RU238266U1 - A frame trainer for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as training the eye muscles - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles. The utility model is a device consisting of a holder (1), at the upper end of which there is a double-sided frame (2) of a box-like shape with an internal cavity (3) in which cards (5) with images (6) are placed, and the front and back sides of the frame (2) are the same and contain through cutouts that provide the ability to perceive images (6) on the cards (5), wherein the upper part of the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2) is made open to provide the ability to place cards (5) with images (6) in it, and in the center of the upper part of the frame (2) there is a recess (4) to provide the ability to extract cards (5) with images (6) from the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2) with the fingers of the hand, wherein the holder (1) is intended to hold the device with the hand, and the images (6) on the cards (5) are intended to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the person practicing the exercises. Thus, the declared "Frame Trainer" adds variety to the process of training in the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training of the eye muscles, contributing to an increase in interest in the exercises performed and providing the opportunity to conduct training in the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including bedridden patients and patients with impaired movement of one of the hands, as well as training of the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment when working on a computer and training of the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles.

The process of eye movements is one of the necessary components that ensure the functioning of the human visual analyzer, in the functioning of which the normal functioning of the eye muscles plays an important role.

The visual analyzer is a complex neuroreceptor system that perceives and analyzes visual stimuli. It consists of three sections: peripheral (the eye), conductive (the optic nerve, optic and subcortical nerve structures), and central (the visual cortex) (Dictionary of Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology. Visual Analyzer, found online at http://correction_pedagogy.academic.ru/741/Зрительный_анализатор).

One of the disorders of the central part of the visual analyzer is visual agnosia, which occurs with damage to the occipital and frontal parts of the cerebral cortex, as a result of which patients have difficulty perceiving "noisy" images of objects and, with more severe damage to the occipital parts of the cerebral cortex, also real objects and objects.

The process of visual perception has a complex structure and can be disrupted due to damage to its various components.

One of the important components necessary for the normal functioning of visual perception is the process of eye movements that trace the contour of the perceived object or subject, and perform a number of other complex movements during the perception of various objects and subjects (Yarbus A.L. The role of eye movements in the process of image perception. Moscow: Nauka, 1965).

In the cerebral cortex there are two oculomotor "centers" that control gaze movements: the posterior "center" is located in the parietal-occipital regions of the cerebral cortex and serves for the reflex regulation of gaze movements, ensuring the act of fixation and tracking of a moving point, and the anterior "center" is located in the middle sections of the premotor zone (Brodmann's area 8) and is the apparatus that regulates voluntary translation of the eyes and active searching movements of the gaze (Luria A.R. Lectures on General Psychology, St. Petersburg: Piter, 2006).

Currently, various methods are used to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

Thus, a well-known technique of M.G. Khrakovskaya is designed to restore the process of eye movements, their optomotor activity in neurological patients with visual perception disorders. In the early stages of work according to this technique, tasks are used aimed at restoring eye movements according to automated reading algorithms: from left to right and top to bottom, line by line. Gradually, during the course of classes, the volume of visual information and the complexity of the tasks increase. This type of tasks allows for increasing readiness for perception due to the regulation of movement and fixation of gaze. Further tasks are used aimed at identifying and classifying the details of objects according to given visual characteristics, etc. (Khrakovskaya M.G. Optimization of neuropsychological rehabilitation strategies using the example of restoration of visual gnosis. // Neurorehabilitation-2009: Proceedings of the I International Congress. - M., 2009. - P. 48).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as training the eye muscles, are:

a) this technique is based on the use of automated eye movement algorithms, without the use of any additional external means that make it easier for the patient to control eye movement;

b) this technique provides the possibility of restoring eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

L.S. Tsvetkova's method is also well-known, designed to restore reading skills in cases of eye movement disorders. This method is based on the use of an additional external aid that guides the patient's gaze and facilitates the impaired eye movement process. This aid is a special cardboard frame placed over a word, leaving the entire word or a few of its letters visible for the patient to read. The frame then gradually moves along the line from word to word, guiding the patient's gaze and engaging their intact kinesthetic senses (L.S. Tsvetkova, "Restorative Training for Localized Brain Lesions." Moscow: Pedagogy, 1972).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as training the eye muscles, are:

a) this technique is intended only for the restoration of eye movements in case of reading process disorders;

b) this technique provides the possibility of restoring eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Also known is the method of L.E. Selyavko, designed to restore the impaired process of eye movements based on the "Methodological manual "Linear simulator for group classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention in neurological patients"" (Patent RU 109874 S dated 07/24/2018).

