RU2291310C1 - Method of and device for executing working cycle of rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method, chamber is filled and fuel-air mixture filled during previous cycle is compressed in chamber and is ignited, and expanding gases in other working chamber press on blade providing its working stroke and forcing out exhaust gases formed at previous cycle. Combustion chamber is made in form of cylindrical cup divided by partition into two sections. Fuel-air mixture is pressure-fed into one section of combustion chamber which is then turned through 180°, and fuel-air mixture in said section of combustion chamber is ignition.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of operation of rotary internal combustion engine.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and, in particular, to engine building.

A known method of implementing the working cycle of a rotary internal combustion engine (ICE), in which by moving the blades in the working chamber, a part of this working chamber is filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, while the air-fuel mixture filling the working chamber in the previous cycle is compressed in its other part. Using the channel system in the stator and rotor, the compressed air-fuel mixture is transferred to another working chamber, part of which is currently used as a combustion chamber, the air-fuel mixture is ignited and the blades are pressed with expanding gases, providing its working stroke, while forcing it out of this other working chamber exhaust gas of the previous cycle, US 4401070.

The disadvantage of this method is the fact that part of the ignited mixture is returned to the compression zone using the same channels in the stator and rotor, which reduces the effectiveness of this method.

There is also known a method of performing the working cycle of a rotary engine, in which by moving the blades in one working chamber they are filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, while the air-fuel mixture is pumped and compresses the combustion chamber, which filled the working chamber in the previous cycle, ignite the air-fuel mixture and expand gases in another working chamber press on the blade, providing its working stroke, while displacing the exhaust gases of the previous cycle, and use the combustion chamber, made in the form a cylindrical glass into which the air-fuel mixture is pumped, compressing, the combustion chamber is rotated and the air-fuel mixture is ignited in it (US patent No. 1745682, 02/04/1930).

This method of implementing the duty cycle of a rotary engine is adopted as a prototype of the present invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the combustion chamber is continuously rotated by rotating the rotor. This reduces the area of the window of the combustion chamber and, therefore, worsen the conditions for the injection and compression of the air-fuel mixture, as well as for the expansion of ignited gases.

The objective of the present invention in terms of the method is to increase the compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture and increase the efficiency of its use.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the working cycle in the rotary ICE is carried out due to the fact that by moving the blades in one working chamber they are filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, while in the combustion chamber they are pumped and compressed in it the air-fuel mixture filling the working chamber in the previous cycle, the air-fuel mixture is ignited and the expanding gases in the other working chamber are pressed onto the blade, providing its working stroke and displacing the exhaust gases of the previous cycle, while new It is found that a combustion chamber is used, which is made in the form of a cylindrical cup divided by a partition into two sections, compressing the air-fuel mixture into one section of the combustion chamber, rotate the combustion chamber 180 degrees and ignite the fuel-air mixture in the said section of the combustion chamber, and for The rotation of the combustion chamber uses interacting poles of ring magnets.

The applicant has not identified solutions that are identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Thanks to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the present invention, in conjunction with the features given in the restrictive part of the claims, new important properties of the claimed object are achieved. Each blade compresses the air-fuel mixture from the entire volume of the working chamber, significantly increasing the compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture; exclude mixing of the fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture with the exhaust gases, since, using the interacting poles of the ring magnets, the combustion chamber is rotated 180 degrees, and as a result, the fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture is pumped into one section of the combustion chamber, and the air-fuel mixture is ignited at this moment in another section combustion chambers.

As a result, the efficiency of the work cycle is significantly increased.

These circumstances determine, according to the applicant, the compliance of the present invention with the criterion of "inventive step".

To implement the method of the present invention, a two-section combustion chamber is used. Known two-section combustion chamber, made in the form of a cylindrical glass, divided by a partition into two sections, each of which has windows, and mounted in the stator with the possibility of rotation (international application WO 93/16273, 08.19.93).

