RU2307255C1 - Method of and device for accomplishing working cycles of rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comes to displacement of compression blade in compression chamber and filling said chamber with fresh charge of fuel-air mixture. Fuel-air mixture filling compression chamber during previous cycle is pressure-fed into combustion chamber, is compressed in this chamber and is ignited. Expanding gases in working chamber separated by ridges from compression chamber press on working blade providing its working stroke and rotation of rotor. Waste gases of previous working cycle are forced out. In proposed method use is made of stop mechanisms to fix compression and working blades. Working blade is fixed when it passes by ridge separating in motion working chamber from compression chamber, with release of compression blade and keeping compression and working blades in this state when they pass compression chamber to following ridge in direction of motion at passing of which working blade is released and compression blade is fixed and this state of compression and working blades is preserved at passing working chamber to following ridge in direction of movement, and working cycle is thus completed. To execute proposed method, rotary internal combustion engine contains body, shaft, disk and ring construction units arranged in body for relative rotation. Disk construction unit has disk with slots accommodating compression and working blades installed for reciprocating, between which combustion chambers are arranged. Ring construction unit includes coaxial cylindrical tubular members of larger and smaller diameters, respectively, between which ring member with wavy surface forming ridges and valleys is placed. Wavy surface of ring member is pointed to end face surface of slotted disk and forms compression and working chambers together with outer surface of cylindrical tubular member of smaller diameter and inner surface of cylindrical tubular member of larger diameter, chambers being divided by ridges of ring member with wavy surface. Intake and outlet channels are made in ridges of ring member with wavy surface, alternating through one ridge. Each compression and working blade is spring-loaded by means of elastic element relative to disk with slots or body. Stop mechanisms are placed inside body to fix compression and working blades in required position relative to slotted disk.

EFFECT: increased compression ratio of fuel-air mixture, effectiveness of its use, efficiency of engine, reduced vibration loads.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and, in particular, to engine building.

There is a method of implementing the duty cycle of a rotary internal combustion engine (ICE), in which the blade is moved in the compression chamber and a part of this compression chamber is filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, while the fuel-air mixture is compressed in its other part, filling the compression chamber in the previous cycle. Using a channel system in the stator and rotor, the compressed air-fuel mixture is transferred to the working chamber, part of which is currently used as a combustion chamber, the air-fuel mixture is ignited and the expanding gases are pressed onto the blade, providing its working stroke, while displacing exhaust gases from the working chamber previous cycle, US 4,401,070.

The disadvantage of this method is the fact that part of the ignited mixture is returned to the compression zone using the same channels in the stator and rotor, which reduces the effectiveness of this method.

There is also known a method of implementing the duty cycle of a rotary engine, in which by moving the compression blade in the compression chamber, fill it with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture. At the same time, compressing, they inject the air-fuel mixture, which filled the compression chamber in the previous cycle. The air-fuel mixture is ignited and the expanding gases in the working chamber are pressed against the working blade and this ensures the ICE working stroke. At the same time, the exhaust gases of the previous cycle, US 5429084, are displaced from the working chamber by a moving working blade.

This method of implementing the duty cycle of a rotary engine is adopted as a prototype of the present invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inefficient use of compressed air-fuel mixture in the duty cycle. This is due to the fact that a significant part of the ignited air-fuel mixture is released into the atmosphere through the working chamber and the exhaust channel from the opposite spark plug of the rotor side. In addition, in the duty cycle only part of the volume of the air-fuel mixture enclosed between adjacent blades is compressed, which leads to a low compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture and also reduces the effectiveness of this method.

The objective of the present invention, in terms of the method, is to increase the compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture and increase the efficiency of its use.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the duty cycle in the rotary ICE is carried out due to the fact that by moving the compression blade in the compression chamber, it is filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, while in the combustion chamber, it is pumped and compresses the air-fuel mixture filling the compression chamber in the previous cycle, ignite the air-fuel mixture and in the working chamber, separated by ridges from the compression chamber, expanding gases press on the working blade, ensuring its operation the stroke and rotation of the rotor, while displacing the exhaust gases of the previous working cycle, the new one is that locking mechanisms are used to fix the compression and working blades, they fix the working blade when the blade passes through the ridge that separates the working chamber from the compression chamber in the direction of travel, while freeing the compression vane from fixation and maintaining this state of the compression and working blades when they pass the compression chamber to the next along the ridge, with the passage of which release the working blade from fixation and fix the compression blade, preserving this state of the compression and working blades when they pass the working chamber to the next ridge along the movement, and this completes the work cycle.