This manual contains worksheets in the form of circles connected by lines. One patient writes the letters of a phrase into these circles, while the other patient reads them, moving their gaze along the lines connecting the circles with the letters inscribed within them in different directions: horizontally, vertically, and diagonally. A pointer is used as an external aid to facilitate the patient's impaired eye movement (Selyavko, L.E., Neuropsychological Manual "Linear Trainer for Exercises to Restore Impaired Eye Movement and Voluntary Attention," Methodological Almanac "Neurorehabilitator" No. 1. Moscow: Sputnik+ Publishing House, 2020. pp. 52-55).

The disadvantages of this method when used for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as training the eye muscles, are:

a) this technique provides the possibility of restoring eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material.

Along with methods based on the use of printed materials, various devices and simulators are used to restore the impaired process of eye movements.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device is known called “A simulator for exercises to restore eye movements in patients in a neurological clinic with a disorder of the visual perception process” (Patent RU 153548 U1 dated 07/27/2015).

Structurally, this device is a plastic frame in which a sheet of working material in the form of various images (objects, labyrinths, etc.) is installed, and an eye movement control element (made of metal with magnetic properties) is installed on the surface of the sheet being used, under which a magnet is located.

When using this device, the patient moves the magnet so that the eye movement control element moves along the contours or other parts of the image being used, while tracking its movement with the gaze.

Thus, this device allows for eye movement rehabilitation, like the methods discussed above, to be performed within the plane of the worksheet. However, eye movement is a more complex process, enabling visual perception to be realized not only in a plane but also in real three-dimensional space.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as for training eye muscles, are:

a) this device provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this device helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, but is not intended for training the eye muscles that ensure the clear perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient.

Thus, the methods discussed above promote training of the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, and are not intended to train the eye muscle (ciliary muscle), which ensures the clear perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient.

The ciliary muscle (ciliary muscle) is an internal muscle of the eye, having a ring-shaped form, which provides accommodation for viewing objects at different distances (Wikipedia. Ciliary muscle, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Цилиарная_мышца).

Accommodation is the eye's adaptation to clearly see objects at different distances by focusing the image on the retina. When viewing an object at close range, signals are sent to the brain due to its blurred image on the retina. Stimulation from the oculomotor nerve is transmitted to the ciliary muscle, which contracts. This causes the ciliary body ring to narrow, the tension of the zonule of Zinn to weaken, and the lens, particularly its anterior surface, to become more convex. The refractive power of the eye increases, and the image of a nearby object becomes clear. When the eye's visual axis shifts to a distant object, stimulation of the oculomotor nerve ceases, the ciliary muscle relaxes, the ciliary body ring expands, the zonule of Zinn tightens, and the lens assumes a flatter shape (Great Russian Encyclopedia. Accommodation, found online at https://bigenc.ru/c/akkomodatsiia-aba563).

To train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, various sets of exercises are used, one of which is, for example, the set "Visual exercises for relaxation and training of the ciliary muscle", which includes the following exercises: a) a mark with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm is applied to the window glass, and the practitioner, standing at a distance of 30-35 cm from the window glass, moves his gaze from the mark to some object located outside the window at a distance of at least 5 meters, and back; b) the practitioner extends his hand forward and looks at the tip of his index finger, after which he slowly brings his finger to his nose, without taking his eyes off it, until the finger begins to double; c) the practitioner places the finger of the right hand at face level, at a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes and looks with both eyes at the tip of the finger for 5 seconds, covering the left eye with the hand for 5 seconds, after which he removes the palm and again looks at the finger with both eyes for 5 seconds, then changes hands (Ophthalmological Center. Eye exercises - training the ciliary muscle, found on the Internet on 08/20/2025 at https://optika-r.ru/zdorove-glaz/uprazhneniya-dlya-glaz-trenirovka-ciliarnoy-myshtsy/).

The disadvantages of these exercises when used for training in restoring impaired eye movement processes, as well as training the eye muscles, are:

a) these exercises are not intended for training in restoring impaired eye movement processes;

b) these exercises provide training only for the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) in these exercises, the fingers of the hand are used as a means of fixing the gaze of the practitioner and controlling the process of eye movement.

