RU2482437C2 - Plant for recycling of military load fittings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: plant for recycling comprises the following components mounted in a process sequence and communicating to each other: a chamber, where a detachable armoured localiser is mounted, being connected with an induction heater, and devices of membrane and sorption filtration of effluent gases from a chamber equipped with gateways of unit automatic loading of cassettes, which carry processed items, and discharge of burning wastes, which adjoin the tubular localiser. The device of membrane filtration is made in the form of a labyrinth membrane from blocked metal gauzes of various porosity. Between two devices of sorption filters equipped with loose active coal, there is a catalytic reactor, comprising a gas discharge unit and a catalytic latticed panel.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of treatment of gases exhausted from a combustion chamber.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of solid waste destruction by burning, and more particularly to structures containing a furnace with a separate combustion chamber having electric heating, and means for filtering exhaust gases. It can be used in the disposal of shells, mines, grenades, fuses, capsules, etc., including detonation, powder and pyrotechnic equipment.

The level of this technical field is characterized by the installation for the disposal of warhead equipment, equipped with a module for cleaning exhaust gases generated by combustion, described in patent RU No. 102092, F23G 5/16, 2010, which is selected as the closest in technical essence and in the number of matching features analogue of the proposed installation.

A known installation for disposing of warheads by burning equipment contains a furnace, including a chamber, inside of which an armored detachable tubular localizer is mounted on an electromagnetic inductor to accommodate a cartridge with processed products.

Coaxial to the localizer on the outside of the camera, a piece-by-piece cassette feeding mechanism is installed through the loading gateway.

On the opposite side of the localizer, a gateway for unloading waste from waste is mounted in the garbage container.

The tubular localizer is reinforced with an armor brace and is closed by end armored strikers mounted on a movably mounted cover.

The installation chamber is connected by a pipeline to a gas purification module, which contains a membrane and sorption filtering device for exhaust gases forced to move by means of an exhaust fan.

The disadvantage of this complex installation of purification of exhaust gases is the unsatisfactory quality of filtration of harmful and toxic substances that are contained in the structure of the equipment or are formed during its combustion, which does not exclude their unacceptable partial release into the atmosphere. This drawback limits the practical use of an integrated production facility for the disposal of a wide range of warheads with a variety of equipment.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to improve the well-known installation for the disposal of warhead equipment, providing an improvement in the quality of purification of gases generated by combustion from harmful impurities and increasing functional reliability while expanding its technological capabilities.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known installation for the disposal of warhead equipment containing mounted in a technological sequence communicating with each other chamber, which is mounted detachable armored localizer associated with an induction heater, and a membrane and sorption filtering of exhaust gases from a chamber equipped with piece locks automatic loading of cartridges carrying processed products, and unloading of combustion waste that are adjacent to the tubular locale congestion, characterized in that the membrane filtration device is made in the form of a labyrinth diaphragm from interlocked metal grids of different cellularity, and a catalytic reactor is installed between two sorption filter devices equipped with bulk activated carbon, including a gas discharge unit and a catalytic grating panel, and the sorption filtration device, located between the labyrinth diaphragm and the catalytic reactor, made of a set of interchangeable transverse sections, the output confuser of which oobschaetsya with process air supply pipe, and each device sorption filter mounted between the finishing stage membrane filters.

Distinctive features made it possible to carry out more efficient cleaning of warheads containing localized combustion equipment containing harmful and poisonous substances leaving the chamber through the use of integrated filtration tools and combined physicochemical effects with active quality control.

The implementation of the membrane filtration device in the form of a labyrinth diaphragm from interlocked metal grids of different cellularity provides flame retardant of hot particles that adhere to the wire mesh, and the gas flow distributed in the labyrinth channels formed by the displacement of the cells of adjacent grids, which are more thinly cooled, thinner and mixed to precipitate solids in the diffuser at the inlet of the sorption filter.

The installation of the installation with two sorption filtration devices with a catalytic reactor between them is aimed at improving the quality of complex gas purification from harmful impurities by phasing them on a developed surface of granular activated carbon with intermediate structuring and transformation of pollutants by physicochemical effects in the presence of a catalyst.

