RU2310082C2 - Rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed rotary internal combustion engine consists of cylindrical stator into three cross working zones with internal working surface of in form of regular circumference, compression plates radially spring-loaded and arranged in stator and three rotors arranged concentrically on one shaft in working zones. Two extreme rotors are of similar shape, being provided with two working projections, and middle rotor is provided with four working projections. Extreme working zones of stator are identical, being displaced through 90 degrees relative to each other. Each zone is divided into two sections through 180 degrees by spring-loaded compression plates. Middle working zone of stator is divided by spring-loaded compression plates into four equal compression section through 90 degrees. Engine has one middle working zones in stator of which four compression plates, four compression chambers, four air suction ports, four electromagnetic nozzles of first circuit and four places of connection of electromagnetic nozzles of second circuit are found. Engine has two extreme working zone in stator of each of said zones two compression plates, two combustion chamber, two electromagnetic nozzles of second circuit two igniters, two displacement chambers of working stroke of designed value, two combustion products discharge ports are found. Processes of suction, preparation of working mixture, compression and delivery take place in separate middle working zone, and processes of ignition of working mixture, working stroke and exhaust take place in two extreme working zones. Combustion chambers arranged in stator housing are integral part of volume of working stroke and are not separated from the latter. Engine contains two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles, 8 pcs. First circuit of electromagnetic nozzles, 4 pcs, provides of fuel into compression space where working mixture is prepared. Second circuit of electromagnetic nozzles, 4 pcs, provides delivery of working mixture into combustion chambers. Electromagnetic nozzles of first circuit provide two modes of delivery of fuel, first one through 180 degrees of turning of working shaft, and second one, through 90 degrees of turning of working shaft. Electromagnetic nozzles of second circuit are adjusted for operation with delay of injection of working mixture into combustion chamber after its closing by working projection of rotor of extreme working zone. Engine has two functional modes, namely, conventional and higher-powered ones, with possibility of changing over from one into the other in operation. Under conventional operating mode, scavenging of combustion chamber is provided simultaneously with working stroke, and working stroke of rotors of extreme working zones is increased owing to delivery of minimum amount of remaining working mixture.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of operation, simplified design and improved operation of rotary engines.

10 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to rotary internal combustion engines, and can be used as a drive in various machines, power plants, automobiles, aircraft, shipbuilding and other industries related to the use of power plants. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the engine while achieving a number of new advantages that are not typical for today's rotary engines. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the rotary motor consists of a cylindrical stator, in the above example divided into three transverse working areas (but depending on the required power, dimensions and purpose, it can consist of their optimal number), and concentrically located in the working areas on one the shaft of three rotors, two of which are extreme, having the same configuration, the middle is different from them. In the middle working zone, the processes of absorption, compression of the combustible mixture and its supply to the nozzles of the second circuit of the two extreme working areas occur. In the two extreme working areas, the ignition of the combustible mixture, the working stroke of the rotors and exhaust gases occur.

Description of the invention.

Known rotary internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2203430 dated 04/27/2003, consisting of a stator housing with an inner cylindrical surface and a combustion chamber, a rotor with a profiled outer surface and one protrusion of the interface with the working surface of the stator, three compression dampers (incl. . two at the inlet and outlet of the combustion chamber and the third diametrically opposite between the exhaust and suction manifolds) installed in the grooves of the stator with the possibility of contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor for I Education suction and compression cavities.

The disadvantages of this engine are:

- the process of suction of the fuel mixture occurs a whole revolution of the rotor before it is fed into the combustion chamber, which is associated with its subsidence on the walls of the suction chamber and, as a result, a decrease in engine performance;

- the description does not indicate what keeps the shutter at the inlet to the combustion chamber in the open position during the injection of the combustible mixture into it and that keeps the shutter at the outlet of the combustion chamber in the open position during the working stroke of the rotor;

- the presence of two of the three dampers without specifying the method of their operation implies the need to implement the systems that control them, which is associated with the organization of complex kinematic or gas systems. If you try to determine the utilization of the total working surface of the engine to the surface of the stroke for one full revolution of the shaft, then In this case, it is close to 0.5. In this case, the efficiency indicator can also be the ratio of the surface of the working stroke to the compression stroke of the preparation of the combustible mixture, which is equal to 1.0.