Along with the exercises discussed above, various devices and trainers are also used to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, using external means to fix the gaze and control the process of eye movement of the person practicing.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device “Trainer for the correction of presbyopia” is known (RU 138750 U1 from 03/20/2014).

Structurally, this device is a hollow tube with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 240 mm with a longitudinal slot. The tube has plugs installed on both sides, and a ball with a diameter of 12 mm is placed inside, which acts as an external means for fixing the gaze and controlling the eye movement of the person practicing.

When using this device, the practitioner holds it perpendicularly at a distance of 15-30 cm from the eyes, so that the ball is visible through the tube's slit. By rocking the tube along its longitudinal axis, the patient sets the ball in motion. The ball moves away from the eyes and back, at a speed the practitioner adjusts to ensure convergence of the eye axes and bifixation of the ball as it approaches without causing discomfort. The closer the distance and the slower the speed of the ball, the more effective the effect on the ciliary muscles.

By continuously tracking the ball moving forward and backward perpendicular to the eyes for a short period of time and by using it daily and repeatedly, it has a direct effect on the ciliary muscles, restoring their tone and correcting vision in presbyopia.

Thus, this device provides the opportunity to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes due to the possibility of free movement of the ball in the cavity of the tube and tracking its movement through a longitudinal slot.

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as training the eye muscles, are:

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes;

b) this device is intended for training only the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) the range of motion (working stroke) of the ball, which provides the possibility of training the ciliary muscle, is equal to the length of the tube, which is 240 mm;

d) the need to hold the device with both hands, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement of one hand;

d) the difficulty of conducting classes with bedridden neurological patients.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the device “Trainer for exercises to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia” (Patent RU 160587 U1 dated 03/27/2016).

This device is a handle movably mounted on a flat stand, in the upper and lower parts of which two groups of telescopically connected tubes are located, wherein the end of the central tube, located in the lower part of the handle, is connected to the stand, and at the end of the central tube, located in the upper part of the handle, a ball is fixed, which acts as an external means for fixing the gaze and controlling the movement of the patient's eyes.

During the exercises, the device is placed on the surface of the table, and the ball is raised to a height corresponding to the eye level of the patient, who, holding the handle with one hand, begins to slowly move the ball, tracking its movement with his gaze.

This movement can be carried out in a plane either parallel or perpendicular to the patient’s face, or be of a more complex circular nature with periodic alternation of the direction of rotation.

At the same time, the patient, holding the stand of the device with one hand, smoothly lifts the ball with the handle with the other hand (pushing apart the lower tubes) above eye level, after which he lowers it in the same way below eye level, as a result of which vertical movements are added to the trajectory of the ball's movement.

Thus, this device provides the ability to continuously track a ball with the gaze, as it moves in three spatial coordinates.

An important feature of this device is that it provides the ability to work aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor “centers” of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer), and work aimed at training the eye muscles (which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The disadvantages of this device when used for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as for training eye muscles, are:

a) the possibility of using this device only if there is a horizontal surface;

b) the uniformity of the exercises, which consists in the fact that the gaze is fixed in each exercise on the same object, which is a ball;

c) the need to hold the handle with one hand and the stand of the device with the other, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement of one of the hands;

d) the difficulty of conducting classes with bedridden neurological patients;

d) the ability to perform only relatively simple movements with the ball: left-right, up-down, perpendicular to the eyes, in a circle.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned devices and training devices, a device called “Frame Trainer for Exercises to Restore the Disturbed Process of Eye Movements, as well as Training the Eye Muscles” (hereinafter referred to as the “Frame Trainer”) has been developed. This device is easy to use and provides the opportunity to conduct exercises aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor “centers” of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer), and exercises aimed at training the eye muscles (which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The key feature of the proposed "Frame Trainer" is that it uses images (objects or objects, pictograms, geometric shapes, patterns, symbols, or short words) on cards installed in the "Frame Trainer" as an external means for focusing and controlling the user's gaze. Furthermore, the image cards can be easily changed, adding variety to the exercises and making them more engaging for the user.