The catalytic reactor allows high-frequency electric arc pulses in the gas-discharge block to fragment the molecules of harmful inclusions into reactive clusters that are in an excited state, which are actively oxidized by the ozone generated from air oxygen to neutral products on its catalytic gas-permeable panel.

The implementation of the first sorption filtration device in the form of removable transverse sections filled with bulk activated carbon allows to increase the efficiency of gas purification due to the controlled renewal and rotation of the sorbent in removable sections where the concentration of harmful substances is maximum.

The connection of the output confuser with the process air supply pipe provides saturation, if required, of the pre-purified exhaust gas with oxygen, which is necessary for the oxidation of the products of the fragmentation of harmful substances molecules by physicochemical exposure to high-frequency pulses in a gas-arc electric spark gap equipped with a reaction catalytic panel.

Placing each device of the sorption filters of the finishing stage between the membrane (paper) filters provides a fine purification of gases at the outlet of the installation, delaying the remains of solid inclusions, including coal sorbent.

The proposed installation is a comprehensive automatic line for a complete utilization cycle by burning various warhead equipment with the neutralization and localization of structural and generated harmful substances.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the problem posed in the invention is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which have a purely illustrative purpose and do not limit the scope of the claims of the formula.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the installation, diagram;

figure 2 - camera, vertical section;

figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 2;

figure 4 - localizer;

figure 5 - the cover of the localizer;

figure 6 - module for cleaning exhaust gases;

Fig.7 - step conveyor feed cassettes.

In the proposed production line, equipment of small-caliber artillery shells, mines, grenades, capsules, fuses, fuses, pyrotechnic charges, etc., stacked in a burning cartridge, which is an assembly piece unit processed in the full-cycle warhead utilization process stream, is destroyed by burning flue gas cleaning.

The process stream (Fig. 1) includes a chamber 1 with an armored detachable localizer 2 mounted inside on an electromagnetic heater - inductor 3 connected to a network current source 4.

The chamber 1 through a pipe 5 communicates with sequentially mounted devices 6 - membrane labyrinth, 7 - sectional adsorber, 8 - catalytic reactor and 9 - finish filtering cascade, interconnected, and with an exhaust fan 10.

To the ends of the tubular localizer 2 (Figs. 1, 2, 3), a gateway 11 for loading process cassettes and a gateway 12 for unloading waste waste are installed, installed in hatches 13, 14, which are closed by slide gate valves 15 and 16, respectively.

The gate valves 15, 16 are mounted on the rods 17, 18 of the corresponding pneumatic cylinders 19, 20.

The tubular localizer 2 (Fig. 4) is reinforced with a bandage 21, which is made of armor plates 22 rigidly fastened together with central holes with a diameter for locating the locator 2. The armored plates 22 tightly compress the tubular locator 2, forming a power tunnel where the cassette with the machined products.

To the inclined ends of the localizer 2 adjoin the wedge armored strikers 23, mounted on a movable cover 24, which is mounted on the rod 25 of the pneumatic cylinder 26 of its reciprocating movement inside the chamber 1 (Figs. 1, 2, 3).

The cover 24 (Fig. 5) is made perforated through perforations distributed around the perimeter 27, and these holes 27 at the ends of the cover 24 are associated with inclined channels 28 in the armored strikers 23, which are mounted on the ends of the cover 24 with the possibility of removal and replacement as the dynamic wear from actions of fragments, shock and detonation waves arising from the operation of destroyed warheads.

Thus, the internal volume of the localizer 2 closed by the adjoining cover 24 is switched with a multiple of the volume of the chamber 1, which makes it possible to relieve the sharply increasing pressure of gaseous products generated during the combustion of the equipment, damping the dynamic load, which prevents the occurrence of critical breaking stresses in the localizer 2.

A pneumatic cylinder 29 is installed on the housing of the chamber 1, the rod 30 of which acts as a stopper, kinematically closing the rod 25 of the pneumatic cylinder 26, thereby fixing the working position of the cover 24 on the localizer 2.

A step feeder 31 of the cassettes adjoins the hatch 13, sequentially positioning them coaxially to the gateway 13 for piecewise supply to the localizer 2 by means of a pusher 32 — the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 33, which has three positions: the initial (right in the drawing) and two workers of different travels for feeding the cassette to the localizer 2 and (after reverse) further expelling from it the waste from the previous incineration, respectively.