This technical solution is taken as a prototype of the device of the present invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the combustion chamber is equipped with a rotary device to ensure its continuous rotation during rotation of the rotor. At the same time, from geometric considerations, the area of the combustion chamber window decreases and, therefore, the conditions for the injection and compression of the air-fuel mixture and for the expansion of ignited gases are worsened.

The objective of the invention is to increase the degree of compression of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber and to achieve a more complete use of the energy of compressed gases in the operation of a rotary engine.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the combustion chamber for the rotary engine is made in the form of a cylindrical cup divided by a partition into two sections, in each of which windows are made, while the new one is that the combustion chamber has a cylindrical surface used to engage with a rotary a device having annular magnets interacting with each other by their poles, one of which is mounted on the engine shaft, and the other on the intermediate shaft in contact with the combustion chamber. Said cylindrical surface of the combustion chamber may be engaged with the rotary device by means of friction or gear engagement.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Thanks to the use of the new device, important new properties of the rotary internal combustion engine as a whole are achieved. Each blade compresses the full volume of the working chamber, thus the claimed device provides a greater degree of compression of the working mixture.

As a result, a more complete use of the energy of compressed gases is achieved, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of the rotary ICE.

These circumstances determine, according to the applicant, the compliance of the present invention with the criterion of "inventive step".

To implement the method and device of the present invention, a rotary engine is proposed.

Known rotary internal combustion engine, comprising a stator, coaxial cylindrical tubular elements, between which are placed ring elements with equidistant surfaces facing each other, formed in the form of a set of stepwise conjugate planes; the device also has a rotor with blades mounted on the shaft. The working chamber is located between the equidistant surfaces of the annular elements and the coaxial surfaces of the cylinders. Part of the working chamber at a certain moment functions as a combustion chamber, US 4,401,070.

The disadvantage of this device is the fact that part of the ignited mixture returns to the compression zone, which leads to a low coefficient of performance (COP). In addition, the device is very difficult in design and manufacture due to the presence of internal channels in the rotor and stator.

A simpler design has a rotary ICE according to the aforementioned US patent No. 1745682, comprising a rotor with grooves mounted on the shaft, in which blades, combustion chambers, a stator including coaxial cylindrical tubular elements, respectively, of larger and smaller diameters are placed with the possibility of reciprocating between which annular elements are placed with wave-like surfaces forming ridges and depressions, while the wave-like surfaces are facing each other, are equidistant and together with the working surface is formed by the adjacent surface of the cylindrical tubular element of smaller diameter, the inner surface of the cylindrical tubular element of the larger diameter and the rotor surface, and inlet and outlet channels are made in the ridges of the ring elements with wavy surfaces alternating through one ridge, and the combustion chambers are made in the form of cylindrical glasses, mounted with the possibility of rotation in the ridges of ring elements with undulating surfaces, while a window is made in the combustion chamber, and in the annular elements with undulating surfaces in the region of the said window, respectively, discharge and outlet openings are made (US patent No. 1745682, 04/02/1930).

This technical solution is taken as a prototype of the device of the present invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency. This is due to the presence of a complex system of channels and, consequently, increased resistance when injecting the air-fuel mixture into the combustion chambers and expanding gases leaving them into the working chambers.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of a rotary internal combustion engine.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that in a rotary internal combustion engine containing a rotor with grooves mounted on the shaft, in which blades, combustion chambers, a stator including coaxial cylindrical tubular elements, respectively, of larger and smaller diameters are placed with the possibility of reciprocating between which annular elements are placed with wave-like surfaces forming ridges and depressions, while the wave-like surfaces are facing each other, are equidistant and together with the outer surface the surface of the cylindrical tubular element of smaller diameter, the inner surface of the cylindrical tubular element of larger diameter and the surface of the rotor form the working chambers, moreover, in the crests of the ring elements with wavy surfaces alternating through one ridge, intake and exhaust channels are made, it is new that the combustion chambers are made in the form cylindrical cups, divided by partitions into two sections, mounted for rotation in free from inlet and outlet channels g children of annular elements with wave-like surfaces, while in each section of the combustion chamber a window is made, and in the ring elements with wave-like surfaces in the region of the said windows, respectively, discharge and outlet openings are made, and an annular magnet is mounted on the motor shaft, interacting with its poles and poles ring magnets mounted on intermediate shafts engaged with combustion chambers. Combustion chambers can be pressed by springs to contact surfaces with annular elements with wavy surfaces.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the present device in combination with the features given in the restrictive part of the claims, important new properties of the claimed object are achieved. Each blade compresses the full volume of the working chamber, thus, the claimed device has a large compression ratio of the working mixture.