The tasks that the declared technical solution is aimed at solving are:

a) the versatility of the “Frame Trainer”, which provides the opportunity to conduct exercises aimed at working with both the central and peripheral parts of the visual analyzer, which allows it to be used in various areas of medical rehabilitation;

b) increasing the attractiveness of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and train the eye muscles through the use of a new device;

c) the use of an external means for fixing the gaze and controlling eye movement in the form of images on the cards of the “Frame Trainer”;

d) increasing interest in classes and strengthening attention when performing exercises to restore eye movements and train eye muscles due to the ability to change cards with images on the “Frame Trainer”;

d) providing the opportunity to conduct classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia;

e) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer;

g) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles;

c) ensuring the ability of the “Frame simulator” to perform various movements along trajectories of varying degrees of complexity in three spatial coordinates;

i) the possibility of using the “Frame Trainer” in various conditions, in the absence of a horizontal surface, for example, on walks;

c) ensuring the ability to hold the “Frame Trainer” during training with one hand;

l) providing the opportunity to conduct classes using the “Frame Trainer” for bedridden neurological patients;

m) providing the opportunity to conduct independent studies using the “Frame Simulator”.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the introduction of variety into the process of training in the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training of the eye muscles, which contributes to an increase in interest in the exercises performed, and is implemented due to the design elements of the claimed "Frame Trainer", providing the possibility of conducting training in the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including bedridden patients and patients with impaired movement of one of the hands, as well as training of the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment when working on a computer, and training of the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "Frame Trainer" is a device consisting of a holder, at the upper end of which there is a double-sided box-shaped frame with an internal cavity in which cards with images are placed, and the front and back sides of the frame are the same and contain through cutouts that provide the ability to perceive images on the cards, while the upper part of the internal cavity of the frame is made open to provide the ability to place cards with images in it, and in the center of the upper part of the frame there is a recess to provide the ability to extract cards with images from the internal cavity of the frame with the fingers of the hand, while the holder is intended to hold the device with the hand, and the images on the cards are intended to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the person practicing the exercises.

In the preferred embodiment of the Frame Trainer, the front and back sides of the frame are polygonal in shape.

In the preferred version of the Frame Trainer, the front and back sides of the frame are shaped like circles.

The essence of the utility model "Frame trainer for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes, as well as training of eye muscles" is explained by drawings, which depict:

Fig. 1 - front view of the "Frame trainer";

Fig. 2 - view of the “Frame trainer” from the reverse side;

Fig. 3 - side view of the "Frame Trainer";

Fig. 4 shows a top view of the "Frame Trainer".

The claimed "Frame Trainer" (see Figs. 1-4) is a device consisting of a holder (1), at the upper end of which there is a double-sided box-shaped frame (2) with an internal cavity (3) in which cards (5) with images (6) (objects or objects, pictograms, geometric figures, patterns, symbols or short words) are placed, and the front and back sides of the frame (2) are the same (see Figs. 1, 2) and contain through cutouts that provide the ability to perceive images (6) on the cards (5), wherein the upper part of the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2) is made open to provide the ability to place cards (5) with images (6) in it, and in the center of the front and back sides of the upper part of the frame (2) there is a recess (4) to provide the ability to remove cards (5) with images (6) from the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2) with the fingers of the hand, wherein the holder (1) is intended for holding the device with the hand, and the images (6) on the cards (5) are intended to fix the gaze and control the eye movements of the person exercising (a patient with impaired eye movement or visual acuity, as well as a person training their vision) during the exercise.

The term "holder" refers to a device for holding or securing something (Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. Holder, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/47014).

The term "frame" refers to a small frame for inserting or framing something (Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary. Frame, found online at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1000378).

The term "glance" refers to the direction, the gaze directed towards someone or something (Efremova's Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. Glance, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/146522/Взор).

The dimensions of this particular "Frame Trainer" indicated below are not features that narrow the scope of legal protection, as they may change during the process of its creation.

The holder (1) can be made of plastic or light metal (for example, aluminum) and its length can range from 80 to 120 millimeters or more.

The holder (1) may have the shape of a truncated right cone (see Fig. 1-3), a right cylinder, a regular right prism, a truncated regular pyramid, a rectangular parallelepiped (with rounded edges) or any other shape that allows the “Frame Trainer” to be comfortably held with the hand.

The term "cone" refers to a surface formed in space by a set of rays (forming the cone) connecting all points of a certain plane curve (the cone's directrix) with a given point in space (the cone's apex). A truncated cone is the portion of a cone lying between the base and a plane parallel to the base and located between the apex and the base. A right cone is a cone whose base has a center of symmetry (e.g., a circle or an ellipse) and the orthogonal projection of the cone's apex onto the plane of the base coincides with this center (Wikipedia. Cone, found online at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Конус).