At the end of the push rod 32, a disk ruff 34 of radially spaced elastic wires is fixed.

The step feeder 31 (Fig. 7) is made in the form of a clamshell shifter, the feed rail 35 of which is connected to the drive 37 through the crank mechanisms 36. On the rail 35, which is placed in the longitudinal groove of the support platform of the feeder 31, the prisms 38 are distributed with an equal pitch cassette stacking.

Under the funnel-gateway 12 on the outside of the chamber 1 is installed coaxial container 39 for collecting solid waste disposal.

The module for cleaning exhaust gases from the chamber 1 (Fig. 6, 1), which is switched by means of pipeline 5, is characterized by the presence of multifunctional and multi-stage filtration devices 6–9, interconnected into a single complex, equipped with a common exhaust fan 10.

The membrane filtration device 6 includes several consecutive blocks 40 assembled from variable mesh cellular meshes, which forms labyrinth channels distributed over the entire flow section of the diaphragm filter with increased gas-dynamic resistance.

In device 6, the flame retardation of the condensed phase of the filtered gas stream takes place, which, being divided into thin jets in the cells of metal grids, is actively cooled due to convective heat transfer, as well as during braking and turning the jets in labyrinths. In this case, solid suspended particles settle and adhere to the wire mesh.

In the sectional sorption filtration device 7, harmful substances are absorbed from the gas stream on the developed surface of granular activated carbon 41 (bulk adsorbent). Due to the high filtering load, this device 7 is made of autonomous sections 42, gas permeable and removable across the stream to replace as they become dirty with new sections 42 with clean activated carbon 41.

At the outlet confuser of the filtration device 7, a pipe 43 for supplying additional air, an oxidizing oxygen supplier to the catalytic reactor 8, is mounted.

At the inlet of the reactor 8, a paper cartridge filter 44 is installed, which mechanically cleans the gas stream before being fed to the gas discharge unit 45, where, under the action of high-frequency barrier-streamer electric pulsed discharges, the molecules of pollutants are mechanically crushed into clusters that are in an excited state and are formed from oxygen air ozone.

Then, on the gas-permeable lattice catalytic panel 46, oxidation by oxygen and ozone of 8 clusters formed in the reactor to the final neutral substances (CO ₂ , H ₂ O) takes place actively.

The purified gas is then piped through 47 to a device 9 of a cascade of sorption filters, each of which includes a bulk layer of activated carbon 41 located between the membrane filters 48, which provides a fine purification of gases from inclusions and prevents the entrainment of particles of the sorbent 41.

The sequence of operations and technological modes of operation of the production line are carried out automatically from the control device 49 from signals from the position sensors of the structural elements according to a program that interacts with the readings of the active control.

The heating temperature of the inductor 3, which initiates the ignition of the equipment inside the localizer 2, is controlled by the control device 49 by the intensity of the cold air blowing from the external compressor through the pipeline 50 (Fig.3).

The installation operates as follows.

When the "Start" button of the control device 49 is pressed, the current source 4 is turned on, which feeds the winding of the inductor 3 and the exhaust fan 10 of the gas treatment module, which communicates via a pipe 5 with the chamber 1.

The pusher 32 of the pneumatic cylinder 33 cassette with the stacked products is fed from the coaxial prisms 38 of the rails 35 of the clamshell translator, through the tubular hatch 11 of the chamber 1, into the open locator 2 (when the cover 24 is located in the highest position).

After that, the pusher 32 returns to its original position at the command of the limit switch of the directional control system (not shown conditionally).

Next, the slide gate valves 15 and 16 block the hatches 13 and 14, isolating the chamber 1, and the cover 24 with the stroke of the rod 25 of the pneumatic cylinder 26 is lowered to its lowest position, where its wedge armored strikers 23 are adjacent to the inclined ends of the localizer 2 and overlap its central tunnel channel, where the processed cartridge is located.

In this case, the rod 30 of the pneumatic cylinder 29 kinematically closes the rod 25, being installed in its groove, and fixes the position of the cover 24 when its armor strikers 23 overlap the localizer 2, together with the bandage 21, forming a power armor shell.