The applicant has not identified solutions that are identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Thanks to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the present invention, in conjunction with the features given in the restrictive part of the claims, new important properties of the claimed object are achieved. Each compression blade compresses the air-fuel mixture from the entire volume of the compression chamber, significantly increasing the compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture; exclude mixing of the fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture with the exhaust gases, since the combustion chamber is not connected to the channels on the opposite side of the rotor from the spark plug.

As a result, the efficiency of the work cycle is significantly increased.

These circumstances determine, according to the applicant, the compliance of the present invention with the criterion of "inventive step".

To implement the method of implementing the duty cycle of the present invention, a rotary internal combustion engine is provided.

A rotary internal combustion engine (ICE) is known, comprising a stator, in which two cavities are formed by cylindrical surfaces of different diameters, interconnected by channels and in one of which a rotor with combustion chambers is placed, in the other a rotor, in the radial grooves of which the blades are located, and which this rotor divides into compression and working zones, FR 1302333 A.

The disadvantage of this device is that the ignition of the air-fuel mixture is produced in an isolated volume of the combustion chamber with a sharp increase in pressure and temperature, leading to rapid wear of parts and materials exposed to these factors. At the same time, the effective use of the pressure of the burnt gases is relatively short, since the passage of the combustion chamber through the channel connecting it to the working zone is short, which leads to a low coefficient of performance (COP). Later ignition of the air-fuel mixture during the passage by the combustion chamber of the channel connecting it to the working chamber reduces the compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture before it ignites, which also leads to low efficiency. In addition, a sharp decrease in the compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture is possible if, by the time the combustion chamber passes through the channel connecting it to the working area, the corresponding blade has not yet blocked the path to the exhaust pipe for the air-fuel mixture.

An internal combustion engine is known, comprising a housing with end caps and a rotor located on the shaft, consisting of an inner cylinder, an outer rim and a partition perpendicular to the axis of the shaft and parallel to the end caps in the space between the outer rim and the inner cylinder. The partition divides the rotor into two parts along the axis of the shaft, forming compression chambers on one side of it and working chambers on the other side, and grooves are made in the partition, in which the blades are placed with the possibility of reciprocating movement parallel to the shaft axis between equidistant curved internal surfaces end caps. ICE also contains combustion chambers and an external pipe connecting compression chambers and combustion chambers, RU 2266413.

The disadvantage of an internal combustion engine is the fact that the compression chambers are connected to the combustion chambers by an external pipeline and to create a given compression ratio in the combustion chambers it is necessary to create the same compression ratio in the entire volume of the external pipeline (in length commensurate with the axial dimension of the internal combustion engine, and in volume - with a unit volume of the combustion chamber). In addition, in the proposed design there is a continuous rotation of the combustion chambers, which, on the one hand, limits the time of arrival of compressed air and its amount into the combustion chamber from the compression chamber through an external pipe, and secondly, limits the time of arrival of expanding gases into the working chamber, in particular , taking into account the time of propagation of the flame and the time required for complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture from the moment of ignition (the reasons why modern engines are ahead Ignition of the fuel-air mixture).

The rotary internal combustion engine according to US Pat. No. 5,551,853 has a simple design, comprising a housing, a shaft, disk and ring structural units housed in a rotationally rotatable housing, the disk structural unit including a grooved disk in which compression are arranged with reciprocating motion and working blades, between which the combustion chambers are located, and the annular structural unit contains coaxial cylindrical tubular elements, respectively larger and smaller diameters between which there is an annular element with a wave-like surface forming ridges and troughs, while the wave-like surface of the ring element faces the end surface of the disk, together with which the outer surface of the cylindrical tubular element of smaller diameter forms the compression surface of the cylindrical tubular element of larger diameter and working chambers separated by ridges of the annular element with a wavy surface, and in the ridges of the annular element with an undulating surface that alternately through one ridge formed inlet and outlet channels.

This technical solution is taken as a prototype of the device of the present invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low coefficient of performance (COP). This is because a significant part of the ignited working mixture is emitted into the atmosphere through the exhaust channel from the side of the rotor of the opposite spark plug. In addition, the device according to US Pat. No. 5,551,853 requires a minimum of 6 blades for a full engine duty cycle, while only a fraction of the volume of the compression chamber between two adjacent blades is used to compress the working mixture. This leads to a low degree of compression of the working mixture and, accordingly, also negatively affects the efficiency.