The term "cylinder" refers to a geometric solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes intersecting it. A cylinder is called a straight cylinder if its bases have centers of symmetry (for example, they are circles or ellipses), and the line between them is perpendicular to the planes of these bases (Wikipedia, "Cylinder," found online at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Цилиндр).

The term "prism" refers to a polyhedron two of whose faces are congruent (equal) polygons lying in parallel planes, and the remaining faces are parallelograms sharing sides with these polygons. A right prism is a prism whose lateral edges are perpendicular to the plane of the base, which means that all lateral faces are rectangles. A regular prism is a right prism whose base is a regular polygon. The lateral faces of a regular prism are equal rectangles (Wikipedia. Prism, found online at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Призия_(громия)).

The term "regular polygon" refers to a convex polygon in which all sides and all angles between adjacent sides are equal (Wikipedia. Regular polygon, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Правальный_полногогон).

The term "polygon" refers to a geometric figure defined as a portion of a plane bounded by a closed polygonal line. A polygon with three vertices is called a triangle, with four a quadrilateral, with five a pentagon, and so on (Wikipedia, "Polygon," found online at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Погогон).

The term "truncated pyramid" refers to a polyhedron shaped like a portion of a pyramid, enclosed between the base and a plane parallel to the base. If the original pyramid is regular, then its truncated pyramid is also called a regular pyramid (Wikipedia: "Truncated pyramid," found online at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Уресекная_пирамида).

The term "rectangular parallelepiped" refers to a polyhedron with six faces, each of which is a rectangle (Wikipedia. Rectangular parallelepiped, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Прямоугный_паральдепипед).

If the holder (1) has the shape of a truncated right cone, then the diameter of its lower part can be from 15 to 20 millimeters or more.

If the holder (1) has the shape of a straight cylinder, its diameter can range from 8 to 15 millimeters or more.

If the holder (1) has the shape of a regular right prism, then the diameter of the circle described around its cross-section can be from 10 to 20 millimeters or more.

If the holder (1) has the shape of a truncated regular pyramid, then the diameter of the circle described around the cross-section of its lower part can be from 15 to 25 millimeters or more.

If the holder (1) has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, its thickness can be from 5 to 10 millimeters, and its width from 12 to 20 millimeters.

The frame (2), located at the upper end of the holder (1), can be made of plastic or light metal (for example, aluminum), and is double-sided.

A double-sided frame is a type of frame whose design allows for the placement of up to two images simultaneously, each of which is located on one side of the frame, for example, "Double-sided photo frame" (Wildberries online store. Double-sided photo frame, found on 08/20/2025 on the Internet at https://www.wildberries.ru/catalog/268041168/detail.aspx).

The frame (2) has a box-shaped form with an internal cavity (3), in which cards (5) with images (6) are placed.

The front and back sides of the frame (2) are identical (in shape and size) and contain identical (in shape and size) cutouts that allow students to perceive images (6) on the two outer cards (5) placed in the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2).

The front and back sides of the frame (2) can have the shape of: a) polygons (triangles (turned downwards with the corner), quadrangles, squares (see Fig. 1, 2), pentagons, hexagons, etc.), b) circles, c) any other flat geometric figures.

The term "polygon" refers to a geometric figure defined as a portion of a plane bounded by a closed polygonal line. A polygon with three vertices is called a triangle, with four a quadrilateral, with five a pentagon, and so on (Wikipedia, "Polygon," found online at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Погогон).

If the front and back sides of the frame (2) have the shape of polygons, then the diameter of the circle described around each of them is the same and can range from 45 to 80 millimeters or more.

If the front and back sides of the frame (2) are shaped like circles, then the diameter of each of them is the same and can range from 45 to 80 millimeters or more.

The shape of the through cutouts corresponds to the shape of the front and back sides of the frame (2).

The thickness of the frame walls (2) can be 1.5-3 mm, and the width of the frame (2) allows for the placement of 5 to 15 or more cards (5) with images (6) in its internal cavity (3).

The upper part of the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2) is made open to allow the placement of cards (5) in the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2).

In this case, in the center of the upper part of the front and back sides of the frame (2) a recess (4) is made to ensure the possibility of removing cards (5) from the frame (2) to select cards (5) with the required images.

To ensure better preservation of the cards (5), a transparent film can be attached (for example, by means of an adhesive connection) to the inner surfaces of the front and back sides of the frame (2).