Also known rotary vane internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2196905 from 01.20.2003, different from the previous one:

- the cyclical nature of the work of the models given in it;

- the introduction of an additional number of movable dampers;

- the introduction of a significant number of inlet, exhaust and bypass valves.

Analysis of the design of this engine shows:

- the combustion chamber, which should be a single integral part of the motor circuit (the expansion volume of the explosion of the combustible mixture - especially in the initial period), in this engine is not separated from it by a small window, also with an exhaust valve that works constantly in explosive conditions, which must through itself skip the initial phase of the explosion in the main engine volume, which is associated with a significant probability of damage and a decrease in engine power;

- the engine is burdened with complex kinematic control circuits for multiple dampers, intake, exhaust and bypass valves, including those involving electric motors. It seems that reliable operation of all this complexity is difficult to guarantee;

- the ratio of the use of the total working surface of the engine to the surface of the working stroke for one full revolution of the shaft in the most effective model of this patent is 1.0;

- the ratio of the surface of the working stroke to the compression stroke of the preparation of the combustible mixture is equal to 1.0.

Closest to the proposed, in principle, is a rotary internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2161708 dated 01/10/2001, comprising a housing (stator) with an inner cylindrical surface, with a combustion chamber on the side surface, a rotor with a profiled outer surface and two radial shutters installed in the grooves of the housing with the possibility of contact with the profiled outer surface of the rotor to form a compression cavity for the combustible mixture and expansion cavity for combustion products with variable displacement (prot otip).

A disadvantage of the known engine is that the compressible combustible mixture entering the chamber of the “compressed combustible mixture” through the bypass valve cannot be compressed there at the inlet of the chamber, and immediately begins to overflow through the exhaust window into the working space after the shutter, since the patent does not stipulate or stipulate the conditions for closing the window with the protrusion of the rotor, in connection with which only the flow of the combustible mixture into the space of the working stroke, free ignition, absolutely no floor new combustion and all this “catching up” with the outgoing protrusion of the rotor up to the exhaust window. In such conditions, the possibility of engine operation is doubtful.

There are no reservations about any other features of the combustion chamber, location of the exhaust window of the combustion chamber, rotor configuration.

The technical result, the achievement of which this invention is directed, consists in eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages of analog and prototype engines, as well as in improving the efficiency and further improving the technology of operation of rotary internal combustion engines:

- if possible, avoid an excessive number of dampers, valves and especially complex control systems;

- to ensure technological unity of the combustion chamber with the engine volume of the working stroke;

- to ensure compliance with the classic ICE requirements for ignition of a combustible mixture “to TDC”;

- to increase the working stroke of the engine relative to the compression both in volumetric measurement, and in linear and angular, which will give a significant increase in the use of inertia of the explosion force of the combustible mixture within the planned efficiency;

- simultaneously with the flow of the stroke to purge the combustion chamber;