As a result, the efficiency of the device is increased.

These circumstances determine, according to the applicant, the compliance of the present invention with the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a section of a rotary ICE along the axis of the rotor;

figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2;

figure 4 is a cross section of a General view of the combustion chamber.

The rotary internal combustion engine contains a stator 1 (Fig. 1), including coaxial cylindrical tubular elements 2 and 3, between which annular elements 4 and 5 are placed with wave-like surfaces forming ridges 6 and depressions 7 (Fig. 3). The wave-like surfaces of the ring elements face each other and are equidistant. A rotor 9 with grooves 10 is installed on the shaft 8, in which the blades 11 with seals 12 at the ends are placed with the possibility of reciprocating motion. The wave-like surfaces of the ring elements together with the outer surface of the cylindrical element 3 of smaller diameter, the inner surface of the cylindrical tubular element 2 of larger diameter and the surface of the rotor 9 form the working chambers 13. In the ridges 6 of the ring elements 4 and 5 alternating inlet 14 and outlet 15 are made through one ridge channels. Combustion chambers 16 are made in the form of hollow cylindrical cups, divided by partitions into two sections 17 and 18. Combustion chambers 16 in the form of hollow cylindrical cups are mounted with the possibility of rotation in the ridges of ring elements 4 and 5 with wave-like surfaces free from inlet and outlet channels. Each section of the combustion chamber has a window 19. In the annular elements 4 and 5 in the area of the windows 19, injection holes 20 and exhaust openings 21 are made. Ring magnets 22 are mounted on the shaft 8 (FIGS. 1, 2), and ring magnets on the intermediate shafts 23 24 and gears 25 in contact with the combustion chambers 16. The combustion chambers 16 (FIGS. 1, 3) are springs 26 tightly pressed against the contact surfaces with the annular elements 4 and 5 with undulating surfaces in the area of the discharge 20 and outlet 21 openings. In the area of ridges not occupied by inlet and outlet channels, spark plugs 27 are installed. Figure 4 shows a General view of the combustion chamber 16. To show sections 17 and 18 of the combustion chamber, sections of the side surface are made in a vertical plane and the upper surface in a horizontal plane. The cylindrical surface 28 can be used for friction engagement with a rotary device or for a gear head to use a gear with a gear 25 to rotate the combustion chamber, as shown in the specific case of figure 1 and figure 2.

The start of the rotary engine is carried out by means of a starter, not shown in the drawings.

The rotor 9 rotates in a clockwise direction (figure 2), which corresponds to its downward direction in figure 1 and figure 3, shown by arrows.