The frame (2) is rigidly attached to the holder (1) by adhesive or other means. Alternatively, the holder (1) and frame (2) can be constructed as a single, integral structure made of plastic or metal.

The cards (5) are made of thick white paper, and their shape corresponds to the shape of the inner cavity (3) of the frame (2) in which they are placed.

The fixation of the cards (5) in the internal cavity of the frame (2) is achieved by the frictional force between the cards (5) and the internal surfaces of the front and back sides of the frame (2).

The cards (5) placed in the internal cavity of the frame (2) contain on both sides images (6) of various objects or items, pictograms, geometric figures, patterns, symbols (letters, numbers, hieroglyphs) or short words, which are intended to fix the gaze and control the movement of the eyes of the student during the execution of the exercises.

The images (6) contained on the cards (5) may be black and white or color. The placement of each image (6) on the card (5) must ensure that the student can see it fully through the cutout in the front and back of the frame (2).

Thus, the design elements of the declared “Frame simulator” provide:

a) increasing the effectiveness of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements or to train the eye muscles by using an external means for fixing the gaze and controlling eye movements;

b) maintaining and enhancing interest in classes through the possibility of using cards (5) with different images (6), making the class process more attractive and interesting;

c) the ability to implement various movements of the device along various trajectories of any degree of complexity;

d) the ability to use the device in various conditions, in the absence of a horizontal surface;

d) the possibility of conducting classes with neurological patients who have impaired movement in one of their hands;

e) the possibility of conducting classes with bedridden neurological patients;

g) the possibility of conducting long courses of rehabilitation and training sessions.

Work with the device "Frame trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training of the eye muscles" is carried out using methods determined by the objectives of the restorative or training sessions.

Restoration of the eye movement process in patients with visual agnosia

The relevance of using the "Frame Trainer" during training sessions to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia is due to the fact that most existing trainers and manuals provide the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, in contrast to which the "Frame Trainer" provides the ability to restore eye movements in real three-dimensional space.

Classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are conducted under the guidance of a neuropsychologist or other specialist in this field.

During a course of exercises to restore impaired eye movement, the specialist demonstrates various types of exercises to the patient, teaching him how to independently use the "Frame Trainer."

Before the start of the first lesson, the specialist, using the recess (4) in the center of the upper part of the frame (2), removes all the cards (5) from the internal cavity (3) of the frame (2) with two fingers of his hand.

Next, he selects two cards (5) with the most suitable images (6) for the first lesson and places all the cards (5) back into the frame (2) so that the cards (5) he selected with the images (6) are visible in the cutouts on the front and back sides of the frame (2).

Each of the six types of exercises described below is based on the use of one of the images (6) on the cards (5) of the “Frame Trainer”, held in a vertical position by the patient’s hand using the holder (1), to fix the patient’s gaze and control the patient’s eye movements.

The first type of exercise involves the simplest movements using the "Frame Trainer" in a simulated plane positioned in front of the patient's face at arm's length. For example, movements left and right, up and down, movements along the diagonals of a simulated rectangle, etc.

After the specialist demonstrates these exercises, the patient grasps the "Frame Trainer" by the handle (1) with their hand (left or right) and performs slow, even movements with the device along the given trajectories, tracing the image (6) on the front (or back) of the frame (2) with their gaze, without straining their eyes or moving their head. The specialist monitors the patient's performance of these exercises to ensure smooth and calm movements, and that the maximum deflection of the frame (2) with the image (6) is comfortable for the patient (this also applies to other types of exercises).

The second type of exercise involves the patient holding the "Frame Trainer" by the handle (1) so that the frame (2) with the image being used (6) is positioned motionless in front of the patient's face at arm's length. The patient then, fixating their gaze on the image being used (6), performs smooth head movements left and right, up and down, and so on, under the supervision of a specialist.

The third type of exercise is a more complex version of the first type and includes more complex movements with the "Frame Trainer," performed in a fixed plane located approximately an arm's length in front of the patient's face. For example, circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), movements along a horizontal figure-eight (clockwise and counterclockwise), and others, performed under the supervision of a specialist.

The fourth type of exercise is a more complex version of the second type. The patient holds the "Frame Trainer" so that the frame (2) with the image being used (6) is held motionless in front of their face at arm's length. The patient then, while fixating their gaze on the image being used (6), performs more complex head movements, such as circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), horizontal figure-eight movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), and others, all performed under the supervision of a specialist.