- provide for the operation of the engine in two modes - in normal and forced, and make this possible in the process of constant operation by simply switching them from one to the other.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, in a rotary internal combustion engine, consisting of a cylindrical stator, divided into three transverse working zones with an inner working surface of a regular circle, with radially spring-loaded compression dies placed in the stator, with three rotors concentrically located in the working areas on the same shaft , according to the invention, the two extreme rotors have the same configuration with two working protrusions, and the middle one with four working protrusions, respectively The lowest working areas of the stator are identical to each other, but are shifted by 90 degrees. in relation to each other, and each is divided by spring-loaded compression dies into two sections after 180 degrees, the middle working area of the stator is divided by spring-loaded compression dies into four equal compression sections after 90 degrees. The engine can have one middle working zone, in the stator of which there are four compression dies, four compression chambers, four windows of air intake, four electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit, four places for connecting electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit. The engine can have two extreme working areas, in the stators of each of which there are two compression rams, two combustion chambers, two electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit, two ignition means, two volumetric working stroke chambers of the calculated magnitude, two windows of exhaust of the combustion products. The processes of suction, preparation of the combustible mixture, compression and injection can be allocated to a separate middle working zone, and the processes of ignition of the combustible mixture, working stroke and exhaust are allocated to the two extreme working zones. Combustion chambers located in the stator housing are an integral part of the stroke volume and are not separated from it. The engine can have two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles (8 pcs.), The first circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (4 pcs.), Providing fuel into the compression space for preparing the combustible mixture, the second circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (4 pcs.), Providing the supply of combustible mixture into the combustion chambers . The electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit have two modes of fuel supply, the first after 180 degrees. rotation of the working shaft, the second through 90 degrees. turning the working shaft. The electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit are adjusted to work with a delay in the injection of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber after it is blocked by the working protrusion of the rotor of the extreme working area. The engine can have two operating modes - normal and forced with the possibility of using them in the process of continuous operation by simply switching from one to the other. In the normal mode of operation of the engine, the combustion chamber is purged simultaneously with the course of the working stroke, and at the same time, the working stroke of the rotors of the extreme working zones is enhanced by supplying a minimum amount of the remains of the combustible mixture.

The average working area of the stator (Figure 1) is a cylinder with an inner surface of a regular circle that is working, while it is divided into four equal sections (along the axes) under 90 degrees. On each of which are placed:

- air intake pipe;

- socket installation of the electromagnetic nozzle of the primary circuit;

- connection pipe of the electromagnetic nozzle of the second circuit;

- spring-loaded compression die.

In the stator of the middle working zone, a rotor is concentrically located with a landing on a common working shaft offset by a calculated angle “A” against the direction of rotation relative to the rotors of the extreme working areas, having four protrusions with rounded corners, the radius of curvature of which is equal to the radius of the working surface of the stator cylinder. The working surface of the rotor is external. The angular length "B" of the rounding of the protrusions of the rotor is calculated based on the requirement to ensure the necessary angular coincidence of the surface of the protrusion of the rotor with the circumference of the stator, and the working faces between the protrusions can be from convex to concave depending on the power, purpose and dimensions of the engine in accordance with the required design volume of compression space.

The two extreme working areas of the stator (Figure 2) with a cylindrically regular circumference of the inner surface are divided into two equal sections under 180 degrees, but with an offset of 90 degrees. in relation to each other, on each of which are placed:

- spring-loaded compression rams diametrically opposed at an angle of 180 degrees;

- a combustion chamber of the calculated volume with electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit, means of ignition of a combustible mixture;

- exhaust pipe.

The rotors of the extreme working areas are located on the same shaft with the rotor of the middle working area, have two peaks and are divided into two diametrically opposite sections, each having a special design-volumetric configuration, which should provide the most efficient working stroke of the rotor. In relation to each other, the rotors of the extreme working areas are offset at an angle of 90 degrees. The rotor tops of the outermost working areas have a design length that coincides with the radius of the rounding with the inner circumference of the stator, and must ensure that the combustion chamber overlaps the design angle “d” for the period necessary to fill the combustion chamber with a combustible mixture, to create its necessary compression and to carry out ignition ahead of the required angle "C" from TDC.

The invention is illustrated by drawings indicating the main parts that make up the rotary internal combustion engine.

Figure 1 - the average working area of a rotary engine "in the position of completion of compression of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber":

1 - stator, 2 - rotor, 3 - protrusion of the rotor, 4 - compression chamber for suction and compression, 5 - compression die in the groove of the stator, 6 - air intake window, 7 - socket for installing the electromagnetic nozzle of the primary circuit, 8 - connection point of the second nozzle contour angle “B” - the estimated necessary angular coincidence of the surface of the protrusion of the rotor with the circumference of the stator, the angle “A” - the estimated angle of the location of the nozzle of the second circuit and the amount of displacement of the rotor against the stroke relative to the rotors of the extreme working areas.