The disadvantage of the prototype is also the alternate uncompensated axial force on the disk and ring structural units and the shaft when expanding the ignited air-fuel mixture, which leads to significant vibration loads on the shaft and other structural components of the internal combustion engine.

The objective of the present invention, in terms of the device, is to increase the efficiency of a rotary internal combustion engine, reducing vibration loads.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that in a rotary internal combustion engine containing a housing, a shaft, disk and ring structural units arranged in the housing with the possibility of mutual rotation, and the disk structural unit includes a disk with grooves, in which of translational motion, compression and working blades are placed, between which combustion chambers are located, and the annular structural unit includes coaxial cylindrical tubular elements, respectively larger and smaller diameters, between which there is an annular element with a wave-like surface forming ridges and troughs, while the wave-like surface of the ring element faces the end surface of the disk with grooves, together with which the outer surface of the cylindrical tubular element of smaller diameter, the inner surface of the cylindrical tubular element of larger diameter forms compression and working chambers, separated by ridges of the annular element with a wavy surface, and in the inlet and outlet channels are made to the ridges of the annular element with a wavy surface alternating through one ridge, it is new that each compression and working blade from the side of the disk with grooves is spring-loaded by means of an elastic element relative to the disk with grooves or the housing, with locking mechanisms placed inside the housing with the possibility of fixing the compression and working blades in a predetermined position relative to the disk with grooves.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Thanks to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the present invention, in conjunction with the features given in the restrictive part of the claims, new properties of the claimed object are achieved. Each compression vane compresses the full volume of the air-fuel mixture located in the compression chamber, and the entire charge of expanding gases of the ignited air-fuel mixture is exposed to each working vane to ensure its complete combustion. As a result, efficiency is significantly increased.

These circumstances determine, according to the applicant, the compliance of the present invention with the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - section of the engine along the axis of the shaft (along the line aa in figure 2);

figure 2 is a section bB in figure 1;

figure 3 - section bb in figure 2.

The rotary internal combustion engine comprises a housing 1 in which disk 2 and annular 3 structural units are placed with the possibility of mutual rotation. In Fig. 1, disk 2 and ring 3 structural units are indicated by dashed contours, while the circuits themselves are conditional and the affiliation of a particular part to the corresponding structural unit 2 or 3 is defined below in the description. In a specific embodiment, the annular structural unit 3 is mounted on the shaft 4, and the disk structural unit 2 is mounted in the housing 1 and includes a disk 5 with grooves 6, in which compression 7 and working 8 blades are located with the possibility of reciprocating movement, between which there are combustion chambers 9. The annular structural unit 3 contains coaxial cylindrical tubular elements 10 and 11, respectively, larger than 10 and less than 11 diameters, between which the annular element 12 is placed with a wavy surface forming r ebony 13 and hollows 14. The wavy surface of the annular element 12 faces the end surface of the disk 5, together with which the outer surface of the cylindrical tubular element of smaller diameter 11, the inner surface of the cylindrical tubular element of larger diameter 10 forms compression 15 and working 16 chambers separated by ridges 13 an annular element 12 with a wavy surface, and in the ridges 13 of the annular element 12 with a wavy surface alternating through one ridge made inlet 17 and graduation 18 channels. Compression 7 and working 8 blades are spring-loaded by means of elastic elements 19 (in a particular embodiment, springs, although they can be spring-loaded by other elements using, for example, pneumatic or electromagnetic forces) to ensure that the compression blades 7 and working blades 8 are in contact with the wave-like surface of the annular element 12 The locking mechanisms 20 and 21 are installed for alternately fixing each of the compression 7 or working 8 blades in a predetermined position relative to the disk 5. In a specific embodiment, for controlling eniya position locking mechanisms 20 and 21 are mounted electromagnets 22 can be used for the same purposes other mechanisms such as a cam mechanism. The control unit is not shown in the drawings. To ignite the air-fuel mixture in the housing 1, spark plugs 23 are installed.

The start of the rotary internal combustion engine is carried out by a starter, not shown in the drawings.

