RU2472333C2 - Universal device for planting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machinery industry, in particular to devices for single and bunch planting. The device for planting comprises a removable shovel and a housing in which a disc is mounted. Through openings are made in the disk, and it is firmly attached to the shaft with the ability of rotation in the housing. Along the inner side of the disc a restrictive plate is rigidly mounted with multiple or one pusher, limiting outflow of seeds from the drill tube attached to the housing. Two bearing driving wheels are mounted on the shaft with rigidly fixed disk.

EFFECT: invention for planting enables to increase the accuracy of sowing due to aligning the initial circumferential speed of flight of seeds and the linear speed of the unit, and to carry out bunch planting on one or more levels.

11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for piece seeding.

A tool for introducing bulk materials into the soil is known, including a frame with running wheels on which a metering device in the form of a drum is freely mounted on an axis. Holes are made in the rim of the drum with pivotally mounted spring-loaded buckets-dumpers having stops. A disk with a bracket and a roller is installed on the drum axis, which interacts with the stops of the dumping buckets [SU 1014496 A1, 5 A01C 7/14, A01C 15/16, 04/30/1983]. Tool for applying bulk materials to the soil]. The proposed device does not provide for regulation of the seeding rate of the introduced material, in addition, it is difficult to manufacture and the initial flight speed of the seeds is much lower than the speed of the implement.

A sowing unit is known for a sowing unit, comprising a hopper and a vertical sowing disk mounted beneath it with cells around the circumference, at the ends of which are installed an elastic shut-off device and a support plate made in the form of disks with holes, the support plate being fixed to the disk shaft rigidly from the side opposite to the hopper [SU 1183012 A1, 4 A01C 7/04, 10/07/1985].

However, this sowing apparatus has insufficient accuracy of sowing due to missed seeds in the corresponding cells as a result of caking and clogging of the space under the cells. In addition, due to the constant friction of the rotating disk with seeds, the latter are injured.

A sowing unit is known for a sowing unit, comprising a hopper and a vertical sowing disk mounted beneath it with cells in a circle, at the ends of which are installed an elastic cut-off and a supporting plate made in the form of disks with holes, the supporting plate being fixed to the disk shaft rigidly from the side opposite to the bunker , the sowing device is equipped with an air supply leading to the exhaust gases from the tractor connected to the cutter openings communicating through disc cells with openings on support plate, which are connected to the seed vault of the coulter, while the cells on the disk are made at an angle to its rim, the hopper is divided by a partition into two sections, which are equipped with tedders sitting on the same shaft driven by the seed disc shaft, but having a rotational speed greater than the shaft speed disk, and on the last additional cells for mineral fertilizers are made. In this case, the cells for seeds of the sowing disk are located under the section of the hopper with seeds, and the cells of the cutter are located under the section of the hopper with fertilizers, the cutter and the supporting plate are equipped with springs and clamps [RU 2081543 C1, 6 A01C 7/04, 06/20/1997]. However, this sowing apparatus does not allow to produce piece seeding of seeds with peripheral speeds equal to the speeds of the unit.

In case of piece sowing, there is a significant difference in the speed of the unit and the initial flight speed of the seed. Since the initial speed of the sowing material is directed in the opposite direction of the movement of the aggregate and it is smaller in absolute value, rolling of the sown material after the aggregate is observed on the bed prepared by the coulter, which in turn leads to uneven sowing along the length of the row and, as a result, to reduce yield. In addition, the yield is affected by the quality of the introduced seed material, including mechanical damage to the seeds obtained during sowing.

In order to increase productivity, the task is to increase the accuracy of sowing by aligning the initial peripheral flight speed of seeds with the linear speed of the device, while not excluding the possibility of using as a manual device for sowing.

To accomplish this task, a device for sowing has been developed, consisting of a housing 1 (Figs. 1, 2), in which a disk 2 is installed. In the disk 2, through holes 3 and a guide or guide slots 4 are made in one or more rows in a circle (Fig. 1, 2, 7, 8). The disk 2 is rigidly attached to the shaft 5 (figure 2, 7, 8, 10), which is designed to rotate the disk 2 in the housing 1. On the inner side of the disk 2 is fixedly fixed plate 6 with one or more ejectors 7 (figure 1, 2, 9), which restricts the flow of seeds from the vas deferens 8, attached to the housing 1. On the bottom side to the housing 1 is attached a removable opener 9 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10), and on the side between the body 1 and the vas deferens 8 is installed with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction and fixing the adjustment plate 10. Cro e of the shaft 5 with a firmly fixed disk 2 (Figure 2) fixed two supporting-wheel drive 11, the diameters of which are equal to or approximately equal to the diameter of the disc 2, which will provide initial alignment of the peripheral speed of flight of seeds at a linear velocity for sowing device. To move the device for sowing, a handle 12 is provided, connected to the housing 1 (Figs. 1, 2). For loading seeds, the seed tube 8 is provided with a cover 13. The proposed device is made with the possibility of installation in a four-link 14 with two wheels 15 of the sowing section for use in seeders, and in front of the four-link 14 there is a disk knife 16, connected or not connected with the four-link 14, adjusted to a depth seeding, while the disk 2 is configured to drive from one of the wheels 15 through the shaft 5 using a chain drive.