Figure 2 - extreme working area of a rotary engine "in the position of completion of the stroke, compression of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber - ignition moment":

1 - stator, 9 - rotor of the extreme working area, 10 - volumetric chamber of the working stroke and exhaust exhaust, 11 - protrusion of the rotor, 12 - compression die in the groove of the stator, 13 - combustion chamber of the combustible mixture, 14 - socket for installing the electromagnetic nozzle of the second circuit in the combustion chamber, 15 — socket for installing the ignition means in the combustion chamber, 16 — window for exhausting the products of combustion of the combustible mixture, angle “d” is the estimated angle of overlap of the combustion chamber, angle “C” is the estimated angle of ignition timing from TDC.

The principle of operation of the proposed rotary internal combustion engine.

The rotor 2, located in the housing of the stator 1 of the middle working area (Figure 1), performing a rotational movement along the arrow and at the same time interacting with its protrusions 3 with the working surface of the stator 1, creates in the compression chambers 4 the suction zone and the compression zone, to itself and in front of you in the direction of rotation, every 90 degrees. the turns formed by the surfaces of the stator, rotor and spring-loaded compression dies 5. In this case, after the suction zone, the protrusion 3 of the rotor 2 draws in air through the suction window 6, while the air stream picks up a portion of fuel injected by the electromagnetic nozzle of the first circuit, which, interacting with high temperature compression chamber 4, evaporates. At the same time, in the compression zone in front of itself, the protrusion 3 of the rotor 2 compresses the resulting combustible mixture and directs the combustible mixture through the nozzle of the second circuit 8 through the nozzle of the second circuit 14 to the combustion chamber 13 (Figure 2). It should be noted that the electromagnetic nozzle of the second circuit 14 is adjusted to supply the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber 13 with a delay until the combustion chamber 13 is completely blocked by the protrusion 11 of the rotor 9 of the extreme working area, after which the combustible mixture entering the combustion chamber is squeezed to the calculated compression ratio continuing the rotation of the protrusion 3 of the rotor 2 of the middle working area until it completely blocks the connection point of the nozzle of the second circuit in the middle working area. After this, the ignition of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 13 by the ignition means 15 is ahead of the design angle "C" to TDC. With the further movement of the protrusion 11 of the rotor 9 of the extreme working area, a three-dimensional working chamber begins to form between the surfaces of the stator 1, rotor 9, a spring-loaded compression die 12 and a combustion chamber 13 with its subsequent growth until the rotor 9 rotates 180 degrees. and until the protrusion 11 of the rotor 9 passes through the exhaust gas exhaust window 16. An increased rotor stroke of 180 degrees was achieved. with the maximum use of the inertia of the explosion force of the combustible mixture created in the compression chamber at the value of the rotor 9 rotation by 90 degrees. But taking into account that in the middle working zone rotor 2 has four working ledges 3 and the stator have four suction and discharge chambers formed by four compression dies placed through 90 degrees, then for a full 180 degrees. the working stroke of the rotor 9 of the extreme working area with its intermediate rotation of 90 degrees. the combustion chamber is purged by injecting air with the next protrusion 3 of the rotor 2 of the middle working zone with a low content of fuel vapor, which only enhances the stroke of the rotor 9 during normal engine operation, which also provides for the operation of the nozzles of the primary circuit “once”, i.e. when the rotor 2 is rotated 180 degrees.

The design features of the middle working zone allow the organization of simultaneous supply of the combustible mixture and its simultaneous “squeezing” in both combustion chambers, both working zones, due to the simultaneous arrival of the protrusions 3 of the rotor 2 of the middle working zone of two vertically and two horizontally at once, with the same the location of the combustion chambers in the extreme working areas - two combustion chambers vertically in one extreme working area and two combustion chambers horizontally in the other extreme working area.

The operation mode described above is normal, as was already noted during the operation of the nozzles of the first circuit for the supply of fuel “once in a while”, i.e. through 180 degrees. rotor rotation 2.