The fifth type of exercise involves movements of the frame (2) with the image (6) in a vertical plane perpendicular to the center of the patient's face. For example, linear movements away from the patient's face and back, circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), and others, performed under the supervision of a specialist.

The sixth type of exercise involves more complex movement trajectories of the frame (2) with the image (6) used, performed not in a single plane, as in the first, third, and fifth types of exercises, but in three-dimensional space. For example, movements along the contour of an imaginary sphere or any other three-dimensional figure, etc., performed under the supervision of a specialist.

The above-described types of exercises using the "Frame Trainer" vary in their degree of difficulty and are gradually incorporated into the training process by the specialist, taking into account the degree of impairment of the patient's eye movement process and his ability to perform certain eye movements.

Each exercise is repeated by the patient, depending on their condition, two to five times, with breaks in between, the duration of which is determined by the specialist. To increase the variety of exercises performed, images (6) from the front of frame (2) can be used in one session, and images (6) from the back of frame (2) in the next session. Subsequently, images from the backs of these cards (5) or images from other cards (5) can be used instead of these images (6).

After mastering these exercises under the guidance of a specialist, the patient is given the opportunity to conduct independent exercises using the “Frame Trainer”.

As the patient achieves positive results in restoring the process of eye movements, a gradual increase in the number of exercises of the sixth type is carried out, which are distinguished by a more complex trajectory of movements of the frame (2) with the image used (6).

Eye muscle training to prevent vision problems

The relevance of using the "Frame Trainer" for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment is due to the fact that currently, work, study, and other activities of most people are connected with a computer, the active use of which contributes to the development of computer vision syndrome.

A computer user's visual performance and visual fatigue are closely linked to their accommodation (the ability of the visual apparatus to focus on objects located at different distances) and convergence (the convergence of the visual axes of both eyes on a fixed object). The development of computer vision syndrome is based on the mechanism of overstrain of the accommodative apparatus of the eye. Because text on electronic media is not presented as continuous lines, but consists of scattered dots and pixels, images on electronic media and paper differ greatly, and the eyes are unable to maintain focus. This leads to disruption of the function and uneven contraction of the muscle that provides accommodation (ciliary muscle) and the development of accommodation spasm (A.I. Oleynik. Computer vision syndrome, found on 08/20/2025 on the Internet at https://gkb-23.ru/tag/elektrostimulyatsiya-tsiliarnoj-myshtsy/).

One of the ways to combat computer vision syndrome is visual gymnastics, based on regularly performing a set of exercises to relieve eye strain: a) look alternately to the right and left, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; b) look alternately up and down, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; c) perform circular movements with your eyes, first clockwise, then counterclockwise; d) open and close your eyes sufficiently intensively; e) look alternately diagonally up to the right and down to the left, up to the left and down to the right, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; e) bring the index finger of the hand closer to the nose, focusing the gaze on the tip of the finger, thus bringing the eyes to the nose and fixing the gaze for 1-2 seconds (Daria Lebedinets. How working at a computer affects vision, found on 08/20/2025 on the Internet at https://oft.nika-nn.ru/articles/kak-rabota-za-kompyuterom-vliyaet-na-zrenie/?ysclid=m6xq31ajuc266778241).

The developed “Frame Trainer” facilitates the execution of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movement, making their execution more convenient and interesting due to the presence of cards (5) installed in the device with various images (6) designed to fix the gaze during the execution of these exercises.

In this case, the use of the "Frame Trainer" is particularly relevant for conducting visual gymnastics for neurological patients during classes on the restoration of impaired mental functions using computer technologies, which are widely used in the practice of neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with organic brain damage (Selyavko L.E., Tsvetkova L.S. Computer technologies in rehabilitation training. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14, Psychology. 2006. No. 2. Pp. 71-78).

This is due to the fact that the visual system of neurological patients is more susceptible to the effects of a computer monitor and therefore has a greater need for rest and preventative training.

The use of the "Frame Trainer" during exercises aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairments is carried out through visual gymnastics exercises to overcome computer vision syndrome and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

The main differences between training sessions aimed at training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment in computer vision syndrome and sessions aimed at restoring the eye movement process in neurological patients with visual agnosia are:

a) shorter classes, if they are held more regularly;

b) the use of additional exercises that promote better eye function: blinking, eye massage, etc.;

c) some increase in the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

All exercises performed using the "Frame Trainer" should be performed slowly, calmly, smoothly, without straining the eye muscles.