When the rotor 9 rotates behind the blade 11, a vacuum is created in the working chamber 13, and through the inlet channel 14 the working chamber 13 is filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture. At the same time, the blade 11 compresses the fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, which fills the working chamber 13 in the previous cycle and is located in front of the blade. This charge through the discharge hole 20 and the window 19 fills the section 17 of the combustion chamber 16. With a further rotation of the rotor 9, the blade 11 moves beyond the ridge 6 of the annular element 5 with a wavy surface. In a specific example, ring magnets 22 and 24 are used to rotate the combustion chamber. In this case, the south pole of the ring magnet 22 approaches the north pole of the ring magnet 24, during the interaction of which the intermediate shaft 23 and the gear 25 rotate 180 degrees and with them 180 degrees the combustion chamber 16 is engaged, which is engaged with the gear 25. The combustion chamber 16 is rotated 180 degrees by the moment the blade 11 reaches the position behind the ridge 6 and the outlet 21 of the ring element and 5, the section 17 of the combustion chamber 16 occupies a position which is occupied section 18. The section 17 is ignited by a spark plug 27, the compressed air-fuel mixture; the burnt mixture expands, passing through the window 19 and the outlet 21 into the working chamber 13, exerting pressure on the blade 11. The blade 11 transfers force through the walls of the groove 10 to the rotor 9, which continues to rotate in a given direction, moving the blade 11 to the position of the next blade 11, displaces the exhaust gases of the previous working cycle through the exhaust channel 15. In a specific example, the tightness in the working chambers 13 is provided by spring-loaded seals 12 located at the ends of the blades 11. With further rotation of the rotor 9 and the passage waiting for the blade 11 of the lower ridge 6 of the annular element 5 with a wavy surface, one full working cycle in the right half of the rotor-blade ICE is completed and the second working cycle begins, completely repeating the first, etc. When the rotor 9 rotates, the blades 11 rotate with it and at the same time make reciprocating movements between the ring elements 4 and 5. In the left and right halves of the rotary engine, the work cycles proceed the same, but with a time offset due to the corresponding displacement of the inlet chambers 13 14 and exhaust 15 channels and combustion chambers 16.

Taking the claimed design as a single module, you can increase the power of the rotary engine, combining several modules on one shaft.

The rotary engine of the present invention is easy to implement and maintain, as it has a small number of parts. It significantly reduced specific fuel consumption, which increases the ecology during its operation. In the rotary engine of the present invention, vibration and noise are significantly reduced. The foregoing indicates that the rotary ICE of the present invention can be used in the automotive industry, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "industrially applicable".

Claims (6)

1. A method of carrying out a duty cycle of a rotary internal combustion engine, in which by moving the blades in one working chamber, they are filled with a fresh charge of the air-fuel mixture, while the fuel-air mixture is injected and compresses into it, which fills the working chamber in the previous cycle, and the fuel-air mixture is ignited the mixture and expanding gases in another working chamber press on the blade, providing its working stroke, while displacing the exhaust gases of the previous cycle, characterized in that they use chambers the combustion, made in the form of a cylindrical glass, divided by a partition into two sections, is pumped, compressing the air-fuel mixture into one section of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is rotated 180 ° and the air-fuel mixture is ignited in the said section of the combustion chamber, interacting between a pole of ring magnets. 2. The combustion chamber for a rotary internal combustion engine, made in the form of a cylindrical cup, divided by a partition into two sections, in each of which there are windows, characterized in that it has a cylindrical surface used for engagement with a rotary device having interacting with each other poles ring magnets, one of which is mounted on the motor shaft, and the other on the intermediate shaft in contact with the combustion chamber. 3. The chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylindrical surface of the chamber is engaged with the rotary device by means of friction engagement. 4. The camera according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylindrical surface of the camera is engaged with the rotary device by gearing. 5. A rotary internal combustion engine, comprising a rotor with grooves mounted on the shaft, in which blades, combustion chambers, a stator are arranged with reciprocating motion, including coaxial cylindrical tubular elements of correspondingly larger and smaller diameters, between which ring elements with wave-shaped surfaces are placed forming ridges and depressions, while the wavy surfaces are facing each other, are equidistant and together with the outer surface of the cylindrical tube of the smaller diameter element, the working chambers are formed by the inner surface of the cylindrical tubular element of larger diameter and the rotor surface, and inlet and outlet channels are made in the ridges of the ring elements with wavy surfaces alternating through one ridge, characterized in that the combustion chambers are made in the form of cylindrical cups, divided by partitions into two sections, mounted with the possibility of rotation in the ridges of ring elements free of inlet and outlet channels with shaped surfaces, with a window made in each section of the combustion chamber, and injection and outlet openings respectively made in ring elements with wave-like surfaces in the region of the said windows, and an annular magnet is mounted on the motor shaft, interacting with its poles with the poles of the ring magnets fixed to the intermediate shafts geared to combustion chambers. 6. The engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the combustion chambers are pressed by springs to the contact surfaces with annular elements with undulating surfaces.

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