: cell length l = l _{c max} + K ₁ , cell width b = b _{c max} + K ₂ , cell depth σ = σ _{with max} , where l _{c max} , b _{c max} , δ _{c max} - the maximum length, width and thickness of the seeds of the sowing culture; K ₁ , K ₂ - experimental coefficients, the value of which depends on the speed of rotation of the drive disk.

Experimental studies of the sowing apparatus when sowing melons

K ₁ = 4.5 V, where

V is the speed of rotation of the drive disk m / s.

For cell width

K ₂ = 1.2 ... 1.6 mm.

Prevention of damage to the seeds requires that the leading edge of the ovoid visor 10 is rounded in radius.

The sowing apparatus for dashed-nesting sowing of seeds of row crops, vegetables and melons is as follows.

Sowing can be done with dry, soaked and sprouted seeds.

The best results were obtained when sowing with soaked and sprouted seeds (sprout height up to 1.0 mm). When sowing, the seed box is filled with seeds along with the water in which they are soaked. Most of the seeds of vegetable and melon crops have a flat shape, when exposed to lateral pressure from an inclined wall, the seeds will be pressed against the drive disk with a length-width plane, which contributes to the pick-up of the 10 cell of the seed and its direction into the cell 5. The seed that has sunk into the cell 5 does not may fall out of it, as it is held by a visor 10 and transported to the sowing window 6. Seeds located above the cell are removed with a brush reflector-ejector 8, and the bristles of the reflector-ejector act on the seeds, finding Esja in the cell, and push them into the seminal duct 9. Because of the staggered cell seeds in the nest located in phantom. The selection of seeds from the seed box according to the shape and size of the seeds of the sowing culture provides high precision sowing without damage to the seeds.

Claims (1)

Sowing apparatus for dashed-nesting sowing of row crops, vegetables and melons, comprising a drive disk with cells formed on its periphery in groups, made in the form of seeds of the sowing culture, placed vertically in an airtight seed box, characterized in that the cells are made in accordance with the sizes seeded culture, cell length l = l _{c max} + K ₁ , cell width b = b _{c max} + K ₂ , cell depth δ = δ _{s max} , where l _{c max} , b _{c max} , δ _{c max} - maximum length, width and the thickness of the plated seed culture, K _1, K ₂ - experimental e coefficients, the value of which depends on the speed of rotation of the drive disk, while the cells on the drive disk are placed offset from each other by half their length and each of them has an ovoid visor, the length of which is C = 0.5 l, and in the upper part of the sowing the apparatus has a sowing window conjugated with the seed tube, in the area of which a brush reflector-ejector is installed above the drive disk, in addition, the wall of the seed box opposite to the drive disk is installed at an angle to the horizontal plate -plane, seed disc fixed on the drive shaft spline, and supports the drive shaft are sliding bearings.

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