The proposed device for sowing works as follows.

When dragging the handle 12 interchangeable opener 9 in the soil forms a seed bed in one or more levels. In this case, the support-drive wheels 11 are rotated (Fig. 2), which are rigidly connected through the shaft 5 to the disk 2. The seeds enter through the vas deferens 8 into the internal cavity of the disk 2 and are limited from spilling to the soil by the housing 1, the restriction plate 6 and the vas deferens 8, at the same time, the filling of the internal volume, limited by the disk 2 by the housing 1 and the vas deferens 8, is regulated by moving to the required height, followed by fixing the adjustment plate 10 (Figs.

When the disk 2 rotates, its guide slots 4 prepare the seed material for filling into the through holes 3, after which they are filled, and each cell contains one seed.

Seeds that do not fill the cells are discharged from disk 2 into the free space of the internal volume bounded by disk 2, housing 1, and vas deferens 8, while the damage to the seeds will be minimal.

With accidental jamming and further rotation of the seeds in the through holes 3, they run onto the ejector (ejectors) 7 of the restriction plate 6, after which they are forcibly dropped onto the seed bed.

Seeds that fill the cells, arrive at the place of unloading - the lower part of the housing 1, where they fall on the prepared seed bed (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

To use the proposed device for direct sowing, it is installed in a four-link 14 with two wheels 15, in front of which a disk knife 16 is installed and a seeded section of a direct seeder is mounted, which is aggregated, for example, with a tractor, and the section drive is provided from the seeder drive wheels or one of the wheels 15 of the section (Fig.11). In this case, the adjustment of the depth of seeding is provided by moving in the vertical direction of the proposed device relative to the wheels 15 of the four-link 14.

Another of the proposed layout options of the proposed device is the option when the proposed device is made with the possibility of installation in four-link 14 with two wheels 15 of the sowing section. In this case, the drive of the disk 2 is provided from one of the wheels 15 (for example, by means of a chain transmission), while there is no disk knife 16 in front of the four link 14, and the section is driven by the muscular power of a person by the handle 12, and the depth of seeding is adjusted by moving in the vertical the direction of the proposed device relative to the wheels 15 of the four link 14.

If necessary, deep-seated nesting seeding of seeds using a removable opener 9, shown in Fig.1, 2, the disk 2, shown in Fig.7, and the restriction plate 6 with three or more ejectors 7 (Fig.1, 2).

If necessary, sowing the nesting method at the same depth using a removable opener 9, shown in Fig.3, 4, the disk 2, shown in Fig.7, and the restriction plate 6 with three or more ejectors 7 (Fig.1, 2).

If necessary, single-seeded sowing use a removable opener 9, shown in Fig.5, 6, disk 2, shown in Fig.8, and the restriction plate 6 with one ejector 7 (Fig.9).

The proposed universal device for sowing has the ability to aggregate (figure 1, 2), and it will ensure uniform distribution of seeds along the row, which will increase the yield.

Information sources

1.SU 1014496 A1, 5 A01C 7/14, 3 A01C 15/16, 04/30/1983. A tool for applying bulk materials to the soil.

2. SU 1183012 A1, 4 A01C 7/04, 10/07/1985. Pneumatic metering unit.

3. RU 2081543 C1, 6 A01C 7/04, 06/20/1997. The sowing unit of the sowing unit.

Claims (1)

A universal sowing device, including a removable opener, a housing in which the disk is installed, through holes are made in the disk, in addition, the disk is rigidly attached to the shaft with the possibility of rotation of the disk in the housing, and a fixed restriction plate with several or with one ejector, restricting the flow of seeds from the vas deferens attached to the body, characterized in that two supporting drive wheels are attached to the shaft with a rigidly fixed disk, the diameters of which at ERNO equal to the diameter of the disc.

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