When the temperature reaches 400-600 ° C inside the localizer 2, heated by convective heat transfer from the inductor 3, the equipment ignites and / or detonates in the cartridge, as a result of which they burn out. The completion of the combustion process is judged by the readings of pressure and vibration sensors that are recorded in the electronic media of the control device 49.

Generated gaseous products of combustion of warhead equipment in the cartridge under pressure through the through holes 27 of the cover 24 are discharged into the chamber 1, from which they are sucked by an exhaust fan 10 through a pipe 5 into the gas purification module.

The fragments generated by the detonation of blasting warhead equipment are reflected by fenders 23 and remain inside the localizer 2, since their dispersion is prevented by the inclination of the communication channels 28 with the outlet openings 27.

After a predetermined holding time, the stopper 30 releases the rod 25 and the cover 24 returns to its original position, the bumpers 23 of which open the central channel of the localizer 2.

The gaseous combustion products of the warhead equipment in the localizer 2 are forcibly removed from the chamber 1 and sequentially undergo multi-stage multi-factor cleaning.

In the labyrinth distributed channels of the diaphragms formed in a series of consecutive blocks 40 from a set of metal grids with variable cell sizes, the main selection of the solid phase of the exhaust aerosol, mechanical filtering of the gaseous products of combustion of the equipment, takes place.

Fine and gaseous inclusions in the gas stream adsorb activated carbon 41, filling the exchangeable sections 42 of the filter device 7.

In the device 8, containing the gas discharge unit 45 and the catalytic grating panel 46, a physicochemical effect on harmful inclusions is carried out, as a result of which they are transformed into neutral products of complete oxidation.

Further, the purified gases enter the cascade device 9 for final sorption treatment of the exhaust gases in successive layers of activated carbon 41 placed between membrane filters 48 each, which mechanically trap fine solid particles, including dust particles of sorbent 41.

Fully purified process air, with traces of inclusions, the content is significantly lower than the established MPC standards, exhaust fan 10 is released into the atmosphere.

After that, the gate valves 15, 16 open the hatches 13, 14, respectively, and then the pusher 32 with the pneumatic cylinder 33 moves into the chamber 1, to the extreme left position according to the drawing, where it pushes out solid residues from the localizer 2 after being burned into the funnel-gateway 12 and then to container 39. At the same time, with the disk ruff 34 the tunnel channel of the localizer 2 is cleaned of soot, adhering solid particles and fragments to continue working.

After the pusher 32 is reversed, the drive 37 of the step feeder 31 is turned on, as a result of which the crank 35 of the rail 35 with the cartridges carrying warheads mounted on the prisms 38 rises above the support platform and moves one step to the right according to the drawing, where it rests on the original level.

As a result of these spatial movements, the cassettes are shifted by a step and laid on a support in the next position, the first of the cassettes occupying an alignment with the center line of the camera 1.

Rail 35 returns under the platform to its original position.

Next, the cycle of work is repeated.

Thus, the described installation provides full automation of the process of destruction by burning in an armored locator a passage-type weapon of warheads, provided with complex stepwise and multifunctional cleaning of the exhaust gases from the working chamber in an autonomous filtration module, with the accompanying physicochemical effect on harmful inclusions, which significantly increased the efficiency gas purification.

The proposed complex installation, a simple explosion-proof design, is technologically advanced in manufacture and maintenance, functionally reliable for its intended purpose.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for the specialist in ammunition disposal, showed that it is unknown, and given the possibility of practical serial production of the installation in the current production, we can conclude that the patentability criteria are met.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for the disposal of warhead equipment, comprising a process-assembled chamber communicating with each other, where a detachable armored locator connected to an induction heater is mounted, and a membrane and sorption filtering system for exhaust gases from a chamber equipped with locks for piece-wise automatic loading of cartridges carrying processed products , and discharging combustion waste that are adjacent to the tubular localizer, characterized in that the membrane filtration device made in the form of a labyrinth diaphragm from interlocked metal grids of different cellularity, and between two sorption filter devices equipped with bulk activated carbon, a catalytic reactor was installed, including a gas discharge unit and a catalytic grating panel. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorption filtration device located between the labyrinth diaphragm and the catalytic reactor is made of a set of interchangeable transverse sections, the output confuser of which communicates with the process air supply pipe, and each sorption filter device of the final stage is mounted between membrane filters.

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