The proposed engine provides a second mode of operation - forced, the use of which is possible in the process of continuous operation by simply turning on the electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit 7 in the fuel supply mode every 90 degrees. rotation of the rotor 2 of the middle working area, which will ensure the supply of a combustible mixture every 90 degrees. rotor rotation of 9 extreme working areas, but only “once in a while” into “catching up” with the running stroke.

It should be noted that the electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit and the second should have significant design differences, because if the former provide injection of an insignificant amount of fuel, then the latter should provide an injection of a combustible mixture in a short period of time of a more significant volume.

Based on the fact that the essence of the claimed solution for this period is not disclosed in the patent and other literature, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

The claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it is characterized by a new set of essential features, such as:

- the allocation in a separate working volume (zone) of the processes of suction and preparation of the combustible mixture, compression and injection (average working area);

- the allocation in a separate working volume (zone) of the processes of ignition of the combustible mixture, the stroke and exhaust (extreme working areas);

- the location of the combustion chamber in the stator housing in such a way that it is an integral part of the working stroke volume and is not separated from it;

- the presence of two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles to ensure the supply of fuel into the compression space by the first circuit and the supply of the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber by the second circuit;

- the operation of the electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit in two modes of fuel supply, the first - feed through 180 degrees. rotation of the working shaft, while ensuring the purge of the combustion chamber, the second through 90 degrees. shaft rotation;

- adjustment of the electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit is carried out with a delay in the injection of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber by the calculated value necessary for its overlapping by the working protrusion of the rotor of the extreme working area.

The effectiveness of the proposed solution can be judged by:

- the coefficient of the ratio of the use of the total working surface of the engine to the surface of the working stroke for one full revolution of the shaft, equal to 1.33 in the declared engine at 1.0 in the known;

- the ratio of the magnitude of the stroke in both linear and angular measurements to the size of the compression chamber, equal to the claimed engine 2.0 at 1.0 in the known.

Claims (10)

1. A rotary internal combustion engine, consisting of a cylindrical stator, divided into three transverse working areas with an inner working surface of a regular circle, with radially spring-loaded compression rams located in the stator, with three rotors concentrically located in the working areas on one shaft, characterized in that two extreme rotors have the same configuration with two working protrusions, and the middle one with four working protrusions, respectively, the extreme working zones of the stator are identical between by itself, but at the same time offset by 90 ° relative to each other and each is divided by spring-loaded compression dies into two sections through 180 °, the middle working area of the stator is divided by spring-loaded compression dies into four equal compression sections through 90 °. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has one middle working area, in the stator of which there are four compression dies, four compression chambers, four air suction windows, four electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit, four places for connecting electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two extreme working areas, in the stators of each of which two compression rams, two combustion chambers, two electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit, two ignition means, two volumetric chambers of the working stroke of the calculated value, two exhaust gas windows. 4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the processes of suction, preparation of the combustible mixture, compression and injection are allocated to a separate middle working area, and the processes of ignition of the combustible mixture, working stroke and exhaust are allocated to the two extreme working areas. 5. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion chambers located in the stator housing are an integral part of the working stroke volume and are not separated from it. 6. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the engine has two circuits of electromagnetic nozzles (8 pcs.), A first circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (4 pcs.), Which supply fuel to the compression space for preparing a combustible mixture, a second circuit of electromagnetic nozzles (4 pcs.), providing the supply of a combustible mixture in the combustion chamber. 7. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic nozzles of the first circuit have two modes of fuel supply, the first after 180 ° rotation of the working shaft, the second after 90 ° of rotation of the working shaft. 8. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic nozzles of the second circuit are adjusted to work with a delay in the injection of the combustible mixture into the combustion chamber after it is blocked by the working protrusion of the rotor of the extreme working area. 9. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two operating modes, normal and forced, with the possibility of using them in the process of continuous operation by simply switching from one to the other. 10. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that during normal operation of the engine, the combustion chamber is purged simultaneously with the flow of the stroke and at the same time, the feed stroke of the rotors of the extreme working zones is enhanced by supplying a minimum amount of residual combustible mixture.

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