Moreover, to increase the variety of exercises using the “Frame Trainer”, the student can periodically (for example, before each exercise) change the cards (5) with images (6) visible in the side cutouts of the front and back sides of the frame (2).

Along with exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, the "Frame Trainer" can be used to prevent visual impairment during any other activity that involves prolonged fixation of the gaze on objects located close to the eyes, such as reading books, writing on a piece of paper, drawing, etc.

Eye muscle training to improve visual acuity

The relevance of using the "Frame Trainer" for training the eye muscles in order to improve visual acuity is due to the fact that various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles have become widespread at present, the most common of which include myopia and presbyopia.

Eye muscle training sessions to improve visual acuity are conducted under the guidance of an ophthalmologist or other specialist in this field.

Various exercise programs are currently available, such as the "Vision Restoration Exercises" program, which helps improve visual acuity through specific exercises aimed at restoring eye muscle tone and improving the condition of the visual apparatus. Regularly performing these exercises helps relieve tension and oxygenate the eye tissue, thereby improving visual acuity, relieving tension in the frontal lobe, and stimulating the tear ducts. This program includes a blinking exercise, which improves blood circulation, and an eye squeeze exercise, which helps relieve tension. eyelid massage, which improves the circulation of ocular fluid, etc. This complex also includes exercises that involve "drawing" images of a figure eight, arrows in different directions, the letter "S", etc. with the eyes. It is recommended to print these images on a sheet of paper and use them as eye movement trajectories during the exercises (Ophthalmological Clinic. V.A. Parshina. Exercises for vision restoration, found on August 20, 2025, on the Internet at https://www.sfe.ru/info/stati/uprazhneniya-dlya-vosstanovleniya-zreni/).

The developed “Frame Trainer” facilitates the execution of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movements, making their execution more convenient and interesting due to the presence of an external means for fixing the gaze in the form of images (6) on cards (5), as well as the possibility of periodically changing cards (5) with images (6) during the course of the lessons.

The use of the "Frame Trainer" during exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity is carried out through a set of special exercises to improve visual acuity, and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia and exercises to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment.

The main difference between training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity and training for the prevention of visual impairment is:

a) increasing the duration of classes;

b) increasing the number of additional exercises aimed at relieving tension, improving blood circulation in the eye, etc.;

c) increasing the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

Moreover, to increase the variety of exercises using the “Frame Trainer”, the student can periodically change the cards (5) with images visible in the side cutouts of the front and back sides of the frame (2).

Along with exercises aimed at restoring eye movements and training eye muscles, the Frame Trainer can be effectively used:

a) when conducting corrective and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of the eye movement process;

b) when conducting classes with children to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, as well as to prevent deterioration of vision due to myopia;

c) when conducting classes with neurological patients with alexia, whose reading difficulties are caused by a disorder of the eye movement process, therefore, in working with these patients, the above-described set of exercises for restoring eye movements is used;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients with unilateral visual-spatial agnosia, in which the perception of objects in the left visual field is impaired, therefore, in working with these patients, the above-described exercises are used to restore eye movements, based on tracking the movement of an image on a card with the gaze, which periodically goes beyond the visual field perceived by the patient;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients who have impaired voluntary attention, due to the fact that following the movement of the image on the card with the gaze will help improve concentration.

Thus, the declared "Frame Trainer" adds variety to the process of training in the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training of the eye muscles, contributing to an increase in interest in the exercises performed, and providing the opportunity to conduct training in the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including bedridden patients and patients with impaired movement of one of the hands, as well as training of the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment when working on a computer, and training of the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

Claims (3)

1. A frame trainer for exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements, as well as training the eye muscles, characterized in that it is a device consisting of a holder, at the upper end of which is a double-sided box-shaped frame with an internal cavity in which cards with images are placed, and the front and back sides of the frame are the same and contain through cutouts that provide the ability to perceive images on the cards, while the upper part of the internal cavity of the frame is made open to provide the ability to place cards with images in it, and in the center of the upper part of the frame there is a recess to provide the ability to remove cards with images from the internal cavity of the frame with the fingers of the hand, while the holder is intended to hold the device with the hand, and the images on the cards are intended to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the person practicing the exercises. 2. A frame trainer according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the front and back sides of the frame have the shape of polygons. 3. A frame trainer according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the front and back sides of the frame have the shape of circles.