RU2411710C1 - Sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention may be used for piece and hill seeding. Sowing device includes ploughshare 9, body 1 and disk 2 installed in it to sow seeds with through holes. Disk 2 for seeds sowing is rigidly fixed on shaft with the possibility of rotation and has a limiting plate 6 with pushers, which is installed fixedly along inner side of specified disk to limit outflow of seeds from seed tube 8. Ploughshare 9, disk 2 for seeds sowing and limiting plate 6 are arranged as replaceable. For this purpose to realise hill seeding in one or several levels there is a disk 2 for sowing seeds with limiting plate 6 with three or more pushers of seeds from holes of disk 2 for seeds sowing and ploughshare 9, forming seed bed accordingly at one or various levels. In order to realise monoseed sowing at one level there is disk 2 to sow seeds with limiting plate 6 with one pusher and ploughshare 9, forming seed bed at one level. ^ EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase accuracy of sowing and to provide for possibility to realise monoseed and nest sowing of seeds at one or several levels. ^ 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for piece planting.

A tool for introducing bulk materials into the soil is known, including a frame with running wheels on which a metering device in the form of a drum is freely mounted on an axis. Holes are made in the rim of the drum with pivotally mounted spring-loaded buckets-dumpers having stops. A disk with a bracket and a roller is mounted on the drum axis, which interacts with the stops of the dumping buckets (SU 1014496 A, A01C 7/14, A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. A tool for introducing bulk materials into the soil). The proposed device does not provide for regulation of the seeding rate of the introduced material, in addition, it is difficult to manufacture and the initial flight speed of the seeds is much lower than the speed of the implement.

A sowing unit is known for a sowing unit, comprising a hopper and a vertical sowing disk mounted beneath it with cells around the circumference, at the ends of which are installed an elastic shut-off device and a support plate made in the form of disks with holes, the support plate being fixed to the disk shaft rigidly from the side opposite to the hopper (SU 1183012 A1, A01C 7/04, 10/07/1985).

However, this sowing apparatus has insufficient accuracy of sowing due to missed seeds in the corresponding cells as a result of caking and clogging of the space under the cells. In addition, due to the constant friction of the rotating disk with seeds, the latter are injured.

A sowing unit is known for a sowing unit, comprising a hopper and a vertical sowing disk mounted beneath it with cells in a circle, at the ends of which are installed an elastic cut-off and a supporting plate made in the form of disks with holes, the supporting plate being fixed to the disk shaft rigidly from the side opposite to the bunker , the sowing apparatus is equipped with an air supply leading to the exhaust gases from the tractor connected to the cutter openings communicating through the disc cells with openings on support plate, which are connected to the seed vault of the coulter, while the cells on the disk are made at an angle to its rim, the hopper is divided by a partition into two sections, which are equipped with tedders sitting on the same shaft driven by the seed disc shaft, but having a rotational speed greater than the shaft speed disk, and on the last there are additional cells for mineral fertilizers, moreover, cells for seeds of the sowing disk are located under the section of the hopper with seeds, and cells of the cutter are located under the section of the hopper with convenient rhenium, the cutter and the supporting plate are equipped with springs and clamps (RU 2081543 C1, 6 АСС 7/04, 06/20/1997). However, this sowing apparatus does not allow to produce piecewise sowing of seeds with peripheral speeds equal to the speeds of the unit.

In case of piece sowing, there is a significant difference in the speed of the unit and the initial flight speed of the seed. Since the initial speed of the sowing material is directed in the opposite direction of the movement of the aggregate and it is smaller in absolute value, rolling of the sown material in the wake of the aggregate is observed on the bed prepared by the coulter, which in turn leads to uneven sowing along the length of the row and, as a consequence, a decrease in yield.

In order to increase productivity, the task is to increase the accuracy of sowing by aligning the initial peripheral flight speed of the seeds and the linear speed of the unit, while the design of the device allows sowing by the nesting method at one or several levels.

To accomplish this task, a device has been developed consisting of a housing 1 (Fig. 1, 2), in which a disk 2 is installed. In the disk 2, through holes 3 and a guide slot 4 are made (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6). The disk 2 is rigidly attached to the shaft 5, which is designed to rotate the disk 2 in the housing 1. On the inner side of the disk 2 there is a fixed restrictive plate 6 with several or one ejector 7 (Figs. 1, 2, 9), which limits the flow of seeds from the vas deferens 8 attached to the housing 1. On the bottom side to the housing 1 is attached a removable opener 9 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

The proposed device for sowing works as follows.

When the removable coulter 9 moves in the soil, a seed bed is formed at one or several levels. In this case, the disk 2 is rotated through the shaft 5. The seeds loaded into the hopper (not shown), enter through the seed tube 8 into the internal cavity of the disk 2 and are limited from spilling to the soil by the housing 1, the restrictive plate 6 and the seed tube 8. When the disk 2 is rotated, the seeds under the action of centrifugal force fill the through holes 3 in the disk 2 and go to the place of unloading - the lower part of the housing 1, where it falls on the prepared seed bed (Fig.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

For guaranteed filling of the through holes 3 in the disk 2, a guide slot 4 is made on the inside, which forms a row of seeds when filling the through holes 3. When the seeds are jammed and further rotated in the through holes 3, they run onto the ejector (ejectors) 7 of the restriction plate 6, after which is forcibly dropped onto the seed bed.

If necessary, a deep-seated nesting sowing of seeds using a removable opener 9, shown in Fig.1, 2, the disk 2 shown in Fig.7 and the restriction plate 6 with three or more ejectors 7 (Fig.1, 2).

If necessary, sowing the nesting method at the same depth using a removable opener 9, shown in Fig.3, 4, the disk 2 shown in Fig.7 and the restriction plate 6 with three or more ejectors 7 (Fig.1, 2).

If necessary, single-seeded sowing use a removable opener 9, shown in Fig.5, 6, the disk 2 shown in Fig.8 and the restriction plate 6 with one ejector 7 (Fig.9).

The proposed device for sowing will provide a uniform distribution of seeds along the row, which will increase the yield.

Information sources

1.SU 1014496 A1, 3 A01C 7/14, 3 A01C 15/16, 08/13/1981. A tool for applying bulk materials to the soil.

2. SU 1183012 A1, A01C 7/04, 10/07/1985. Pneumatic metering unit.

3. RU 2081543 C1, 6 A01C 7/04, 06/20/1997. The sowing unit of the sowing unit.

Claims (1)

A device for sowing seeds, comprising a coulter, a housing in which a disk for sowing seeds with through holes is mounted, rigidly mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation and having a restrictive plate with ejectors mounted motionless on the inner side of the disk for sowing seeds, restricting the flow of seeds from the vas deferens characterized in that the opener, the disk for sowing seeds and the restrictive plate are interchangeable, while for the implementation of nesting sowing of seeds in one or more levels foreseen a disk for sowing seeds with a restrictive plate with three or more ejectors of seeds from the holes of the disk for sowing seeds and a coulter forming a seed bed, respectively, at one or different levels, and for single-seeded sowing at the same level, a disk for sowing seeds with a restrictive plate with one ejector and opener, forming the seed bed at the same level.

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