The annular structural unit 3 together with the shaft 4 rotates in the opposite direction to the clockwise rotation (Fig. 2), which corresponds to its downward direction in Fig. 3, shown by an arrow. We will consider the working process in the internal combustion engine after starting with the example of one working cycle (Fig. 3) from the moment when the compression vane 7 located in the area of the compression chamber 15 is not held by the locking mechanism 20 and the working blade 8 is held by the locking mechanism 21 (the locking mechanisms are shown in FIG. 1), and located in the area of the working chamber 16, the compression vane 7 is held by the locking mechanism 20 and the working vane 8 is not held by the locking mechanism 21. Consider the duty cycle with successive movement of the ring structure node 3 down relative to the disk structural unit 2 (you can consider the duty cycle in figure 3 with the conditional movement of the disk structural unit 2 up relative to the annular structural unit 3).

When moving down the annular structural unit 3 (Fig.3) behind the compression blade 7 in the compression chamber 15, a vacuum is created and through the inlet channel 17, the compression chamber 15 is filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture. At the same time, the compression blade 7 compresses the fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, which fills the compression chamber 15 in the previous cycle and is located in front of this blade (in the drawing, the part of the compression chamber located above the compression blade 7). This charge fills the combustion chamber 9, which was at that time in the zone of the compression chamber 15. With further movement of the annular structural unit 3, the ridge 13 of the annular element 12 with a wavy surface moves first over the working blade 8, which is released from fixation by the locking mechanism 21, and then behind the compression blade 7, which is fixed by the locking mechanism 20 in the extreme right position. In the combustion chamber 9, which is now in the zone of the working chamber 16, the air-fuel mixture is ignited and the pressure of the expanding gases on the wave-like surface of the annular element 12 provides the engine's stroke. At the same time, exhaust gases of the previous working cycle are displaced from the working chamber 16 through the exhaust channel 18. It should be noted that the considered processes in the compression 15 and in the working 16 chambers occur simultaneously, but with the participation of different combustion chambers 9 and with the corresponding position of the compression 7 and working 8 blades covering the corresponding combustion chamber 9. As noted above: control of electromagnetic locking mechanisms 20 and 21 for fixing and releasing from fixing the compression 7 and working 8 blades is carried out by the control unit, not shown in the drawings.

The rotary internal combustion engine of the present invention is easy to implement and maintain, as it contains a small number of parts. It significantly reduced specific fuel consumption, which improves the environment during its operation. In the rotary engine of the present invention, vibration and noise are significantly reduced. The foregoing indicates that the rotary ICE of the present invention can be used in the automotive industry, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "industrially applicable".

Claims (2)

1. A method for carrying out a duty cycle of a rotary internal combustion engine, in which, by moving the compression blade in the compression chamber, this chamber is filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, while the air-fuel mixture is pumped and compressed therein, filling the compression chamber in the previous cycle, the fuel-air mixture is ignited the mixture and in the working chamber, separated by ridges from the compression chamber, expanding gases press on the working blade, carrying out its working stroke and rotation of the mouth ora, while displacing the exhaust gases of the previous working cycle, characterized in that the locking mechanisms are used to fix the compression and working blades, the working blade is fixed when the blade passes through the ridge, which separates the working chamber from the compression chamber in the direction of travel, while releasing the compression the blade and maintaining this state of the compression and working blades when they pass the compression chamber to the next along the direction of the ridge, during which the p bochuyu blade and fixed by fixing the compression blade, keeping this state of compression and working blades during the passage of the working chamber to the next along the crest of movement, and that the operating cycle is completed. 2. A rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing, a shaft, a disk and an annular structural units placed in the housing with the possibility of mutual rotation, and the disk structural unit includes a disk with grooves, with the possibility of reciprocating movement of the compression and working blades, between by which combustion chambers are located, and the annular structural unit includes coaxial cylindrical tubular elements of correspondingly larger and smaller diameters, between which a stake a core element with a wave-like surface forming ridges and troughs, the wave-like surface of the annular element facing the end surface of the disk with grooves, together with which the outer surface of the cylindrical tubular element of smaller diameter, the inner surface of the cylindrical tubular element of larger diameter forms compression and working chambers, separated by ridges of an annular element with a wavy surface, and in the ridges of an annular element with a wavy surface alternating through one ridge made inlet and outlet channels, characterized in that each compression and working blade is spring-loaded by means of an elastic element relative to the disk with grooves or the housing, while locking mechanisms are located inside the housing with the possibility of fixing the compression and working blades in a predetermined position relative to the disk with grooves.

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